Month: September 2022

Yadav, Ambedkar Kumar;Wen, Siwan;Xu, Xianghuai;Yu, Li published 《Antiviral treatment in COVID-19: which is the most promising?-a narrative review.》. The research results were published in《Annals of palliative medicine》 in 2021.Recommanded Product: 55981-09-4 The article conveys some information:

The whole world is battling through coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which is a fatal pandemic. In the early 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a global health emergency without definitive treatments and preventive approaches. In the absence of definitive therapeutic agents, this thorough review summarizes and outlines the potency and safety of all molecules and therapeutics which may have potential antiviral effects. A number of molecules and therapeutics licensed or being tested for some other conditions were found effective in different in vitro studies as well as in many small sample-sized clinical trials and independent case studies. However, in those clinical trials, there were some limitations which need to be overcome to find the most promising antiviral against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In conclusion, many of above-mentioned antivirals seems to have some therapeutic effects but none of them have been shown to have a strong evidence for their proper recommendation and approval in the treatment of COVID-19. Constantly evolving new evidences, exclusive adult data, language barrier, and type of study (observational, retrospective, small-sized clinical trials, or independent case series) resulted to the several limitations of this review. The need for multicentered, large sample-sized, randomized, placebo-controlled trials on COVID-19 patients to reach a proper conclusion on the most promising antiviral agent is warranted.2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.Recommanded Product: 55981-09-4

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Formula: C12H9N3O5SIn 2021, Elalfy, Hatem;Besheer, Tarek;El-Mesery, Ahmed;El-Gilany, Abdel-Hady;Abd Elazez, Mahmoud Soliman;Alhawarey, Ahmed;Alegezy, Mohamed;Elhadidy, Tamer;Hewidy, Asem A.;Zaghloul, Hossam;Neamatallah, Mustafa Ahmed Mohamed;Raafat, Douaa;El-Emshaty, Wafaa M.;Abo El Kheir, Nermin Y.;El-Bendary, Mahmoud published 《Effect of a combination of nitazoxanide, ribavirin, and ivermectin plus zinc supplement (MANS.NRIZ study) on the clearance of mild COVID-19》. 《Journal of Medical Virology》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

This trial compared the rate and time of viral clearance in subjects receiving a combination of nitazoxanide, ribavirin, and ivermectin plus Zinc vs. those receiving supportive treatment. This non-randomized controlled trial included 62 patients on the triple combination treatment vs. 51 age- and sex-matched patients on routine supportive treatment. all of them confirmed cases by pos. reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of a nasopharyngeal swab. Trial results showed that the clearance rates were 0% and 58.1% on the 7th day and 13.7% and 73.1% on the 15th day in the supportive treatment and combined antiviral groups, resp. The cumulative clearance rates on the 15th day are 13.7% and 88.7% in the supportive treatment and combined antiviral groups, resp. This trial concluded by stating that the combined use of nitazoxanide, ribavirin, and ivermectin plus zinc supplement effectively cleared the SARS-COV2 from the nasopharynx in a shorter time than symptomatic therapy. And 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) was used in the research process.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been approved as an orphan drug for the treatment of diarrhea in children (age, 1–11 years) and is associated with giardiasis, but it also is approved for diarrhea caused by crytosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.Formula: C12H9N3O5S

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Madbouly, Neveen;El Amir, Azza;Kader, Asmaa Abdel;Rabee, Ibraheem;Farid, Alyaa published 《The immunomodulatory activity of secnidazole-nitazoxanide in a murine cryptosporidiosis model》. The research results were published in《Journal of Medical Microbiology》 in 2021.Product Details of 55981-09-4 The article conveys some information:

Cryptosporidium parvum causes intestinal parasitic infections affcting both immunosuppressed and immuno competent individuals. Given the absence of effctive treatments for cryptosporidiosis, especially in immunodeficient patients, the present study was designed to assess the therapeutic efficy of secnidazole (SEC) and its combination with nitazoxanide (NTZ) in comparison to single NTZ treatment in relation to the immune status of a murine model of C. parvum infection. The infected groups were administered NTZ, SEC or NTZ-SEC for three or five successive doses. At days 10 and 12 post-infection (p.i.), the mice were sacrified, and the efficy of the applied drugs was evaluated by comparing the histo pathol. alterations in ileum and measuring the T helper Th1 (interferon gamma; IFN-γ), Th2 [interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10] and Th17 (IL-17) cytokine profies in serum. The NTZ-SEC combination recorded the maximal reduction of C. parvum oocyst shedding, endogenous stages count and intestinal histopathol., regardless of the immune status of the infected mice. The efficy of NTZ-SEC was dependent on the period of administration, as the 5 day-based treatment protocol was also more effctive than the 3 day-based one in terms of immunocompetence and immunosuppression. The present treatment schedule induced an immunomodulatory effect from SEC that developed a protective immune response against C. parvum infection with reduced production of serum IL-17, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10. Application of NTZ-SEC combined therapy may be useful in treatment of C. parvum, especially in cases involving immunosuppression.2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), an anthelmintic agent, exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans.Product Details of 55981-09-4

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Jana, Asim;Bhaumick, Prabhas;Panday, Anoop Kumar;Mishra, Richa;Choudhury, Lokman H. published 《I₂/DMSO mediated multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of 2-arylbenzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives》 in 2019. The article was appeared in 《Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry》. They have made some progress in their research.HPLC of Formula: 6285-57-0 The article mentions the following:

Synthesis of a series of 2-arylbenzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles tethered with barbituric acid moiety was reported from the three component reaction of 2-aminobenzothiazoles, barbituric acids and terminal aryl acetylenes or aryl Me ketones in the presence of I₂ in DMSO medium. Both conventional and microwave heating conditions was used for this multicomponent reaction. The salient features of this methodol. are: (i) formation of one C-C and two C-N bonds in one-pot under metal-free oxidation followed by cyclization (ii) selective formation of the fused imidazole ring, (iii) wide substrate scope (iv) easy purification of the products (v) products having more than one pharmaceutically important motifs and (vi) gram scale synthesis possible.6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 6285-57-0) were involved in the experimental procedure.

6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine(cas:6285-57-0) has been used:
as model analyte for voltammetric determination of electrochemically reducible organic substances;
in the synthesis of 2-methyl-4-nitro-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid[2-(cyclohexanecarbonylamino)benzothiazol-6-yl]amide derivatives;
in the preparation of push-pull nonlinear optical chromophores containing thiazole and benzothiazole acceptors;
as a base in dye production by diazotation reaction.

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Alom, Nur-E.;Kaur, Navdeep;Wu, Fan;Saluga, Shannon Jasmine;Li, Wei published 《Catalytic Regio- and Stereoselective Alkene Sulfenoamination for 1,4-Benzothiazine Synthesis》 in 2019. The article was appeared in 《Chemistry – A European Journal》. They have made some progress in their research.Synthetic Route of C7H5N3O2S The article mentions the following:

An alkene sulfenoamination reaction with 2-aminothiophenol was developed using iodide catalysis. This reaction rendered access to useful 1,4-benzothiazines such as I [R¹ = H, Ph, 1-naphthyl, etc.; R² = H, Me, Ph; R³ = H, Me, n-Pr, n-hexyl, (CH₂)₂Ph] with good functional group compatibility including both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents. The reaction was proposed to proceeded through an inversion of the polarity of the thiol functionality. Our mechanistic studies revealed that both thiiranium and thiyl radical pathways were plausible and that the disulfide reagent could also function as a viable substrate in this reaction. To complete the study, the researchers used 6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 6285-57-0) .

6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine(cas:6285-57-0Synthetic Route of C7H5N3O2S) has been shown to lower blood pressure in mice by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme and potassium channels. This drug also has a protective effect on the heart and brain from ischemia reperfusion injury.

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Quality Control of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate《Interventions in an Ambulatory Setting to Prevent Progression to Severe Disease in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review》 was published in 2022. The authors were O Murchu, Eamon;Spillane, Susan;Byrne, Paula;O′Neill, Michelle;Harrington, Patricia;Ryan, Mairin, and the article was included in《Annals of Pharmacotherapy》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

A review. To conduct a systematic review on the effectiveness and safety of pharmacol. and nonpharmacol. interventions, in the ambulatory setting, aimed at preventing severe disease in patients with COVID-19. Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and EuropePMC) were searched on Jan. 6, 2021. Study Selection and Data Extraction:: A systematic review was conducted, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. The quality of individual trials was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool 2, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Data Synthesis:: The collective search retrieved 3818 citations. Eight trials relating to 9 pharmacol. interventions were identified. No evidence for nonpharmacol. interventions was identified. Low certainty evidence of effectiveness in preventing severe disease was found for fluvoxamine (absolute difference: -8.7%; 95% CI: -1.8% to -16.4%) and bamlanivimab plus etesevimab (absolute difference: -4.9%; 95% CI: -0.8% to -8.9%). Both trials were limited by small sample sizes and short durations of follow-up. In addition, very low certainty evidence of effect was found for ivermectin plus doxycycline and sulodexide. Based on published data, insufficient evidence of effect was found for bamlanivimab (monotherapy), casirivimab plus imdevimab, ivermectin (monotherapy), nitazoxanide, and peginterferon lambda. Relevance to Patient Care and Clin. Practice:: This review assessed all ambulatory treatments for COVID-19 that may improve patient outcomes and reduce hospitalizations. Recent trials have shown promising results for a number of pharmacol. agents to treat COVID-19 in the ambulatory setting. However, larger, more robust trials are needed to support the routine use of these agents outside of monitored clin. trials.2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), an anthelmintic agent, exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans.Quality Control of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Electric Literature of C7H5N3O2SIn 2018, Ahlawat, Aarti;Khatkar, Priyanka;Singh, Vikramjeet;Asija, Sonika published 《Diorganotin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases derived from salicylaldehyde and 2-amino-6-substituted benzothiazoles: synthesis, spectral studies, in vitro antimicrobial evaluation and QSAR studies》. 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

In the present work, Schiff base ligands (1–4) were prepared by condensation of 2-amino-6-substituted-benzothiazole and salicylaldehyde in a 1:1 molar ratio and were further treated with diorganotindichloride R’₂SnCl₂ leading to a series of organotin(IV) complexes (5–20) of type R’₂SnL^1-4Cl [R’ = Ph, Bu, Et, Me]. The prepared Schiff base ligands and the organotin(IV) complexes were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques (¹H, ¹³C, ¹¹⁹Sn NMR, FT-IR) and phys. techniques. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity against two Gram pos. bacterial strains B. cereus, S. aureus, two Gram neg. bacterial strains E. coli, P. aeruginosa and two fungal strains A. niger and A. flavus by serial dilution method. The spectral data revealed that the complexes were pentacoordinated with bidentate ligands coordinated through oxygen and nitrogen. The results of antimicrobial activity revealed that the synthesized complexes were more toxic towards Gram pos. bacterial strains as compared to Gram neg. bacterial strains. From the results of QSAR anal., it was indicated that the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds were controlled by topol. parameters (mol. connectivity indexes). To complete the study, the researchers used 6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 6285-57-0) .

6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine(cas:6285-57-0Electric Literature of C7H5N3O2S) has been shown to lower blood pressure in mice by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme and potassium channels. This drug also has a protective effect on the heart and brain from ischemia reperfusion injury.

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Zheng, Jun;Woerl, Benjamin;Breit, Bernhard published 《Rhodium-Catalyzed Chemo-, Regio-, and Enantioselective Allylation of 2-Aminothiazoles with Terminal Allenes》 in 2019. The article was appeared in 《European Journal of Organic Chemistry》. They have made some progress in their research.Electric Literature of C7H5N3O2S The article mentions the following:

A rhodium-catalyzed chemo-, regio- and enantioselective intermol. coupling reaction of 2-aminobenzothiazoles with terminal allenes is reported. The new reaction displays a wide substrate scope for both reaction partners to deliver the allylation products in good yields, with excellent regio- and enantioselectivity. This novel methodol. was further applied in an efficient synthesis of chiral isothiourea. And 6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 6285-57-0) was used in the research process.

6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine(cas:6285-57-0) has been used:
as model analyte for voltammetric determination of electrochemically reducible organic substances;in the synthesis of 2-methyl-4-nitro-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid[2-(cyclohexanecarbonylamino)benzothiazol-6-yl]amide derivatives;in the preparation of push-pull nonlinear optical chromophores containing thiazole and benzothiazole acceptors;as a base in dye production by diazotation reaction.
in the synthesis of 2-methyl-4-nitro-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid[2-(cyclohexanecarbonylamino)benzothiazol-6-yl]amide derivatives;
in the preparation of push-pull nonlinear optical chromophores containing thiazole and benzothiazole acceptors;
as a base in dye production by diazotation reaction.

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Product Details of 6285-57-0《Synthesis and Evaluation of a Series of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents》 was published in 2018. The authors were Altintop, Mehlika D.;Sever, Belgin;Ozdemir, Ahmet;Ilgin, Sinem;Atli, Ozlem;Turan-Zitouni, Gulhan;Kaplancikli, Zafer A., and the article was included in《Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

In an attempt to develop potent antitumor agents, the synthesis of a series of N-(6-substituted benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-[(5-(arylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio]acetamides (1-14) was described and their cytotoxic effects on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma, MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma, HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma and NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell lines were investigated using MTT assay. Phenyl-substituted compounds (8-14) were found to be more effective than naphthyl-substituted compounds (1-7) on cancer cells. Compounds 8, 9, 10, 12, 13 and 14 were identified as the most potent anticancer agents on MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines and therefore their effects on DNA synthesis and apoptosis/necrosis in MCF-7 cell line were evaluated. Among these compounds, N-(6-methoxybenzothiazol-2-yl)-2-[(5- (phenylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio]acetamide (13) was the most selective anticancer agent against MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines with a SI value of 100. On the other hand, compounds 8, 9, 10, 12, 13 and 14 inhibited DNA synthesis in MCF-7 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analyses clearly indicated that the compounds showed significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 cell line via the induction of apoptosis dose dependently. According to in vitro assays, compounds 8, 9, 10, 12, 13 and 14 stand out as promising candidates for further studies. To complete the study, the researchers used 6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 6285-57-0) .

6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine(cas:6285-57-0Product Details of 6285-57-0) has been shown to lower blood pressure in mice by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme and potassium channels. This drug also has a protective effect on the heart and brain from ischemia reperfusion injury.

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetateIn 2021, Rocco, Patricia R. M.;Silva, Pedro L.;Cruz, Fernanda F.;Melo, Marco Antonio C. Jr.;Tierno, Paulo F. G. M. M.;Moura, Marcos A.;De Oliveira, Luis Frederico G.;Lima, Cristiano C.;Santos, Ezequiel A. Dos;Walter, F. Jr.;Fernandes, Ana Paula S. M.;Franchini, Kleber G.;Magri, Erick;de Moraes, Nara F.;Goncalves, Jose Mario J.;Carbonieri, Melanie N.;Santos, Ivonise S. Dos;Paes, Natalia F.;Maciel, Paula V. M.;Rocha, Raissa P.;de Carvalho, Alex F.;Alves, Pedro Augusto;Proenca-Modena, Jose Luiz;Cordeiro, Artur T.;Trivella, Daniela B. B.;Marques, Rafael E.;Luiz, Ronir R.;Pelosi, Paolo;e Silva, Jose Roberto Lapa published 《Early use of nitazoxanide in mild COVID-19 disease: randomised, placebo-controlled trial》. 《European Respiratory Journal》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Background: Nitazoxanide is widely available and exerts broad-spectrum antiviral activity in vitro. However, there is no evidence of its impact on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods: In a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adult patients presenting up to 3 days after onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms (dry cough, fever and/or fatigue) were enrolled. After confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection using reverse transcriptase PCR on a nasopharyngeal swab, patients were randomised 1:1 to receive either nitazoxanide (500 mg) or placebo, three times daily, for 5 days. The primary outcome was complete resolution of symptoms. Secondary outcomes were viral load, laboratory tests, serum biomarkers of inflammation and hospitalisation rate. Adverse events were also assessed. Results: From June 8 to August 20, 2020, 1575 patients were screened. Of these, 392 (198 placebo, 194 nitazoxanide) were analyzed. Median (interquartile range) time from symptom onset to first dose of study drug was 5 (4-5) days. At the 5-day study visit, symptom resolution did not differ between the nitazoxanide and placebo arms. Swabs collected were neg. for SARS-CoV-2 in 29.9% of patients in the nitazoxanide arm vs. 18.2% in the placebo arm (p = 0.009). Viral load was reduced after nitazoxanide compared to placebo (p = 0.006). The percentage viral load reduction from onset to end of therapy was higher with nitazoxanide (55%) than placebo (45%) (p = 0.013). Other secondary outcomes were not significantly different. No serious adverse events were observed Conclusions: In patients with mild COVID-19, symptom resolution did not differ between nitazoxanide and placebo groups after 5 days of therapy. However, early nitazoxanide therapy was safe and reduced viral load significantly.2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica