Day: October 11, 2022

《Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction and the antioxidant activities of Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia)》 was published in Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science in 2021. These research results belong to Ikhtiarini, Asefin Nurul; Setyaningsih, Widiastuti; Rafi, Mohamad; Aminah, Nanik Siti; Insanu, Muhamad; Irnawati, Irnawati; Rohman, Abdul. Quality Control of ABTS Diammonium The article mentions the following:

Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia) is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and has been reported to possess many bioactive compounds that are beneficial for human health, including polyphenolics having antioxidant activities. The objective of this study was (1) to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of Sidaguri and (2) to evaluate antioxidant activities of extracts resulting from the optimized condition using radical scavenging assay of 2,2′-diphenil-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid. The optimum UAE conditions obtained were solvent to solid ratio of 26:1, temperature of extraction of 45.45°C, methanol concentration of 42%, power of sonication of 86%, and time of extraction of 5 min. Sidaguri obtained from locations of Kretek and Ngemplak had the highest radical scavenging activity accounting for 83.69% ± 0.30% and 82.95% ± 0.49%, resp.ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Quality Control of ABTS Diammonium) was used in this study.

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. To avoid the problem of multiple alkylation, methods have been devised for “blocking” substitution so that only one alkyl group is introduced. The Gabriel synthesis is one such method; it utilizes phthalimide, C6H4(CO)2NH, whose one acidic hydrogen atom has been removed upon the addition of a base such as KOH to form a salt.Quality Control of ABTS Diammonium

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Electric Literature of C7H5ClN2SOn September 30, 2020 ,《In Silico Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Series of Benzothiazole- Based Pyrazolidinediones as Potent Hypoglycemic Agents》 was published in Medicinal Chemistry (Sharjah, United Arab Emirates). The article was written by Haroun, Michelyne. The article contains the following contents:

The discovery of novel ligand binding domain (LBD) of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has recently attracted attention to few research groups in order to develop more potent and safer antidiabetic agents. This study is focused on docking-based design and synthesis of novel compounds combining benzothiazole and pyrazolidinedione scaffold as potential antidiabetic agents. Several benzothiazole-pyrazolidinedione hybrids were synthesized and tested for their in vivo anti-hyperglycemic activity. Interactions profile of title compounds against PPARγ was examined through mol. modeling approach. All tested compounds exhibited anti-hyperglycemic activity similar or superior to the reference drug Rosiglitazone. Introducing chlorine atom and alkyl group at position-6 and -5 resp. on benzothiazole core resulted in enhancing the anti-hyperglycemic effect. Docking study revealed that such groups demonstrated favorable hydrophobic interactions with novel LBD Ω – pocket of PPARγ protein. Among the tested compounds, N-(6-chloro-5-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl-4-(4((3,5- dioxopyrazolidin-4-ylidene)methyl)phenoxy)butanamide) 5b was found to be the most potent compound and provided valuable insights to further develop novel hybrids as anti-hyperglycemic agents.6-Chlorobenzothiazol-2-ylamine(cas: 95-24-9Electric Literature of C7H5ClN2S) was used in this study.

6-Chlorobenzothiazol-2-ylamine(cas: 95-24-9) belongs to thiazoles. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities.Electric Literature of C7H5ClN2SThe thiazole ring has been identified as a central feature of numerous natural products, perhaps the most famous example of which is epothilone.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

The author of 《Application of three-phase partitioning to the purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase from antioxidant rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)》 were Yuzugullu Karakus, Yonca; Kahveci, Busra; Acemi, Arda; Kocak, Gulden. And the article was published in International Journal of Food Engineering in 2020. COA of Formula: C18H24N6O6S4 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) has been purified from the rosemary plant (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) through three-phase partitioning (TPP) and has been biochem. characterized. The optimized TPP consisted of 50% (w/v) ammonium sulfate and equal volumes of crude extract and tert-butanol prepared at pH 6.5 and room temperature Using this system, PPO was purified 14-fold, with 230% recovery of activity from the middle phase. The partitioned enzyme had a mol. mass of 53 kDa. The highest enzyme activity was detected at 30 °C and pH 7.0 against catechol. In substrate specificity tests, the enzyme displayed activity towards catechol, 4-methylcatechol, caffeic acid, hydroquinone, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), pyrogallol, syringaldezine, and 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine but no activity towards L-tyrosine. The enzyme was inhibited by the common PPO inhibitors; salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and the organic solvent DMSO (DMSO). Enzyme activity increased in the presence of the organic solvents acetone, ethanol, and methanol.ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0COA of Formula: C18H24N6O6S4) was used in this study.

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Amines can be classified according to the nature and number of substituents on nitrogen. Aliphatic amines contain only H and alkyl substituents. Aromatic amines have the nitrogen atom connected to an aromatic ring.Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline. Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called amines, such as monochloramine (NClH2).COA of Formula: C18H24N6O6S4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

The author of 《Synthesis, characterization & pharmacological activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (Z)-1(benzo[d]thiazole-2-yl)(1-subsituted phenylidene) hydrazine containing benzothiazole》 were Kmari, Sangeeta; Gupta, Sujeet Kumar; Kumar, Sandeep. And the article was published in World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2021. Formula: C7H5ClN2S The author mentioned the following in the article:

The present study shows effort to synthesize new triazole products I (R = 3-nitrol, 2,5-dihydroxy, 2-bromo-4-chloro, etc.) and measure them for anti-convulsion action through Maximal electrode shock attack method. First step, aniline and potassium thiocynate were synthesized and reacted through using bromine solution and glacial acetic acid formaylation and gave complex 6-chlorobenzo[d] thiazole-2-amine. The above compound 6-chlorobenzo[d] thiazole-2-amine was once responded by way of 6-chlorobenzo[d] thiazole-2-amine in the occurrence of ethylene glycol, and hydrazine hydrate to present 1-(6-chlorobenzo[d] thiazole-2yl) hydrazine (II). Complex II used to be allowable to reply with numerous substituted potassium thiocynate offers conforming triazole products. Triazole products II had been replied through acetophenone and giacial acetic acid and ethanol at reflux for 5h to afford complexes I. Last triazole (Z)-1-(benzo[d] thiazole-2-yl)-2-(1-subsituted phenylthylidene) hydrazine I, was synthesized from substituted acetophenone through the response with ethanol. Pharmacol. screening through an ear electrode prompted cutting-edge 51mA for 0.3 2d in electro-convulsiometer for anti-conversant activity. The synthesized compound Is used to be I. The complicated I (R = 4-methoxy, 4-hydroxy) was once set up to be maximum powerful complicated with associate to general medications phenytoin sodium. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 6-Chlorobenzothiazol-2-ylamine(cas: 95-24-9Formula: C7H5ClN2S)

6-Chlorobenzothiazol-2-ylamine(cas: 95-24-9) belongs to thiazoles. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities.Formula: C7H5ClN2STheir presence in peptides or their ability to bind proteins, DNA and RNA has led to many synthetic studies and new applications.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Application of 865660-15-7On June 1, 2017, Spiliotopoulos, Dimitrios; Zhu, Jian; Wamhoff, Eike-Christian; Deerain, Nicholas; Marchand, Jean-Remy; Aretz, Jonas; Rademacher, Christoph; Caflisch, Amedeo published an article in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. The article was 《Virtual screen to NMR (VS2NMR): Discovery of fragment hits for the CBP bromodomain》. The article mentions the following:

Overexpression of the CREB-binding protein (CBP), a bromodomain-containing transcription coactivator involved in a variety of cellular processes, has been observed in several types of cancer with a correlation to aggressiveness. The authors have screened a library of nearly 1500 fragments by high-throughput docking into the CBP bromodomain followed by binding energy evaluation using a force field with electrostatic solvation. Twenty of the 39 fragments selected by virtual screening are pos. in one or more ligand-observed NMR experiments Four crystal structures of the CBP bromodomain in complex with in silico screening hits validate the pose predicted by docking. Thus, the success ratio of the high-throughput docking procedure is 50% or 10% if one considers the validation by ligand-observed NMR spectroscopy or x-ray crystallog., resp. Compounds 1 and 3 show favorable ligand efficiency in two different in vitro binding assays. The structure of the CBP bromodomain in the complex with the brominated pyrrole 1 suggests fragment growing by Suzuki coupling. In the experiment, the researchers used 2-(2-Chlorothiazol-5-yl)acetonitrile(cas: 865660-15-7Application of 865660-15-7)

2-(2-Chlorothiazol-5-yl)acetonitrile(cas: 865660-15-7) is a member of organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. They are generally not present in crude oils and are typically the result of additives, cleaning solutions or chemicals used for oil recovery.Application of 865660-15-7

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

The author of 《Synthesis and biological evaluation of some newly synthesized thiazolo-pyrimido-pyrimidobenzothiazoles》 were Pawde, A. V.; Kadam, D. B.; Vartale, S. P.. And the article was published in European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2021. Product Details of 95-24-9 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Condensation of 2-amino-5-methylthiazole with bis(methylthio)methylene malononitrile give 6-cyano-5-imino-2-methyl-7-(methylthio)-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine. Which on further condensation with various 2-amino-substituted benzothiazoles yield 12, 13-diimino-9-methyl- thiazolo[2,3-a]-4H-pyrimido[4,5-d]-4H-pyrimido[2,1-b]benzothiazoles I (R1 = H, Cl; R2 = H, Me, OMe, F, Cl, NO2; R3 = H, Me). Some of the newly synthesized compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Chlorobenzothiazol-2-ylamine(cas: 95-24-9Product Details of 95-24-9)

6-Chlorobenzothiazol-2-ylamine(cas: 95-24-9) belongs to thiazoles. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities.Product Details of 95-24-9Their presence in peptides or their ability to bind proteins, DNA and RNA has led to many synthetic studies and new applications.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

In 2021,International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research included an article by Vikram, V.; Kishore, P. Ram; Kalaiyarasan, A.; Hariram, N.. Quality Control of ABTS Diammonium. The article was titled 《Protein profiling and isolation of bioactive hydrolysates with antioxidant activity from stem callus tissue of tinospora cordifolia (willd.) miers exposed to cyclodextrin》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

This study is aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of cyclodextrin, an auxin stabilizing agent, on callus growth from the stem explants of Tinospora cordifolia and to assess the antioxidant properties of the bioactive hydrolyzates of callus tissue using chymotrypsin, trypsin, pepsin, and papain. Cyclodextrin exerted a dose- and time-dependent effect on the callus growth. α-Chymotrypsin hydrolyzate showed the strongest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging, while trypsin hydrolyzate exhibited the highest 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) activity. Protein profiling of callus tissue revealed a few tissue-specific bands at 41, 30, 20, and 9 kDa with varying intensities. A growth medium containing sucrose has a specific impact on the expression of these polypeptides. Purification of 30 kDa polypeptide by Sephadex-G50 revealed distinct quant. differences to different concentrations of cyclodextrin. This study suggested that T.cordifolia callus tissue protein hydrolyzates exhibited antioxidant efficacy, leading to the development of a nutraceutical agent in promoting health. The experimental process involved the reaction of ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Quality Control of ABTS Diammonium)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. To avoid the problem of multiple alkylation, methods have been devised for “blocking” substitution so that only one alkyl group is introduced. The Gabriel synthesis is one such method; it utilizes phthalimide, C6H4(CO)2NH, whose one acidic hydrogen atom has been removed upon the addition of a base such as KOH to form a salt.Quality Control of ABTS Diammonium

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Quality Control of ABTS DiammoniumOn October 15, 2019 ,《Development of antimicrobial and antioxidant electrospun soluble potato starch nanofibers loaded with carvacrol》 was published in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. The article was written by Fonseca, Laura Martins; Cruxen, Claudio Eduardo dos Santos; Bruni, Graziella Pinheiro; Fiorentini, Angela Maria; Zavareze, Elessandra da Rosa; Lim, Loong-Tak; Dias, Alvaro Renato Guerra. The article contains the following contents:

In this study, a method was developed to encapsulated carvacrol in nanofibers from soluble potato starch. The carvacrol was added in starch solutions at various concentrations (0, 20, 30 and 40% volume/volume) and electrospun into fibers. The morphol., size distribution, thermal stability, FT-IR spectra, relative crystallinity (RC) and antioxidant of the electrospun fibers were analyzed. For mech. properties and antimicrobial activities evaluation electrospun nonwovens were obtain. The carvacrol-loaded nanofibers showed homogeneous morphol. and average diameters ranging from 73 to 95 nm. The carvacrol encapsulated in the nanofibers had greater thermal stability than the free carvacrol. FT-IR anal. showed interactions between starch and carvacrol. The RC of the nanofibers was approx. 40%. The electrospun nonwovens mech. properties did not present significant differences (p < 0.05). The 40% carvacrol-loaded nanofibers exhibited higher antioxidant activity with 83.1% of inhibition. The electrospun nonwoven loaded with 30% carvacrol resulted in 89.0% reduction of Listeria monocytogenes, 68.0% for Salmonella Typhimurium, 62.0% for Escherichia coli and 49.0% for Staphylococcus aureus. These electrospun nonwovens sustained antimicrobial activity for at least 30 days against S. aureus. The starch nanofibers are promising materials for application as a vehicle for carvacrol release in antimicrobial and antioxidant food packages. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Quality Control of ABTS Diammonium)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Many important products require amines as part of their syntheses. Methylamine is utilized in the production of the analgesic meperidine (trade name Demerol) and the photographic developer Metol (trademark), and dimethylamine is used in the synthesis of the antihistamine diphenhydramine (trade name Benadryl), the solvent dimethylformamide (DMF), and the rocket propellant 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. The synthesis of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) incorporates diethylamine while that of the synthetic fibre Kevlar requires aromatic amines.Quality Control of ABTS Diammonium

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

In 2019,Journal of Food and Nutrition Research (Bratislava, Slovakia) included an article by Godocikova, Lucia; Ivanisova, Eva; Noguera-Artiaga, Luis; Carbonell-Barrachina, Angel A.; Kacaniova, Miroslava. Reference of ABTS Diammonium. The article was titled 《Biological activity, antioxidant capacity and volatile profile of enriched Slovak chocolates》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Different kinds and types of chocolates produced in Slovakia with various fruit and nut enrichments were analyzed regarding total polyphenols, flavonoids and phenolic acids contents using spectrophotometric methods and their volatile profile was analyzed using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. The method with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing power method (FRAP) were used to measure antioxidant activity. Plain dark chocolate without any enrichment made by a traditional process contained the highest number of total polyphenols and phenolic acids and also had the highest antioxidant activity. Pos. correlation was observed between antioxidant activity and total contents of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and phenolic acids. The enrichment with different kinds of fruits did not increase the number of bioactive compounds or antioxidant capacity of chocolates but created more attractive sensory profiles due to the presence of new volatile compounds In the experimental materials used by the author, we found ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Reference of ABTS Diammonium)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Amines characteristically form salts with acids; a hydrogen ion, H+, adds to the nitrogen. With the strong mineral acids (e.g., H2SO4, HNO3, and HCl), the reaction is vigorous. Salt formation is instantly reversed by strong bases such as NaOH. Neutral electrophiles (compounds attracted to regions of negative charge) also react with amines; alkyl halides (R′X) and analogous alkylating agents are important examples of electrophilic reagents.Reference of ABTS Diammonium

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Safety of ABTS DiammoniumOn May 15, 2021 ,《Excited state electronic structures and photochemistry of different oxidation states of 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)》 appeared in Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. The author of the article were Ji, Feixiang; Guo, Yurong; Wang, Mengqi; Wu, Zibo; Shi, Yanan; Zhao, Xiaoying; Wang, Haiyuan; Feng, Xia; Zhao, Guangjiu. The article conveys some information:

The mol. structures of 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), were calculated by using time-dependent d. functional theory (TDDFT) model with M062X method with 6-311G (d, p) basis set. In this work, the ABTS were theor. investigated from the geometric structure, the energy levels of the LUMO (LUMO) and the HOMO (HOMO), the energy level gap ΔEHOMO-LUMO of the mol. ground state, excited stated properties and the electronic absorption spectra of different oxidation states. We studied the energy levels of LUMO and HOMO of ABTS in different oxidation states. Frontier MO anal. can provide insight into the nature of excited states. ABTS was synthesized from N-ethylaniline by total synthesis. Then, we measured the UV-Vis spectra of ABTS before and after being oxidized by K2S2O8. The calculated electronic structures and photochem. properties of different oxidation state of ABTS were in accordance with the exptl. result. This work demonstrates the relationship between the electronic structures and photochem. of different oxidation states ABTS hence paves the way for the rationally synthesis and deepen understanding of the photophys. properties of ABTS materials. After reading the article, we found that the author used ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Safety of ABTS Diammonium)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. In organic chemistry, amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are formally derivatives of ammonia (NH3), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group (these may respectively be called alkylamines and arylamines; amines in which both types of substituent are attached to one nitrogen atom may be called alkylarylamines).Safety of ABTS Diammonium

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica