Viviani, Vadim R.; Bevilaqua, Vanessa R.; de Souza, Daniel R.; Pelentir, Gabriel F.; Kakiuchi, Michio; Hirano, Takashi published the artcile< A very bright far-red bioluminescence emitting combination based on engineered railroad worm luciferase and 6′-amino-analogs for bioimaging purposes>, COA of Formula: C11H8N2O3S2, the main research area is far red bioluminescence emitting luciferase amino analog bioimaging; Far-Red bioluminescence; NIR bioluminescence; bioimaging; biophotonics; luciferin amino-analogs.
Beetle luciferases produce bioluminescence (BL) colors ranging from green to red, having been extensively used for many bioanal. purposes, including bioimaging of pathogen infections and metastasis proliferation in living animal models and cell culture. For bioimaging purposes in mammalian tissues, red bioluminescence is preferred, due to the lower self-absorption of light at longer wavelengths by Hb, myoglobin and melanin. Red bioluminescence is naturally produced only by Phrixothrix hirtus railroad worm luciferase (PxRE), and by some engineered beetle luciferases. However, Far-Red (FR) and Near-IR (NIR) bioluminescence is best suited for bioimaging in mammalian tissues due to its higher penetrability. Although some FR and NIR emitting luciferin analogs have been already developed, they usually emit much lower bioluminescence activity when compared to the original luciferin-luciferases. Using site-directed mutagenesis of PxRE luciferase in combination with 6′-modified amino-luciferin analogs, we finally selected novel FR combinations displaying BL ranging from 636-655 nm. Among them, the combination of PxRE-R215K mutant with 6′-(1-pyrrolidinyl)luciferin proved to be the best combination, displaying the highest BL activity with a catalytic efficiency ~2.5 times higher than the combination with native firefly luciferin, producing the second most FR-shifted bioluminescence (650 nm), being several orders of magnitude brighter than com. AkaLumine with firefly luciferase. Such combination also showed higher thermostability, slower BL decay time and better penetrability across bacterial cell membranes, resulting in ~3 times higher in vivo BL activity in bacterial cells than with firefly luciferin. Overall, this is the brightest FR emitting combination ever reported, and is very promising for bioimaging purposes in mammalian tissues.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Biological imaging. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, COA of Formula: C11H8N2O3S2.
Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica