Month: October 2022

Martin-Burgos, Blanca; Wang, Wanqi; William, Ivana; Tir, Selma; Mohammad, Innus; Javed, Reja; Smith, Stormi; Cui, Yilin; Arzavala, Jessica; Mora, Dalilah; Smith, Ciearra B.; van der Vinne, Vincent; Molyneux, Penny C.; Miller, Stephen C.; Weaver, David R.; Leise, Tanya L.; Harrington, Mary E. published the artcile< Methods for detecting PER2:LUCIFERASE bioluminescence rhythms in freely moving mice>, Quality Control of 2591-17-5, the main research area is circadian rhythm bioluminescence gene expression photomultiplier tube; CycLuc1; PERIOD2; bioluminescence; circadian; in vivo; luciferase; peripheral oscillators; reporter gene.

Circadian rhythms are driven by daily oscillations of gene expression. An important tool for studying cellular and tissue circadian rhythms is the use of a gene reporter, such as bioluminescence from the reporter gene luciferase controlled by a rhythmically expressed gene of interest. Here we describe methods that allow measurement of circadian bioluminescence from a freely moving mouse housed in a standard cage. Using a LumiCycle In Vivo (Actimetrics), we determined conditions that allow detection of circadian rhythms of bioluminescence from the PER2 reporter, PER2::LUC, in freely behaving mice. The LumiCycle In Vivo applies a background subtraction that corrects for effects of room temperature on photomultiplier tube (PMT) output. We tested delivery of d-luciferin via a s.c. minipump and in the drinking water. We demonstrate spikes in bioluminescence associated with drinking bouts. Further, we demonstrate that a synthetic luciferase substrate, CycLuc1, can support circadian rhythms of bioluminescence, even when delivered at a lower concentration than d-luciferin, and can support longer-term studies. A small difference in phase of the PER2::LUC bioluminescence rhythms, with females phase leading males, can be detected with this technique. We share our anal. scripts and suggestions for further improvements in this method. This approach will be straightforward to apply to mice with tissue-specific reporters, allowing insights into responses of specific peripheral clocks to perturbations such as environmental or pharmacol. manipulations.

Journal of Biological Rhythms published new progress about Biological oscillations. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Quality Control of 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Dessi, Alessio; Calamante, Massimo; Mordini, Alessandro; Zani, Lorenzo; Taddei, Maurizio; Reginato, Gianna published the artcile< Microwave-activated synthesis of thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazoles by a condensation/oxidation sequence>, Name: Thiazole-5-carboxyaldehyde, the main research area is thiazolothiazole microwave preparation condensation oxidation.

A microwave-assisted preparation of sym. thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazoles from the corresponding aldehydes is presented. The two-step reaction sequence comprises the condensation of aldehydes with dithiooxamide followed by oxidation/aromatization with 1,4-benzoquinone derivatives The new procedure provides the desired products in good yields and in most cases allows reduction of the excess of aldehyde employed in the process compared to previous methodologies. For the first time, application of the reaction both on aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes is demonstrated.

RSC Advances published new progress about Aliphatic aldehydes Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 1003-32-3 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C4H3NOS, Name: Thiazole-5-carboxyaldehyde.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Pardon, Els; Betti, Cecilia; Laeremans, Toon; Chevillard, Florent; Guillemyn, Karel; Kolb, Peter; Ballet, Steven; Steyaert, Jan published the artcile< Nanobody-Enabled Reverse Pharmacology on G-Protein-Coupled Receptors>, Safety of 4-(Thiazol-2-yl)benzaldehyde, the main research area is nanobody beta2 adrenoreceptor fusion G protein coupled receptor agonist; GPCRs; drug discovery; fragment screening; inhibitors; nanobodies.

The conformational complexity of transmembrane signaling of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a central hurdle for the design of screens for receptor agonists. In their basal states, GPCRs have lower affinities for agonists compared to their G-protein-bound active state conformations. Moreover, different agonists can stabilize distinct active receptor conformations and do not uniformly activate all cellular signaling pathways linked to a given receptor (agonist bias). Comparative fragment screens were performed on a β2-adrenoreceptor-nanobody fusion locked in its active-state conformation by a G-protein-mimicking nanobody, and the same receptor in its basal-state conformation. This simple biophys. assay allowed the identification and ranking of multiple novel agonists and permitted classification of the efficacy of each hit in agonist, antagonist, or inverse agonist categories, thereby opening doors to nanobody-enabled reverse pharmacol.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about Chimeric fusion proteins Role: BPN (Biosynthetic Preparation), BUU (Biological Use, Unclassified), PRP (Properties), BIOL (Biological Study), PREP (Preparation), USES (Uses) (β2-adrenoceptors-nanobody). 198904-53-9 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C10H7NOS, Safety of 4-(Thiazol-2-yl)benzaldehyde.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Vilaboa, Nuria; Bore, Alba; Martin-Saavedra, Francisco; Bayford, Melanie; Winfield, Natalie; Firth-Clark, Stuart; Kirton, Stewart B.; Voellmy, Richard published the artcile< New inhibitor targeting human transcription factor HSF1: effects on the heat shock response and tumor cell survival>, Recommanded Product: 4-Cyclopropylthiazol-2-amine, the main research area is human transcription factor HSF1 inhibitor preparation heat shock antitumor.

Comparative modeling of the DNA-binding domain of human HSF1 facilitated the prediction of possible binding pockets for small mols. and definition of corresponding pharmacophores. In silico screening of a large library of lead-like compounds identified a set of compounds that satisfied the pharmacophoric criteria, a selection of which compounds was purchased to populate a biased sublibrary. A discriminating cell-based screening assay identified compound 001, which was subjected to systematic anal. of structure-activity relationships, resulting in the development of compound 115 (IHSF115). IHSF115 bound to an isolated HSF1 DNA binding domain fragment. The compound did not affect heat-induced oligomerization, nuclear localization and specific DNA binding but inhibited the transcriptional activity of human HSF1, interfering with the assembly of ATF1-containing transcription complexes. IHSF115 was employed to probe the human heat shock response at the transcriptome level. In contrast to earlier studies of differential regulation in HSF1-naive and -depleted cells, the authors’ results suggest that a large majority of heat-induced genes is pos. regulated by HSF1. That IHSF115 effectively countermanded repression in a significant fraction of heat-repressed genes suggests that repression of these genes is mediated by transcriptionally active HSF1. IHSF115 is cytotoxic for a variety of human cancer cell lines, multiple myeloma lines consistently exhibiting high sensitivity.

Nucleic Acids Research published new progress about Activating transcription factor 1 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 324579-90-0 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C6H8N2S, Recommanded Product: 4-Cyclopropylthiazol-2-amine.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Koohgard, Mehdi; Hosseinpour, Zeinab; Sarvestani, Abdollah Masoudi; Hosseini-Sarvari, Mona published the artcile< ARS-TiO2 photocatalyzed direct functionalization of sp2 C-H bonds toward thiocyanation and cyclization reactions under visible light>, Quality Control of 57493-24-0, the main research area is thiocyanation cyclization visible light ARS photocatalyst regioselective.

An ARS-TiO2 photocatalyst has been prepared by a simple method through stirring a mixture of ARS and TiO2 at room temperature in the dark to extend the photocatalytic response of titanium dioxide toward the visible light spectrum. The synergic effect of ARS and TiO2 in the photocatalyst system has catalyzed direct C-H functionalization of sp2 C-H bonds toward thiocyanation and cyclization reactions. Several aromatic and heteroaromatic scaffolds (2-phenylamino-thiazoles I (R = H, 2-Cl, 4-Ph, etc.), phenols R1OH (R1 = Ph, 3-ethylphenyl, 2-formylphenyl, etc.), anilines R2C6H4N(R3)(R4) (R2 = 2-Me, 3-Cl, 3-OMe, etc.; R3 = H, Me, Et, Ph; R4 = H, Me, Et), indoles II (R5 = H, Me; R6 = H, Me; R7 = H, 5-MeO, 6-methoxycarbonyl, 5-Br, 5-Me) and pyrroles such as 1H-pyrrole and 1-methyl-1H-pyrrole) were treated with the ammonium thiocyanate at room temperature Thiocyanation of phenol and synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives III (R8 = Me, I, prop-1-en-2-yl, etc.) under visible light are presented.

Catalysis Science & Technology published new progress about Anilines Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 57493-24-0 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C9H7N3O2S, Quality Control of 57493-24-0.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Luescher, Michael U.; Bode, Jeffrey W. published the artcile< Catalytic Synthesis of N-Unprotected Piperazines, Morpholines, and Thiomorpholines from Aldehydes and SnAP Reagents>, Reference of 1003-32-3, the main research area is SnAP reagent aldehyde copper PhBox catalyst heterocyclization; piperazine morpholine thiomorpholine preparation; SnAP reagents; aldehydes; cross-coupling; homogeneous catalysis; nitrogen heterocycles.

Com. available SnAP (stannyl amine protocol) reagents allow the transformation of aldehydes and ketones into a variety of N-unprotected heterocycles, i.e. I. By identifying new ligands and reaction conditions, a robust catalytic variant that expands the substrate scope to previously inaccessible heteroaromatic substrates and new substitution patterns was realized. It also establishes the basis for a catalytic enantioselective process through the use of chiral ligands.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about Aromatic imines Role: RCT (Reactant), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), RACT (Reactant or Reagent), PREP (Preparation). 1003-32-3 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C4H3NOS, Reference of 1003-32-3.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Doughty, Michael B.; Risinger, G. E. published the artcile< The chemistry of thiamin: studies on the dimerization of thiazolium salts>, Quality Control of 20582-55-2, the main research area is dimerization thiazolium salt; thiamin dimer.

Dimerization chem. of thiazolium salts is reported. Thiazolium salts with electron-withdrawing substituents, such as 3,4-dimethyl-5-ethoxycarbonylthiazolium iodide, yield acid- and oxygen-sensitive ethylenic dimers under conditions originally used to detect the dimerization of 3-methylbenzothiazolium iodide. The 5-ethoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-3-phenylmethylthiazolium and 5-(2-O-triphenylmethylhydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-3-phenylmethylthiazolium bromides yield stale rearranged dimers, rather than the labile ethylenic dimers, under identical conditions. 4-Methyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-phenylmethylthiazolium bromide and thiamin hydrochloride yield rearranged dimers which were isolated as their N,O-ketal derivatives when these salts were heated in aprotic solution in the presence of DBN and K2CO3, resp. Rearranged dimers of these thiazolium salts are produced via a mechanism involving 1,3-sigmatropic rearrangement of intermediate ethylenic dimers. This dimerization chem. demonstrates the nucleophilic carbene nature of C-2 deprotonated thiazolium salts in aprotic basic solution

Bioorganic Chemistry published new progress about Dimerization. 20582-55-2 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C7H9NO2S, Quality Control of 20582-55-2.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Munive, Laura; Rivas, Veronica M.; Ortiz, Aurelio; Olivo, Horacio F. published the artcile< Oxazolidine-2-thiones and Thiazolidine-2-thiones as Nucleophiles in Intermolecular Michael Additions>, Reference of 171877-39-7, the main research area is thiazolidinethione crotonylthiazolidinethione stereoselective Michael addition; oxazolidinethione crotonyloxazolidinethione stereoselective Michael addition.

Conjugate addition of thiazolidinethiones and oxazolidinethiones to N-crotonylthiazolidinethiones and -oxazolidinethiones was observed in the presence of excess triethylamine in dichloromethane. The addition takes place by the nitrogen of the heterocycle with high diastereoselectivity. It was observed that the stereoselective addition occurs on the anti-s-cis conformation of the N-enoyl sulfur-containing heterocycle.

Organic Letters published new progress about Amino amides Role: SPN (Synthetic Preparation), PREP (Preparation). 171877-39-7 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C10H11NS2, Reference of 171877-39-7.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Weber, Rebecca Z.; Bodenmann, Chantal; Uhr, Daniela; Zurcher, Kathrin J.; Wanner, Debora; Generali, Melanie; Nitsch, Roger M.; Rust, Ruslan; Tackenberg, Christian published the artcile< Intracerebral transplantation and in vivo bioluminescence tracking of human neural progenitor cells in the mouse brain>, Related Products of 2591-17-5, the main research area is human neural progenitor cell brain intracerebral transplantation bioluminescence tracking.

Cell therapy has long been an emerging treatment paradigm in exptl. neurobiol. However, cell transplantation studies often rely on end-point measurements and can therefore only evaluate longitudinal changes of cell migration and survival to a limited extent. This paper provides a reliable, minimally invasive protocol to transplant and longitudinally track neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the adult mouse brain. Before transplantation, cells are transduced with a lentiviral vector comprising a bioluminescent (firefly-luciferase) and fluorescent (green fluorescent protein [GFP]) reporter. The NPCs are transplanted into the right cortical hemisphere using stereotaxic injections in the sensorimotor cortex. Following transplantation, grafted cells were detected through the intact skull for up to five weeks (at days 0, 3, 14, 21, 35) with a resolution limit of 6,000 cells using in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Subsequently, the transplanted cells are identified in histol. brain sections and further characterized with immunofluorescence. Thus, this protocol provides a valuable tool to transplant, track, quantify, and characterize cells in the mouse brain.

Journal of Visualized Experiments published new progress about Animal tissue. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Related Products of 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Kjaer, Christina; Bull, James N.; Carrascosa, Eduardo; Nielsen, Steen Broendsted; Bieske, Evan J. published the artcile< Action spectroscopy of isomer-selected luciferin anions>, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-(6-Hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, the main research area is phenolate luciferin electrospray ionization laser spectroscopy.

Luciferin mols. are common luminophores found throughout the biol. kingdoms. Here, electrospray ionization and tandem ion mobility spectrometry coupled with laser spectroscopy are used to demonstrate that D-luciferin and oxyluciferin deprotonated anions can be produced in two isomeric forms, which can be separated by virtue of their different collision cross sections with a buffer gas. The two isomers possess distinguishable but partially overlapping photodepletion action spectra over the visible range, implying distinct intrinsic absorption profiles. The site of deprotonation and tautomeric forms of the electrosprayed isomers are assigned through comparisons between exptl. and calculated collision cross sections and electronic excitation energies. The study clearly shows that electrospray ionization of biochromophore mols. can generate multiple isomeric forms with distinct electronic spectra. Graphic Abstract: [graphic not available: see fulltext].

European Physical Journal D: Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics published new progress about Electronic spectra. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-(6-Hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica