Autophagy modulation alleviates cryoinjury in murine spermatogonial stem cell cryopreservation was written by Jung, Sang-Eun;Ahn, Jin Seop;Kim, Yong-Hee;Oh, Hui-Jo;Kim, Bang-Jin;Kim, Sun-Uk;Ryu, Buom-Yong. And the article was included in Andrology in 2022.Computed Properties of C16H19BrN2OS The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Background : Cryopreservation can expand the usefulness of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in various fields. However, previous investigations that have attempted to modulate cryoinjury-induced mechanisms to increase cryoprotective efficiency have mainly focused on apoptosis and necrosis. Objectives : This study aimed to establish an effective mol.-based cryoprotectant for SSC cryopreservation via autophagy modulation. Materials and methods : To determine the efficacy of autophagy modulation, we assessed the recovery rate and relative proliferation rate and performed western blotting for the determination of autophagy flux, immunocytochem. and real-time quant. polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for SSC characterization, and spermatogonial transplantation for in vivo SSC functional activity. Results : The results showed that a basal level of autophagy caused a higher relative proliferation rate (pifithrin-μ 0.01 μM, 184.2 ± 11.2; 3-methyladenine 0.01 μM, 175.3 ± 10.3; pifithrin-μ 0.01 μM + 3-methyladenine 0.01 μM, P3, 224.6 ± 22.3) than the DMSO control (100 ± 6.2). All treatment groups exhibited normal characteristics, suggesting that these modulators could be used as effective cryoprotectants without changing the properties of the undifferentiated germ cells. According to the results of the in vivo spermatogonial transplantation assay, the colonies per total number of cultured SSCs was significantly higher in the pifithrin-μ 0.01 μM (1596.7 ± 172.5 colonies), 3-methyladenine 0.01 μM (1522.1 ± 179.2 colonies), and P3 (1727.5 ± 196.5 colonies) treatment groups than in the DMSO control (842.8 ± 110.08 colonies), which was comparable to that of the fresh control (1882.1 ± 132.1 colonies). Discussion : A basal level of autophagy is more essential for resilience in frozen SSCs after thawing, rather than the excessive activation or inhibition of autophagy. Conclusion : A basal level of autophagy plays a critical role in the pro-survival response of frozen SSCs after thawing; herein, a new approach by which SSC cryoprotective efficiency can be improved was identified. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2Computed Properties of C16H19BrN2OS).
2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole is a five-membered, unsaturated, planar, π-excessive heteroaromatic containing one sulfur atom and one pyridine-type nitrogen atom at position 3 of the cyclic ring system.Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. For example, 2,4-dimethylthiazole is synthesized from thioacetamide and chloroacetone.Computed Properties of C16H19BrN2OS
Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica