Day: November 23, 2022

Synthesis and Evaluation of 4-Halogeno-N-[4-[6-(isopropylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-N-[¹¹C]methylbenzamide for Imaging of Metabotropic Glutamate 1 Receptor in Melanoma was written by Fujinaga, Masayuki;Xie, Lin;Yamasaki, Tomoteru;Yui, Joji;Shimoda, Yoko;Hatori, Akiko;Kumata, Katsushi;Zhang, Yiding;Nengaki, Nobuki;Kawamura, Kazunori;Zhang, Ming-Rong. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2015.Category: thiazole The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Isopropylaminopyrimidinylthiazolyl halobenzamides I (R = H, Me; R¹ = Cl, Br, I) were prepared as inhibitors of metabotropic glutamate 1 (mGlu1) receptors for potential use in the treatment of melanoma; I (R = ¹¹CH₃; R¹ = Cl, Br, I) were prepared and tested as PET imaging agents for mGlu1-containing melanomas with decreased affinities for concentration in brain tissue. I (R = Me; R¹ = Cl, Br, I) bound to mGlu1 with K_i values of 22-143 nM. In vivo biodistribution studies of I (R = ¹¹CH₃; R¹ = Cl, Br, I) in mice implanted with B16F10 melanoma cells confirmed high radioactive uptake in tumor and low uptake in blood, skin, and muscles; inhibition of mGlu1 receptor using an mGlu1-selective ligand led to reduced radioactive uptake in the tumor. I (R = ¹¹CH₃; R¹ = I) displayed the highest ratio of uptake between tumor and nontarget tissue and may prove useful as a PET tracer for mGlu1 imaging in melanoma. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-(6-Chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-N-methylthiazol-2-amine (cas: 932738-80-2Category: thiazole).

4-(6-Chloropyrimidin-4-yl)-N-methylthiazol-2-amine (cas: 932738-80-2) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles frequently appear in peptide studies. Thiazoles can also be used as protected formyl groups, which can be released in later stages of complex natural product synthesis. Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. Prominent is the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis is a reaction between haloketones and thioamides.Category: thiazole

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Nanoparticles based on polymers modified with pH-sensitive molecular switch and low molecular weight heparin carrying Celastrol and ferrocene for breast cancer treatment was written by Qian, Yun;Zhang, Jun;Xu, Rui;Li, Qiang;Shen, Qi;Zhu, Guofu. And the article was included in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules in 2021.Computed Properties of C20H18N2O2S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Triple neg. breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis is still one of the obstacles in clin. treatment, while highly-effective cancer drugs usually cannot be used for their hydrophobicity and comprehensive system toxicity. This study built a kind of pH-sensitive nanoparticles (PP/H NPs) constructed by poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) modified with β-cyclodextrin (PLGA-β-CD), polyethyleneimine grafted with benzimidazole (PEI-BM) and low mol. weight heparin (LMWH) to delivery Celastrol (Cela) and ferrocene (Fc) for breast cancer therapy. PLGA-β-CD and PEI-BM were synthesized by amidation reaction, the amphipathic polymer nanoparticles with 108.37 ± 1.02 nm were self-assembled in water. After PP/H NPs treatment, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) decreased by 91% compared with Cela, and ROS level was also elevated. PP/H NPs led to substantial tumor inhibiting rate (TIR, 65.86%), utilized LMWH to strengthen the anti-metastasis effect of PP/H NPs. PP/H NPs took advantage of exogenous chemotherapeutics and endogenous ROS to inhibit tumor growth, and combined with LMWH to hinder breast cancer metastasis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one (cas: 38215-36-0Computed Properties of C20H18N2O2S).

3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one (cas: 38215-36-0) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The higher aromaticity of thiazole is due to delocalization of a lone pair of sulfur electrons across the ring, which is evidenced by chemical shifts of ring hydrogen at δ 7.27 and 8.77 ppm (C2 and C4), indicating diamagnetic ring current. Thiazole sulfonation occurs only under forcing conditions: the action of oleum at 250 °C for 3 hours in the presence of mercury(II) sulfate leads to 65% formation of 5-thiazole sulfonic acid.Computed Properties of C20H18N2O2S

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Phenotypic and functional characteristics of a novel influenza virus hemagglutinin-specific memory NK cell was written by Zheng, Jian;Wen, Liyan;Yen, Hui-Ling;Liu, Ming;Liu, Yinping;Teng, Ooiean;Wu, Wing-Fung;Ni, Ke;Lam, Kowk-Tai;Huang, Chunyu;Yang, Jiashuang;Lau, Yu-Lung;Perlman, Stanley;Peiris, Malik;Tu, Wenwei. And the article was included in Journal of Virology in 2021.COA of Formula: C16H19BrN2OS The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Immune memory represents the most efficient defense against invasion and transmission of infectious pathogens. In contrast to memory T and B cells, the roles of innate immunity in recall responses remain inconclusive. In this study, we identified a novel mouse spleen NK cell subset expressing NKp46 and NKG2A induced by intranasal influenza virus infection. These memory NK cells specifically recognize N-linked glycosylation sites on influenza hemagglutinin (HA) protein. Different from memory-like NK cells reported previously, these NKp46+ NKG2A+ memory NK cells exhibited HA-specific silence of cytotoxicity but increase of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) response against influenza virus-infected cells, which could be reversed by pifithrin-μ, a p53-heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) signaling inhibitor. During recall responses, splenic NKp46+ NKG2A+ NK cells were recruited to infected lung and modulated viral clearance of virus and CD8+ T cell distribution, resulting in improved clin. outcomes. This long-lived NK memory bridges innate and adaptive immune memory response and promotes the homeostasis of local environment during recall response. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2COA of Formula: C16H19BrN2OS).

2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles frequently appear in peptide studies. Thiazoles can also be used as protected formyl groups, which can be released in later stages of complex natural product synthesis. Electrophilic attack at nitrogen depends on the presence of electron density at nitrogen as well as the position and nature of substituent linked to the thiazole ring.COA of Formula: C16H19BrN2OS

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel benzothiazole derivatives as potential anticonvulsant agents was written by Liu, Da-Chuan;Zhang, Hong-Jian;Jin, Chun-Mei;Quan, Zhe-Shan. And the article was included in Molecules in 2016.Quality Control of 6-Butoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine The following contents are mentioned in the article:

New benzothiazoles with a mercapto-triazole and other heterocycle substituents I (R = Pr, benzyl, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyl, etc.; R¹ = 1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio, 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 1H-imidazol-1-yl, 1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-1-yl) were synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity by using the maximal electroshock (MES), s.c. pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ), and rotarod neurotoxicity (TOX) tests. Among the compounds studied, compounds I (R = 3-fluorobenzyl, 4-fluorobenzyl; R¹ = 1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio) were the most potent, with an ED₅₀ value of 50.8 mg/kg and 54.8 mg/kg in the MES test and 76.0 mg/kg and 52.8 mg/kg in the scPTZ seizures test, resp. They also showed lower neurotoxicity and therefore a higher protective index. In particular, compound I (R = 4-fluorobenzyl; R¹ = 1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio) showed high protective index (PI) values of 8.96 in the MES test and 9.30 in the scPTZ test, which were better than those of the standard drugs used as pos. controls in this study. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 6-Butoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 14372-65-7Quality Control of 6-Butoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine).

6-Butoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 14372-65-7) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole rings are planar and aromatic. Thiazoles are characterized by larger pi-electron delocalization than the corresponding oxazoles and have therefore greater aromaticity. Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. Prominent is the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis is a reaction between haloketones and thioamides.Quality Control of 6-Butoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

P53 Regulates the Redox Status of Lung Endothelial Cells was written by Akhter, Mohammad S.;Uddin, Mohammad A.;Barabutis, Nektarios. And the article was included in Inflammation in 2020.Reference of 63208-82-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The anti-inflammatory activities of P53 in the vasculature have been associated with the enhancement of the endothelial barrier function. In the present study, we employed human and bovine lung endothelial cells, to investigate whether P53 expression levels affect the redox status of pulmonary cells. Moreover, we tested the possibility that those events affect the endothelial integrity of the lung microvascular monolayers. Our observations suggest that P53 suppression by LPS, pifithrin, or small interfering RNA increased the expression of the redox marker malondialdehyde. In contrast, P53 induction by Nutlin or the Hsp90 inhibitor AUY922 exerted the opposite effects, namely, suppressed that lipid oxidation marker. The direct measurement of the reactive oxygen species by 2,7-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate confirmed the antioxidant activity of P53 in the vasculature. Furthermore, the increased reactive oxygen species production due to P53 suppression was associated with lung hyperpermeability responses. In conclusion, P53 supports endothelial barrier function, at least in part, via the modulation of the reactive oxygen species. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2Reference of 63208-82-2).

2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The higher aromaticity of thiazole is due to delocalization of a lone pair of sulfur electrons across the ring, which is evidenced by chemical shifts of ring hydrogen at δ 7.27 and 8.77 ppm (C2 and C4), indicating diamagnetic ring current. There are numerous natural products that possess a thiazole ring with broad pharmacological activities. Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, possesses a thiazole ring linked with 2-methylpyrimidine-4-amine as hydrochloride salt.Reference of 63208-82-2

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

G-quadruplexes originating from evolutionary conserved L1 elements interfere with neuronal gene expression in Alzheimer’s disease was written by Hanna, Roy;Flamier, Anthony;Barabino, Andrea;Bernier, Gilbert. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2021.Electric Literature of C16H19BrN2OS The following contents are mentioned in the article:

DNA sequences containing consecutive guanines organized in 4-interspaced tandem repeats can form stable single-stranded secondary structures, called G-quadruplexes (G4). Herein, we report that the Polycomb group protein BMI1 is enriched at heterochromatin regions containing putative G4 DNA sequences, and that G4 structures accumulate in cells with reduced BMI1 expression and/or relaxed chromatin, including sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neurons. In AD neurons, G4 structures preferentially accumulate in lamina-associated domains, and this is rescued by re-establishing chromatin compaction. ChIP-seq analyses reveal that G4 peaks correspond to evolutionary conserved Long Interspersed Element-1 (L1) sequences predicted to be transcriptionally active. Hence, G4 structures co-localize with RNAPII, and inhibition of transcription can reverse the G4 phenotype without affecting chromatin’s state, thus uncoupling both components. Intragenic G4 structures affecting splicing events are furthermore associated with reduced neuronal gene expression in AD. Active L1 sequences are thus at the origin of most G4 structures observed in human neurons. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2Electric Literature of C16H19BrN2OS).

2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The thiazole ring is notable as a component of the vitamin thiamine (B1).Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. For example, 2,4-dimethylthiazole is synthesized from thioacetamide and chloroacetone.Electric Literature of C16H19BrN2OS

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Identification of neural oscillations and epileptiform changes in human brain organoids was written by Samarasinghe, Ranmal A.;Miranda, Osvaldo A.;Buth, Jessie E.;Mitchell, Simon;Ferando, Isabella;Watanabe, Momoko;Allison, Thomas F.;Kurdian, Arinnae;Fotion, Namie N.;Gandal, Michael J.;Golshani, Peyman;Plath, Kathrin;Lowry, William E.;Parent, Jack M.;Mody, Istvan;Novitch, Bennett G.. And the article was included in Nature Neuroscience in 2021.Electric Literature of C16H19BrN2OS The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Brain organoids represent a powerful tool for studying human neurol. diseases, particularly those that affect brain growth and structure. However, many diseases manifest with clear evidence of physiol. and network abnormality in the absence of anatomical changes, raising the question of whether organoids possess sufficient neural network complexity to model these conditions. Here, we explore the network-level functions of brain organoids using calcium sensor imaging and extracellular recording approaches that together reveal the existence of complex network dynamics reminiscent of intact brain preparations We demonstrate highly abnormal and epileptiform-like activity in organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells from individuals with Rett syndrome, accompanied by transcriptomic differences revealed by single-cell analyses. We also rescue key physiol. activities with an unconventional neuroregulatory drug, pifithrin-a. Together, these findings provide an essential foundation for the utilization of brain organoids to study intact and disordered human brain network formation and illustrate their utility in therapeutic discovery. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2Electric Literature of C16H19BrN2OS).

2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The thiazole ring has been identified as a central feature of numerous natural products, perhaps the most famous example of which is epothilone. Electrophilic attack at nitrogen depends on the presence of electron density at nitrogen as well as the position and nature of substituent linked to the thiazole ring.Electric Literature of C16H19BrN2OS

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Targeted apoptosis of macrophages and osteoclasts in arthritic joints is effective against advanced inflammatory arthritis was written by Deng, Caifeng;Zhang, Quan;He, Penghui;Zhou, Bin;He, Ke;Sun, Xun;Lei, Guanghua;Gong, Tao;Zhang, Zhirong. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2021.SDS of cas: 38215-36-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Insufficient apoptosis of inflammatory macrophages and osteoclasts (OCs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joints contributes toward the persistent progression of joint inflammation and destruction. Here, we deliver celastrol (CEL) to selectively induce apoptosis of OCs and macrophages in arthritic joints, with enzyme-responsive nanoparticles (termed PRNPs) composed of RGD modified nanoparticles (termed RNPs) covered with cleavable PEG chains. CEL-loaded PRNPs (CEL-PRNPs) dually target OCs and inflammatory macrophages derived from patients with RA via an RGD-αvβ3 integrin interaction after PEG cleavage by matrix metalloprotease 9, leading to increased apoptosis of these cells. In an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model, PRNPs have an arthritic joint-specific distribution and CEL-PRNPs efficiently reduce the number of OCs and inflammatory macrophages within these joints. Addnl., rats with advanced arthritis go into inflammatory remission with bone erosion repair and negligible side effects after CEL-PRNPs treatment. These findings indicate potential for targeting chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in the treatment of advanced inflammatory arthritis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one (cas: 38215-36-0SDS of cas: 38215-36-0).

3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one (cas: 38215-36-0) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities. Thiazole sulfonation occurs only under forcing conditions: the action of oleum at 250 °C for 3 hours in the presence of mercury(II) sulfate leads to 65% formation of 5-thiazole sulfonic acid.SDS of cas: 38215-36-0

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

From riluzole to dexpramipexole via substituted-benzothiazole derivatives for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease treatment: case studies was written by Mignani, Serge;Majoral, Jean-Pierre;Desaphy, Jean-Francois;Lentini, Giovanni. And the article was included in Molecules in 2020.Application of 63208-82-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A review. The 1,3-benzothiazole (BTZ) ring may offer a valid option for scaffold-hopping from indole derivatives Several BTZs have clin. relevant roles, mainly as CNS medicines and diagnostic agents, with riluzole being one of the most famous examples. Riluzole is currently the only approved drug to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but its efficacy is marginal. Several clin. studies have demonstrated only limited improvements in survival, without benefits to motor function in patients with ALS. Despite significant clin. trial efforts to understand the genetic, epigenetic, and mol. pathways linked to ALS pathophysiol., therapeutic translation has remained disappointingly slow, probably due to the complexity and the heterogeneity of this disease. Many other drugs to tackle ALS have been tested for 20 years without any success. Dexpramipexole is a BTZ structural analog of riluzole and was a great hope for the treatment of ALS. In this review, as an interesting case study in the development of a new medicine to treat ALS, we present the strategy of the development of dexpramipexole, which was one of the most promising drugs against ALS. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2Application of 63208-82-2).

2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The higher aromaticity of thiazole is due to delocalization of a lone pair of sulfur electrons across the ring, which is evidenced by chemical shifts of ring hydrogen at δ 7.27 and 8.77 ppm (C2 and C4), indicating diamagnetic ring current. Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. Prominent is the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis is a reaction between haloketones and thioamides.Application of 63208-82-2

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

p53 induces miR-199a-3p to suppress mechanistic target of rapamycin activation in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury was written by Yang, Aicheng;Liu, Fanna;Guan, Baozhang;Luo, Zhi;Lin, Jiehua;Fang, Wan;Liu, Longhui;Zuo, Wanli. And the article was included in Journal of Cellular Biochemistry in 2019.Quality Control of 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide The following contents are mentioned in the article:

How p53 participates in acute kidney injury (AKI) progress and what are the underlying mechanisms remain illusive. For this issue, it is important to probe into the role of p53 in cisplatin-induced AKI. We find that p53 was upregulated in cisplatin-induced AKI, yet, pifithrin-α inhibites the p53 expression to attenuated renal injury and cell apoptosis both in vivo cisplatin-induced AKI mice and in vitro HK-2 human renal tubular epithelial cells. To knock down p53 by siRNA significantly decreased the miRNA, miR-199a-3p, expression in HK-2 cells. Blockade of miR-199a-3p significantly reduced cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis and inhibited caspase-3 activity. Mechanistically, we identified that miR-199a-3p directly bound to mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) 3′-untranslated region and overexpressed miR-199a-3p reduce the expression and phosphorylation of mTOR. Furthermore, we demonstrated that p53 inhibited mTOR activation through activating miR-199a-3p. In conclusion, our findings reveal that p53, upregulating the expression of miR-199a-3p affects the progress of cisplatin-induced AKI, which might provide a promising therapeutic target of AKI. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2Quality Control of 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide).

2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole is a five-membered, unsaturated, planar, π-excessive heteroaromatic containing one sulfur atom and one pyridine-type nitrogen atom at position 3 of the cyclic ring system. The nitrogen in thiazole is sp2 hybridized and the lone pair of electrons localized on the nitrogen is less reactive due to increased aromatic character and decreased basicity. It is protonated and alkylated/acylated at nitrogen forming hydrochloride and quaternary thiazolium salt.Quality Control of 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica