The p53 inactivators pifithrin-μ and pifithrin-α mitigate TBI-induced neuronal damage through regulation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, autophagy and mitophagy was written by Yang, Ling-Yu;Greig, Nigel H.;Tweedie, David;Jung, Yoo Jin;Chiang, Yung-Hsiao;Hoffer, Barry J.;Miller, Jonathan P.;Chang, Ke-Hui;Wang, Jia-Yi. And the article was included in Experimental Neurology in 2020.Quality Control of 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide. We investigated whether inhibition of p53 using pifithrin (PFT)-α or PFT-μ provides neuroprotective effects via p53 transcriptional dependent or -independent mechanisms, resp. TBI-induced impairments were mitigated by both PFT-α and PFT-μ. Double immunofluorescence staining similarly demonstrated that PFT-μ significantly increased HO-1 pos. neurons and mRNA expression in the cortical contusion region as well as decreased numbers of 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE)-pos. cells. Levels of mRNA encoding for p53, autophagy, mitophagy, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory related genes and proteins were measured by RT-qPCR and immunohistochem. staining, resp. PFT-α, but not PFT-μ, significantly lowered p53 mRNA expression. Both PFT-α and PFT-μ lowered TBI-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) mRNA levels as well as TBI-induced autophagic marker localization (LC3 and p62). Finally, treatment with PFT-μ mitigated TBI-induced declines in mRNA levels of PINK-1 and SOD2. Our data suggest that both PFT-μ and PFT-α provide neuroprotective actions through regulation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, autophagy, and mitophagy mechanisms, and that PFT-μ, in particular, holds promise as a TBI treatment strategy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2Quality Control of 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide).
2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The thiazole ring has been identified as a central feature of numerous natural products, perhaps the most famous example of which is epothilone. The pyridine-type nitrogen in the thiazole ring deactivates the ring for electrophilic substitution reactions, which is further reduced in acid due to protonation of the thiazole ring.Quality Control of 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide
Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica