Day: December 6, 2022

Du, Hongying published the artcileClassification structure-activity relationship (CSAR) studies for prediction of genotoxicity of thiophene derivatives, Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole, the publication is Toxicology Letters (2008), 177(1), 10-19, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The grid search support vector machine (GS-SVM) was used to build a classification structure-activity relationship (CSAR) model and to predict the genotoxicity property of 140 thiophene derivatives with the information derived from the compounds’ mol. structures. The seven descriptors selected by linear discriminant anal. (LDA) were used as the inputs to develop the GS-SVM model. Using the Grid Search method, a satisfactory model with a good predictive capability was obtained. The quality of the models was evaluated by the number of right classified compounds The total accuracy of the LDA model was 81.4% and 85.2% for the training set and test set, resp., and to the GS-SVM model was 92.9% and 92.6%, resp. It was proved that the GS-SVM method was a very useful modeling approach with good classification ability for the genotoxicity of the thiophene derivatives This work also provides a new idea and an alternative method to investigate the genotoxicity of the similar structures with thiophene derivatives, and can be extended to other toxicity studies.

Toxicology Letters published new progress about 92-36-4. 92-36-4 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Organic Pigment, name is 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole, and the molecular formula is C14H12N2S, Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Wang, Lu published the artcileFacile syntheses of 3-trifluoromethylthio substituted thioflavones and benzothiophenes via the radical cyclization, Synthetic Route of 95-24-9, the publication is Chinese Chemical Letters (2021), 32(1), 389-392, database is CAplus.

The 3-CF₃S substituted thioflavones I (R¹ = C₆H₅, 4-ClC₆H₄, 2-thienyl, etc.; R² = Br) and benzothiophenes II (R³ = C₆H₅, 4-FC₆H₄, 2-thienyl, etc.; R⁴ = 6-Me, 6-Cl, 4,6-(Cl)2, etc.) were achieved via the reactions of AgSCF₃ with methylthiolated alkynones 2-(SMe)-5-BrC₆H₃C(O)CCR¹ and alkynylthioanisoles, R⁵CCR³ (R⁵ = 4-chloro-2-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl, 5-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl, 2,4-difluoro-6-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl, etc.) resp., promoted by persulfate. This protocol possesses good functional group tolerance and high yields. Mechanistic studies suggested that a classic two-step radical process involves addition of CF₃S radical to triple bond and cyclization with SMe moiety.

Chinese Chemical Letters published new progress about 95-24-9. 95-24-9 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Organic Pigment, name is 6-Chlorobenzothiazol-2-ylamine, and the molecular formula is C16H14O6, Synthetic Route of 95-24-9.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Xu, Wenqing published the artcileRedox Properties of Pyrogenic Dissolved Organic Matter (pyDOM) from Biomass-Derived Chars, Category: thiazole, the publication is Environmental Science & Technology (2021), 55(16), 11434-11444, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Chars are ubiquitous in the environment and release significant amounts of redox-active pyrogenic dissolved organic matter (pyDOM). Yet, the redox properties of pyDOM remain poorly characterized. This work provides a systematic assessment of the quantity and redox properties of pyDOM released at circumneutral pH from a total of 14 chars pyrolyzed from wood and grass feedstocks from 200 to 700°C. The amount of released pyDOM decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature of chars, reflecting the increasing degree of condensation and decreasing char polarity. Using flow-injection anal. coupled to electrochem. detection, we demonstrated that electron-donating capacities (EDC_pyDOM; up to 6.5 mmol_e-·g_C^-1) were higher than electron-accepting capacities (EAC_pyDOM; up to 1.2 mmol_e-·g_C^-1) for all pyDOM specimens. The optical properties and low metal contents of the pyDOM implicate phenols and quinones as the major redox-active moieties. Oxidation of a selected pyDOM by the oxidative enzyme laccase resulted in a 1.57 mmol_e-·g_C^-1 decrease in EDC_pyDOM and a 0.25 mmol_e-·g_C^-1 increase in EAC_pyDOM, demonstrating a largely irreversible oxidation of presumably phenolic moieties. Non-mediated electrochem. reduction of the same pyDOM resulted in a 0.17 mmol_e-·g_C^-1 increase in EDC_pyDOM and a 0.24 mmol_e-·g_C^-1 decrease in EAC_pyDOM, consistent with the largely reversible reduction of quinone moieties. Our results imply that pyDOM is an important dissolved redox-active phase in the environment and requires consideration in assessing and modeling biogeochem. redox processes and pollutant redox transformations, particularly in char-rich environments.

Environmental Science & Technology published new progress about 30931-67-0. 30931-67-0 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Salt,Hydrazine,Amine,Benzothiazole, name is Ammonium 2,2′-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidene)bis(3-ethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole-6-sulfonate), and the molecular formula is C9H12O, Category: thiazole.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Nuhn, P. published the artcileGlycosides of heterocycles. XXX. Glucosides of imidazole-, oxazole-, and thiazole-2-thiones, Synthetic Route of 5053-24-7, the publication is Archiv der Pharmazie und Berichte der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesellschaft (1968), 301(3), 186-200, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

(cf. CA 68:39990b; 40021t. The reaction of tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide (I) with thiazole-2-thiones carried out by the Sabalitschka method (CA 23:3239), i.e. under SN2 conditions, gave exclusively 1-thio-D-glucosides. Similar results were obtained with oxazole-2-thiones and imidazole-2-thiones. Under SN1 conditions the formation of 1-thio-D-glucosides was favored only when the heterocyclic ring bore bulky substituents at position 4, otherwise the formation of glycosytamines was preferred. 2-Thmzolethione (II) (0.01 mole) and 0.56 g. KOH in 5 ml. H2O was mixed with 4.1 g. I in 15 ml. Me2CO, agitated until the mixture turned neutral and worked-up to give 65% 2-(tetra-O-acetyl-β-D- glucopyranosylthio)thiazole (IIIa) (Q = tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl throughout this abstract), m. 119-22° (MeOH), [α]22D -10.7° (c 5, CHCl3). IIIb, m. 107-8° (50% MeOH), [α]22D -11.7° (c5, CHCl3), and IIIc, m. 151-3° (MeOH), [α]22D -31.7° (c5, CHCl3), were similarly prepared Deacetylation with MeONa afforded the free glucosides: 2-(β-D-glucopyranosylthio)-4-methylthiazole (IIId) (G = β-D-glucopyranosyl throughout this abstract), m. 152-5°, [α]22D -66.8° (c 2, H2O), and IIIe, m. 87-90° (H2O), [α]22D -62.9° (c 2, H2O). Using the same procedure as for IIIa, 4-methyloxazole-2-thione (IV) afforded 4-methyl-2-(tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosylthio)oxazole (Va), m. 105-10°, [α]22D -17° (c 5, CHCl3). Vb, m. 160-3° (MeOH), [α]22D -22° (c 5, CHCl3), and Vc, m. 117-19° (MeOH), [α]22D -13.9° (c 5, CHCl3), were prepared similarly. Tetra-o-acetylglucosides, deacetylated as previously, yielded the free glucosides: Vd, m. 125-8°, [α]22D -49.5° (c 2, H2O); Ve, m. 137-40°,α]22D -63.2° (c 2, H2O); and Vf, m. 85-90°, [α]25D -54.5° (c 1.5, Me2CO). 1-Methylimidazole-2-thione (VI) reacted with I under the Sabalitschka method gave 55% of 1-methyl-2-(tetra-O-acetyi-1-β-D-glucopyranosylthio)imidazole (VII), m. 99-102° (70% EtOH), [α]22D 0° (CHCl3). II (0.01 mole) dissolved in 10 ml. H2O containing 0.56 g. KOH and the solution treated slowly with a solution of 2.72 g. HgCl2 and 2 g. NaCl in 40 ml. H2O yielded bis(2-thiazolythio)mercury (VIII), m. 182-90° (decomposition). VIII (0.005 mole) was dissolved in 30 ml. HCONMe2, the solution mixed with 30 ml. C6H6, the latter distilled and the remaining dry solution treated with 4.1 g. I, kept 14 hrs. at 50°, diluted with 200 ml. H2O, extracted 5 times with CHCl3, the combined extracts washed with 30% KI followed by 5% Na2CO2, dried and evaporated, gave 50% 3-(tetra-O-acetyl-1-β-D-glucopyranosyl)thiazole-2-thione (IXa), m. 179-82° (MeOH), [α]22D 68.3° (c 5, CHCl3). IXa deacetylated as previously, afforded IXb, m. 173-83°, [α]22D 35° (c 2, H2O). Similarly, bis(1-methylimidazol-2-ylthio)mercury, m. 220-5° (decomposition), produced 25% 1-methyl-3-(tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)imidazole-2-thione (X), m. 148-9° (MeOh), α]23D 36° (c 5, CHCl3). VI (0.02 mole), refluxed with 6 ml. (Me3Si)2NH for 8 hrs. gave 1-methyl-3-trimethylsilylimidazole-2-thione, b9 142-3°. This, heated for 2 hrs. with I at 120-30° in vacuo, diluted with 100 ml. CHCl3 and the solution washed with 5% Na2CO3 yielded 30% X. Similarly, 2-trimethylsilylthiothiazole, b. 143-5°, afforded IIIa, while 2-trimethylsilylthio-4-phenyloxazole, b9 147-51°, gave 72% Vb. 1-Thio-D-glucosides heated in toluene with HgBr2 were converted in high yield into glycosylamines. Thus, IIIa (2.5 millimoles) was refluxed 5 hrs. with 0.9 g. HgBr2 in 50 ml. of dry toluene, the solution washed with 30% KI followed by 5% Na2CO3, dried and evaporated to give 95% IXa. Likewise, VII produced 73% X, Va gave 20% 3-(tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyloxazole-2-thione (XIa), m. 163-6° (MeOH), [α]22D 73.8° (c 5, CHCl3), while Vc yielded 55% XIb, m. 143-5° (MeOH), [α]22D -47.4° (c 5, CHCl3). Deacetylation of XIb afforded XIc, m. 200-5°, [α]20D -3.5° (c2, HCONMe2). Transglycosylation of IIIb resulted in 25% IXc, m. 192-4°, [α]22D 66° (c 5, CHCl3). In the case of 4-Ph derivatives, no conversion into glycosylamines was observed. Instead, partial anomerization occurred: Vb yielded 5% of 2-(tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosylthio)-4-phenylthiazole, m. 102-6° (MeOH), [α]22D 156° (c 5, CHCl3), while IIIc gave 30% 2-(tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosylthio)-4-phenyloxazole, m. 138-40° (MeOH), [α]22D 228° (c 5, CHCl8), which on deacetylation afforded the free glucoside, an amorphous solid, [α]22D 226° (c 2, H2O). AcCH2OH (3 g.) dissolved in 40 ml. EtOH, treated with 5.8 g. KCNS and 3 ml. concentrated HCl and refluxed 24 hrs. gave 65% 4-methyloxazole-2-thione (XII), m. 149-52° (MeOH). II (2 g.), 5 g. Ag2O, and 15 g. MeI refluxed 8 hrs. gave 80% 2-methylthiothiazole, b26 59-62°. Similarly, XII yielded 2-(methylthio)-4-methyloxazole, b8 44-5°.

Archiv der Pharmazie und Berichte der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesellschaft published new progress about 5053-24-7. 5053-24-7 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Thiazole,sulfides, name is 2-(Methylthio)thiazole, and the molecular formula is C4H5NS2, Synthetic Route of 5053-24-7.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Dillies, Justine published the artcileEnzymatic depolymerization of industrial lignins by laccase-mediator systems in 1,4-dioxane/water, Safety of Ammonium 2,2′-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidene)bis(3-ethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole-6-sulfonate), the publication is Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry (2020), 67(5), 774-782, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Lignin is the second most abundant polymer after cellulose in lignocellulosic biomass. Its aromatic composition and recalcitrant nature make its valorization a major challenge for obtaining low mol. weight aromatics compounds with high value-added from the enzymic depolymerization of industrial lignins. The oxidation reaction of lignin polymer using laccases alone remains inefficient. Therefore, researches are focused on the use of a laccase-mediator system (LMS) to facilitate enzymic depolymerization Until today, the LMS system was studied using water-soluble lignin only (com. lignins, modified lignins, or lignin model compounds). This work reports a study of three LMS systems to depolymerize the three major industrial lignins (organosolv lignin, Kraft lignin, and sodium lignosulfonate). We show that an enzymic depolymerization of these lignins can be achieved by LMS using laccase from Trametes versicolor, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt as mediator and a cosolvent (25% of 1,4-dioxane) to enhance the solubilization of lignins.

Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry published new progress about 30931-67-0. 30931-67-0 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Salt,Hydrazine,Amine,Benzothiazole, name is Ammonium 2,2′-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidene)bis(3-ethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole-6-sulfonate), and the molecular formula is C18H24N6O6S4, Safety of Ammonium 2,2′-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidene)bis(3-ethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole-6-sulfonate).

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Karskela, Marika published the artcileSynthesis and Cellular Uptake of Fluorescent Labeled Multivalent Hyaluronan Disaccharide Conjugates of Oligonucleotide Phosphorothioates, HPLC of Formula: 1192027-04-5, the publication is Bioconjugate Chemistry (2008), 19(12), 2549-2558, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Clustered hyaluronan disaccharides were studied as mediators of cellular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides through receptor-mediated endocytosis. For this purpose, a synthetic route for preparation of an appropriately protected hyaluronic acid dimer bearing an aldehyde tether I was devised. Up to three non-nucleosidic phosphoramidite building blocks, each bearing two phthaloyl protected aminooxy groups, were then inserted into the 3′-terminus of the desired phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotide, and 6-FAM phosphoramidite was introduced into the 5′-terminus. After completion of the chain assembly, the aldehyde-tethered sugar ligands were attached to the deprotected aminooxy functions by on-support oximation. Three fluorescein-labeled phosphorothioate oligonucleotide glycoconjugates containing two, four, or six hyaluronan disaccharides were prepared The influence of the hyaluronan moieties on the cellular uptake of the thiolated oligonucleotides was tested in a cell line expressing the hyaluronan receptor CD44. Specific uptake was not detected with this combination of multiple hyaluronan disaccharides.

Bioconjugate Chemistry published new progress about 1192027-04-5. 1192027-04-5 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Other Aliphatic Heterocyclic,Amine, name is N,N-Dimethyl-N’-(3-thioxo-3H-1,2,4-dithiazol-5-yl)formimidamide, and the molecular formula is C5H7N3S3, HPLC of Formula: 1192027-04-5.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Pundeer, Rashmi published the artcileGreen and expeditious synthesis of some 2-amino/arylamino-4-(1-naphthyl)thiazole derivatives using [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene, Related Products of thiazole, the publication is Indian Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry (2016), 25(3-4), 311-315, database is CAplus.

The synthesis of a series of 2-amino/arylamino-4-(1-naphthyl)thiazoles I (R = C₆H₅, 4-O₂NC₆H₄, 4-FC₆H₄, etc.) under solvent-free and eco-friendly conditions by applying ‘Grindstone Chem. Technique’ using [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene is described practicing the modified Hantzsch thiazole synthesis of α-tosyloxyacetonaphthone and thiourea/substituted thioureas.

Indian Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry published new progress about 56503-96-9. 56503-96-9 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Thiazole,Amine,Naphthalene, name is 4-(Naphthalen-1-yl)thiazol-2-amine, and the molecular formula is C13H10N2S, Related Products of thiazole.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Vernin, Gaston published the artcileApplications of Snyder’s theory on linear adsorption chromatography to heterocyclic compounds. I. Influence of the polar and steric effects of various substituents on the adsorption energy of thiazoles on alumina, Product Details of C4H5NS2, the publication is Journal of Chromatography (1970), 46(1), 48-65, database is CAplus.

The Snyder theory of linear adsorption chromatog., that was applied to on e hundred thiazole derivatives, made it possible to determine exptl. the adsorption energies of the compounds and to compare these with the adsorption energies calculated by means of fixed tables. In a study on thiazoles containing one or two alkyl groups, this comparison made it possible to determine the variations in adsorption energy of the N atom of the ring due to the polarization effects and to the steric effects induced by the alkyl groups and to relate these effects to the constant relations which exist between the polarization and steric effects of the substituents. A similar investigation was made on 4-aryl thiazoles with various substituents in the 2-position. In this case variations in the adsorption energy of the mols. due to the polarization effects of the groups substituted para to the phenyl group with respect to the substituents in the 2-position were studied, and the mutual electronic interactions between the various groups were determined

Journal of Chromatography published new progress about 5053-24-7. 5053-24-7 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Thiazole,sulfides, name is 2-(Methylthio)thiazole, and the molecular formula is C12H23N3S, Product Details of C4H5NS2.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Azhagu Saravana Babu, P. published the artcilePolyphenolic composition and invitro evaluation of radical scavenging and anti diabetic properties of Canthium parviflorum, HPLC of Formula: 30931-67-0, the publication is International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences (Madurai, India) (2020), 11(Suppl.4), 1056-1061, database is CAplus.

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the nutraceutical properties of the bioactive components from the extracts of Canthium parviflorum seeds (CPS). The anti-oxidant property of CPS extracts was carried out by estimating the total phenolic, flavonoid contents, flavonols, flavonols and radical scavenging properties. The results of these findings show that the aqueous extract of CPS rich in polyphenols (87.5 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (50.1 ± 0.2 mg QE/g) compounds than organic extracts The effective inhibitory activity of CPS against α-amylase and α-glucosidases enzyme related to type-2 diabetes was evaluated and compared. The aqueous extract was exhibited the maximum α-amylase and β-glucosidase inhibition of 91.1 ± 0.4 and 90.5 ± 0.1% resp. The seed extracts show a maximum of 25.5% of protein and 6.4 mg/100g of zinc. The seed extract was exhibited maximum anti-oxidant property with beta carotene content of 5.4 mg/100g of seed. The present work may be the platform to use to develop high-value nutritional compounds by unutilized plant materials. The natural antioxidant and polyphenols present in the extracts were showed great nutraceutical value, and it may be used to develop nutraceutical to enhance a healthy diet.

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences (Madurai, India) published new progress about 30931-67-0. 30931-67-0 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Salt,Hydrazine,Amine,Benzothiazole, name is Ammonium 2,2′-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidene)bis(3-ethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole-6-sulfonate), and the molecular formula is C18H24N6O6S4, HPLC of Formula: 30931-67-0.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Solbach, C. published the artcileEfficient radiosynthesis of carbon-11 labelled uncharged Thioflavin T derivatives using [¹¹C]methyl triflate for β-amyloid imaging in Alzheimer’s Disease with PET, Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole, the publication is Applied Radiation and Isotopes (2005), 62(4), 591-595, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The synthesis of carbon-11 amino function labeled uncharged Thioflavin T derivatives is known to be performed by reaction of the demethyl-precursors with [¹¹C]methyl iodide but the labeling yields are only mediocre. The use of [¹¹C]methyl triflate improved the radiochem. yield of three potential β-amyloid imaging PET-radiotracers significantly. Performance of the labeling reaction by reacting the corresponding precursor mols. with [¹¹C]methyl triflate for 1 min at 80° led to radiochem. yields of 44±10% (n = 5) for [¹¹C]6-Me-BTA-1, 68±4% (n = 10) for [¹¹C]BTA-1 and 58±2% (n = 5) for [¹¹C]6-OH-BTA-1 with respect to [¹¹C]methyl triflate. In production runs (60 min, 50 μA) up to 6500 MBq (mean: 4000±1900 MBq) of [¹¹C]6-Me-BTA-1, 7900 MBq (mean: 6000±1000 MBq) of [¹¹C]BTA-1 and 7100 MBq (mean: 6300±600 MBq) of [¹¹C]6-OH-BTA-1 could be obtained ready for i.v. injection. The radiochem. purity was >95% with specific activities in the range of 80-120 GBq/μmol (EOS) within a total synthesis time of less than 40 min after EOB.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes published new progress about 92-36-4. 92-36-4 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Organic Pigment, name is 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole, and the molecular formula is C12H15NO, Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica