Day: December 6, 2022

Noman, Efaq published the artcileDecolourisation of dyes in greywater by mycoremediation and mycosorption process of fungi from peatland; primary study, Application In Synthesis of 30931-67-0, the publication is Materials Today: Proceedings (2020), 31(Part_1), 23-30, database is CAplus.

The current study investigated the potential of fungi from peatland for decolorizing dyes in the artificial greywater as a function of oxidative enzymes which included laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase (LiP). The fungal isolates were obtained from the peatland on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and purified using single spore technique. Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR), Methylene blue (MB) and Congo red (CR) were used as models for detecting the applicability of the fungal enzyme to decolorizing the dyes. The screening of fungal isolates for the decolorisation of RBBR, MB and CR were investigated using plate assay and liquid-phase assays. The results revealed the fungal isolates varied in their ability to produce oxidative enzymes dependent on the production medium. However, the decolorisation of RBBR in the PD broth medium ranged from 17.96 to 44.89% after 7 days, while ranged from 55.98 to 99.99% in artificial greywater after 15 days of the incubation period. The fungal isolates exhibited also differences in the production of oxidative enzyme. The maximum production of Lac in artificial greywater was recorded by Cochliobolus sp. Number 403 while the highest production of MnP and LiP was noted by Trichoderma sp. Number 102, and Aspergillus sp. Number 506, resp. However, Aspergillus sp. Number 605 was used for further studies, because the fungus exhibited ability to produce Lac, MnP and LiP enzymes simultaneously. It can be concluded that the fungal isolates obtained from the peatland has a potential to decolorize the dyes in the artificial greywater.

Materials Today: Proceedings published new progress about 30931-67-0. 30931-67-0 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Salt,Hydrazine,Amine,Benzothiazole, name is Ammonium 2,2′-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidene)bis(3-ethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole-6-sulfonate), and the molecular formula is C18H24N6O6S4, Application In Synthesis of 30931-67-0.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Yamamoto, Yuzuru published the artcilePyridine derivatives containing sulfur. XXXI. Synthesis of pyridothiazoles and pyridoxazoles, Application In Synthesis of 31784-71-1, the publication is Yakugaku Zasshi (1951), 169-72, database is CAplus.

cf. C.A. 46, 112h. The following correction is made: 2-Amino-5-bromo- or 2-amino-5-iodopyridine and KCNS or Cu(CNS)₂ do not form a pyridothiazole ring as reported (cf. C.A. 46, 111c, 112ad). To 2-chloro-5-aminopyridine (I) (3 g.) and 9.1 g. KCNS in 47 mL. 95% AcOH at -5 to -10° is added 1.26 g. Br dropwise, the mixture filtered, and 3 volumes H₂O is added to the filtrate, which is again filtered and neutralized with Na₂CO₃ to give crude 2-amino-5-chloropyrido[3,2-d]thiazole (H) (C.A. numbering). Crude II recrystallized from MeOH gives 1.7 g. II, decompose 243-4°. 2-Hydroxy-5-aminopyridine and KCNS and Br in a similar way give the 5-HO analog (III) of II, m. 248-9°; acetate, needles, m. 286°. By using the 2-alkoxy analogs of I the following 5-alkoxy analogs of II are prepared similarly: MeO, needles or plates, m. 191-1.5°; EtO, needles or plates, m. 201-3°; iso-PrO, light yellow plates, m. 191-3°; BuO, plates, m. 139°; and iso-AmO, light orange needles, m. 126.5°. 2,5-Diaminopyridine and KCNS in 95% AcOH similarly give 2,5-diaminopyrido[3,2-d]-thiazole, m. 214-15°. 2,6-Diaminopyridine (3 g.) and 11 g. Cu(CNS)₂ in AcOH after removal of the AcOH, solution of the residue in hot water, and precipitation with Na₂CO₃ give 0.8 g. 2,5-diaminopyrido[2,3-d]thiazole, yellow prisms, m. 137°. Treating 2 g. 2-amino-3-nitro-5-bromopyridine (IV) with 2.8 g. PCl₅ 4 h. at 120-40°, decomposing the excess PCl₅ with ice water, filtering, and recrystallizing from MeOH give 1.4 g. 2-chloro-3-nitro-5-bromopyridine, yellow needles, m. 67-8°. Heating 1.5 g. IV in 6.5 mL. 85% HCl, adding 6.5 g. SnCl₂ at 100° during a period of 3 h., drying in vacuo, making alk. with NaOH, and taking up with ether gives 0.5 g. 2-hydroxy-3-amino-5-bromopyridine (V), m. 182-4°. Boiling 0.5 g. V in 3 mL. Ac₂O 40 min., filtering off the excess Ac₂O, cooling, making alk. with Na₂CO₃, and taking up with AcOEt gives 0.3 g. 6-bromo-2-methyloxazolo[5,4-b]-pyridine, needles, m. 223-5°.

Yakugaku Zasshi published new progress about 31784-71-1. 31784-71-1 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Other Aromatic Heterocyclic,Chloride,Amine, name is 5-Chlorothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-amine, and the molecular formula is C28H29NO4, Application In Synthesis of 31784-71-1.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Bort, Guillaume published the artcileStraightforward synthesis of PET tracer precursors used for the early diagnosis of Alzheimers disease through Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions, SDS of cas: 92-36-4, the publication is Tetrahedron (2013), 69(35), 7345-7353, database is CAplus.

In positron emission tomog. [¹¹C]PIB, Pittsburgh Compound-B, is currently the most widely used radiopharmaceutical for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Synthetic routes for the preparation of the precursor of [¹¹C]PIB are reported in the literature. These strategies require multiple steps and the use of protecting groups. This paper describes a simple 1-step synthesis of the precursor of [¹¹C]PIB through a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction using thermal conditions or microwave activation. These methods were successfully applied to the synthesis of various 2-arylbenzothiazole and 2-pyridinylbenzothiazole compounds including [¹⁸F] precursor derivatives of PIB containing a nitro function.

Tetrahedron published new progress about 92-36-4. 92-36-4 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Organic Pigment, name is 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole, and the molecular formula is C14H12N2S, SDS of cas: 92-36-4.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Taniguchi, Sayuri published the artcileInhibition of Heparin-induced Tau Filament Formation by Phenothiazines, Polyphenols, and Porphyrins, HPLC of Formula: 92-36-4, the publication is Journal of Biological Chemistry (2005), 280(9), 7614-7623, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Tau protein is the major component of the intraneuronal filamentous inclusions that constitute defining neuropathol. characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies. The discovery of tau gene mutations in familial forms of frontotemporal dementia has established that dysfunction of the tau protein is sufficient to cause neurodegeneration and dementia. Here we have tested 42 compounds belonging to nine different chem. classes for their ability to inhibit heparin-induced assembly of tau into filaments in vitro. Several phenothiazines (methylene blue, azure A, azure B, and quinacrine mustard), polyphenols (myricetin, epicatechin 5-gallate, gossypetin, and 2,3,4,2′,4′-pentahydroxybenzophenone), and the porphyrin ferric deuteroporphyrin IX inhibited tau filament formation with IC₅₀ values in the low micromolar range as assessed by thioflavin S fluorescence, electron microscopy, and Sarkosyl insolubility Disassembly of tau filaments was observed in the presence of the porphyrin phthalocyanine. Compounds that inhibited tau filament assembly were also found to inhibit the formation of Aβ fibrils. Biochem. anal. revealed the formation of soluble oligomeric tau in the presence of the inhibitory compounds, suggesting that this may be the mechanism by which tau filament formation is inhibited. The compounds investigated did not affect the ability of tau to interact with microtubules. Identification of small mol. inhibitors of heparin-induced assembly of tau will form a starting point for the development of mechanism-based therapies for the tauopathies.

Journal of Biological Chemistry published new progress about 92-36-4. 92-36-4 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Organic Pigment, name is 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole, and the molecular formula is C14H10N2O, HPLC of Formula: 92-36-4.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Masuda, Masami published the artcileSmall Molecule Inhibitors of α-Synuclein Filament Assembly, Safety of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole, the publication is Biochemistry (2006), 45(19), 6085-6094, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

α-Synuclein is the major component of the filamentous inclusions that constitute defining characteristics of Parkinson’s disease and other α-synucleinopathies. Here we have tested 79 compounds belonging to 12 different chem. classes for their ability to inhibit the assembly of α-synuclein into filaments in vitro. Several polyphenols, phenothiazines, porphyrins, polyene macrolides, and Congo red and its derivatives, BSB and FSB, inhibited α-synuclein filament assembly with IC₅₀ values in the low micromolar range. Many compounds that inhibited α-synuclein assembly were also found to inhibit the formation of Aβ and tau filaments. Biochem. anal. revealed the formation of soluble oligomeric α-synuclein in the presence of inhibitory compounds, suggesting that this may be the mechanism by which filament formation is inhibited. Unlike α-synuclein filaments and protofibrils, these soluble oligomeric species did not reduce the viability of SH-SY5Y cells. These findings suggest that the soluble oligomers formed in the presence of inhibitory compounds may not be toxic to nerve cells and that these compounds may therefore have therapeutic potential for α-synucleinopathies and other brain amyloidoses.

Biochemistry published new progress about 92-36-4. 92-36-4 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Organic Pigment, name is 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole, and the molecular formula is C14H12N2S, Safety of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

You, Jinmao published the artcileStudy of the retention behavior of eight thiazole derivatives by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, Application In Synthesis of 5053-24-7, the publication is Fenxi Huaxue (1996), 24(4), 447-541, database is CAplus.

The capacity factors k’ of eight thiazole derivatives on reversed-phase ODS column with methanol/water as eluant were measured. The linear regression between the lnk’ values and methanol concentrations according to equation lnk’ = a + cC was carried out and a good linear relation was obtained. The parameters a and c with various concentrations of methanol as the eluant were measured. The effect of various salts and triethylamine on the capacity factors of thiazole derivatives were studied. A mobile phase of methanol:0.2 mol/L HOAc-NaOAc buffer solution (pH 4.0):triethylamine 45:54:1 and UV detection at 254 nm gave satisfactory results.

Fenxi Huaxue published new progress about 5053-24-7. 5053-24-7 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Thiazole,sulfides, name is 2-(Methylthio)thiazole, and the molecular formula is C14H10N2O, Application In Synthesis of 5053-24-7.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Zhou, Yuefen published the artcileStructure-activity relationships of novel antibacterial translation inhibitors: 3,5-Diamino-piperidinyl triazines, Safety of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole, the publication is Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2006), 16(20), 5451-5456, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Structure-activity relationships of the 3,5-diamino-piperidinyl triazine series, a novel class of bacterial translation inhibitors, are described. Optimization was focused on the triazine C-4 position in which aromatic substituents that contained electron-withdrawing groups led to potent inhibitors. The initial lack of antibacterial activity was correlated with poor cellular penetration. Whole cell antibacterial activity was achieved by linking addnl. aromatic moieties at the triazine C-4 position.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about 92-36-4. 92-36-4 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Organic Pigment, name is 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole, and the molecular formula is C4H10O2, Safety of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Feng, Zewang published the artcileSynthesis of 2-(2-benzyloxycarbonylaminothiazol-4-yl)-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxycarbonyl) pent-2-enoic acid, COA of Formula: C6H8N2O2S, the publication is Zhongguo Kangshengsu Zazhi (2007), 32(10), 604-607, 635, database is CAplus.

2-(2-Benzyloxycarbonylaminothiazol-4-yl)-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxycarbonyl) pent-2-enoic acid (1), the key intermediate of ceftibuten, was prepared from Me (2-aminothiazol-4-yl) acetate, which could be easily bought in China through a three-step reaction of amino group protection, Michael addition elimination and selective esterification with an overall yield of 63.0%. This facile and lower-cost process was suitable for industrial production

Zhongguo Kangshengsu Zazhi published new progress about 64987-16-2. 64987-16-2 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Thiazole,Amine,Ester, name is Methyl 2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetate, and the molecular formula is C6H8N2O2S, COA of Formula: C6H8N2O2S.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Park, Cheol-Min published the artcileNon-peptidic small molecule inhibitors of XIAP, Computed Properties of 56503-96-9, the publication is Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2005), 15(3), 771-775, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Non-peptidic small mol. SMAC mimetics were designed and synthesized that bind to the BIR3 domain of XIAP using structure-based design. Substituted five-membered heterocycles such as thiazoles and imidazoles were identified that serve as replacements for peptide fragments of the lead. An example compound thus prepared and evaluated was an N-(thiazolyl)-L-alaninamide derivative (I).

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about 56503-96-9. 56503-96-9 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Thiazole,Amine,Naphthalene, name is 4-(Naphthalen-1-yl)thiazol-2-amine, and the molecular formula is C13H10N2S, Computed Properties of 56503-96-9.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Lange, Karen I. published the artcileKinetochore recruitment of the spindle and kinetochore-associated (Ska) complex is regulated by centrosomal PP2A in Caenorhabditis elegans, Computed Properties of 95-24-9, the publication is Genetics (2019), 212(2), 509-522, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

During mitosis, kinetochore-microtubule interactions ensure that chromosomes are accurately segregated to daughter cells. RSA-1 (regulator of spindle assembly-1) is a regulatory B” subunit of protein phosphatase 2A that was previously proposed to modulate microtubule dynamics during spindle assembly. We have identified a genetic interaction between the centrosomal protein, RSA-1, and the spindle- and kinetochore-associated (Ska) complex in Caenorhabditis elegans. In a forward genetic screen for suppressors of rsa-1(or598) embryonic lethality, we identified mutations in ska-1 and ska-3. Loss of SKA-1 and SKA-3, as well as components of the KMN (KNL-1/MIS-12/NDC-80) complex and the microtubule end-binding protein EBP-2, all suppressed the embryonic lethality of rsa-1(or598). These suppressors also disrupted the intracellular localization of the Ska complex, revealing a network of proteins that influence Ska function during mitosis. In rsa-1(or598) embryos, SKA-1 is excessively and prematurely recruited to kinetochores during spindle assembly, but SKA-1 levels return to normal just prior to anaphase onset. Loss of the TPX2 homolog, TPXL- 1, also resulted in overrecruitment of SKA-1 to the kinetochores and this correlated with the loss of Aurora A kinase on the spindle microtubules. We propose that rsa-1 regulates the kinetochore localization of the Ska complex, with spindle-associated Aurora A acting as a potential mediator. These data reveal a novel mechanism of protein phosphatase 2A function during mitosis involving a centrosome-based regulatory mechanism for Ska complex recruitment to the kinetochore.

Genetics published new progress about 95-24-9. 95-24-9 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Organic Pigment, name is 6-Chlorobenzothiazol-2-ylamine, and the molecular formula is C7H5ClN2S, Computed Properties of 95-24-9.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica