Day: February 22, 2023

Discovery of highly potent, selective, orally bioavailable, metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 (mGlu5) receptor antagonists devoid of cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitory activity was written by Smith, Nicholas D.;Poon, Steve F.;Huang, Dehua;Green, Mitchell;King, Christopher;Tehrani, Lida;Roppe, Jeffrey R.;Chung, Janice;Chapman, Deborah P.;Cramer, Merryl;Cosford, Nicholas D. P.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2004.Recommanded Product: 3364-80-5 This article mentions the following:

Structure-activity relationship studies focused on bio-isosteric replacements of 2-pyridyl resulted in mGlu5 receptor antagonists with reduced inhibition of cytochrome P 450 1A2. This led to highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable 2-imidazolyl tetrazoles such as I that are devoid of cytochrome P 450 inhibitory activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Thiazole-4-carbaldehyde (cas: 3364-80-5Recommanded Product: 3364-80-5).

Thiazole-4-carbaldehyde (cas: 3364-80-5) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole rings are planar and aromatic. Thiazoles are characterized by larger pi-electron delocalization than the corresponding oxazoles and have therefore greater aromaticity.Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. For example, 2,4-dimethylthiazole is synthesized from thioacetamide and chloroacetone.Recommanded Product: 3364-80-5

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Synthesis and in vitro antileishmanial activity of 5-substituted-2′-deoxyuridine derivatives was written by Peyron, Corinne;Benhida, Rachid;Bories, Christian;Loiseau, Philippe M.. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2005.Category: thiazole This article mentions the following:

We report herein the synthesis and the in vitro antileishmanial evaluation of 5-substituted-2′-deoxyuridine nucleosides. The most active compound against Leishmania donovani promastigotes was Thia-dU (3a) with an IC₅₀ = 3 渭M. This compound exhibited the same activity as zidovudine (3′-azido-2′-deoxythymidine) used as nucleoside reference compound Considering the cytotoxicity of synthetic compounds on peritoneal murine macrophages, the most toxic compound was MeThio-dU (3d) with a MTC at 10 渭M. Only Methia-dU (3b) was active against intra-macrophagic amastigotes with an IC₅₀ = 6.5 渭M. This latter can now be evaluated in vivo, for further investigations through structure-based drug design. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Tributylstannyl)thiazole (cas: 121359-48-6Category: thiazole).

2-(Tributylstannyl)thiazole (cas: 121359-48-6) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities. Thiazole is a versatile building block for the construction and lead generation of new drug discoveries. Numerous diazole-based compounds are in clinical use as anticancer, antileukemic, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, antirheumatic, immunomodulator, and antiparasitic agents.Category: thiazole

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Nickel-catalysed direct alkylation of thiophenes via double C(sp³)-H/C(sp²)-H bond cleavage: the importance of KH₂PO₄ was written by Wang, Xie;Xie, Peipei;Qiu, Renhua;Zhu, Longzhi;Liu, Ting;Li, You;Iwasaki, Takanori;Au, Chak-Tong;Xu, Xinhua;Xia, Yuanzhi;Yin, Shuang-Feng;Kambe, Nobuaki. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2017.Product Details of 3034-53-5 This article mentions the following:

The efficient Ni-catalyzed oxidative C(sp³)-H/C(sp²)-H cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction was developed for synthesis of highly functionalized alkyl (aryl)-substituted thiophenes such as I [R¹ = Me, Et, Ph; R² = Me, Ph, Bn, 2-naphthyl; R¹ = R² = Me, Ph; R¹R² = (CH₂)₅, Ph, 2-H₃CC₆H₄; R³ = 2-thienyl, benzothien-2-yl, 4-Br-2-thienyl, etc.] from thiophenes and aliphatic (aromatic) amides that contain an 8-aminoquinoline as a removable directing group in the presence of a silver oxidant. The approach enabled the facile one-step synthesis of substituted thiophenes I with high functional group compatibility via double C(sp³)-H/C(sp²)-H bond cleavage without affecting C-Br and C-I bonds and formation of C(alkyl)-C(heteroaryl) bonds. DFT calculations verified the importance of KH₂PO₄ as an additive for promoting C-H bond cleavage and supported the involvement of a Ni(III) species for efficient C(sp²)-H cleavage and C-C coupling. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromothiazole (cas: 3034-53-5Product Details of 3034-53-5).

2-Bromothiazole (cas: 3034-53-5) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities. Thiazole is a versatile building block for the construction and lead generation of new drug discoveries. Numerous diazole-based compounds are in clinical use as anticancer, antileukemic, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, antirheumatic, immunomodulator, and antiparasitic agents.Product Details of 3034-53-5

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Dopamine receptor mediated antidepressant action of B-HT 920 in mice was written by Sharma, Alok;Kulkarni, S K.. And the article was included in Indian Journal of Experimental Biology in 1994.Reference of 36085-73-1 This article mentions the following:

Possible involvement of dopaminergic (DAergic) system in forced swimming-induced immobility (despair behavior) was investigated in mice. B-HT 920 (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg), a post-synaptic DAergic agonist, produced a dose dependent reduction in immobility period, which was sensitive to blockade by haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) and sulpiride (100 mg/kg). This effect was also blocked by 伪₂ antagonist yohimbine (5 mg/kg). SKF 38393 (5 mg/kg), a D₁-DA agonist potentiated the action of B-HT 920. Reserpinization (2 mg/kg, 24 h prior) produced despair immobility in mice. When a low dose of B-HT 920 (0.05 mg/kg) was given to reserpinized animals, the duration of immobility period was further increased. But on the other hand, a higher dose (0.1 mg/kg) of it reduced reserpine-induced immobility. Desipramine (5 and 10 mg/kg), elicited a dose dependent reduction in the immobility period, which was sensitive to blockade by sulpiride (100 mg/kg). Desipramine (10 mg/kg) showed a biphasic response in combination with B-HT 920, i.e., a potentiation of the response due to a low dose of B-HT 920 (0.05 mg/kg) and an antagonism of the response due to a higher dose of B-HT 920 (0.1 mg/kg), resp. SKF 38393 (5 mg/kg), potentiated the action of desipramine (5 mg/kg). SKF 38393 (5 mg/kg) further potentiated the action of desipramine (5 mg/kg) and B-HT 920 (0.05 mg/kg). These observations suggests that B-HT 920 reduces behavioral immobility by DAergic mechanism and desipramine also modulates D₂-DA receptors in its anti-depressant action. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Allyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiazolo[4,5-d]azepin-2-amine dihydrochloride (cas: 36085-73-1Reference of 36085-73-1).

6-Allyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiazolo[4,5-d]azepin-2-amine dihydrochloride (cas: 36085-73-1) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities.Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. For example, 2,4-dimethylthiazole is synthesized from thioacetamide and chloroacetone.Reference of 36085-73-1

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Schmidt reaction in ionic liquids: highly efficient and selective conversion of aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes to nitriles with [BMIM(SO₃H)][OTf] as catalyst and [BMIM][PF₆] as solvent was written by Nandi, Ganesh C.;Laali, Kenneth K.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2013.Name: 2-Cyanothiazole This article mentions the following:

A mild and selective method is presented for the conversion of aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes to nitriles via the Schmidt reaction with TMSN₃ by using [BMIM(SO₃H)][OTf] as catalyst and [BMIM][PF₆] as solvent. E.g., in the presence of this catalyst in [BMIM][PF₆], reaction of 2-MeOC₆H₄CHO with TMSN₃ gave 100% 2-MeOC₆H₄CN. The method offers high yields and simple product isolation, and avoids the use of liquid superacids or corrosive Lewis acids commonly employed for this transformation. It also offers some potential for recycling/reuse of the IL solvent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Cyanothiazole (cas: 1452-16-0Name: 2-Cyanothiazole).

2-Cyanothiazole (cas: 1452-16-0) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The higher aromaticity of thiazole is due to delocalization of a lone pair of sulfur electrons across the ring, which is evidenced by chemical shifts of ring hydrogen at 未 7.27 and 8.77 ppm (C2 and C4), indicating diamagnetic ring current. Thiazole sulfonation occurs only under forcing conditions: the action of oleum at 250 掳C for 3 hours in the presence of mercury(II) sulfate leads to 65% formation of 5-thiazole sulfonic acid.Name: 2-Cyanothiazole

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Performance of the reveal rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing system on gram-negative blood cultures at a large urban hospital was written by Tibbetts, Robert;George, Sheeja;Burwell, Reece;Rajeev, Lara;Rhodes, Paul A.;Singh, Pragya;Samuel, Linoj. And the article was included in Journal of Clinical Microbiology in 2022.Category: thiazole This article mentions the following:

Timely and effective antibiotic treatment is vital for sepsis, with increasing incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteremia driving interest in rapid phenotypic susceptibility testing. To enable the widespread adoption needed to make an impact, antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) systems need to be accurate, enable rapid intervention, have a broad antimicrobial menu and be easy to use and affordable. We evaluated the Specific Reveal (Specific Diagnostics, San Jose, CA) rapid AST system on pos. blood cultures with Gram-neg. organisms in a relatively resistant population in a large urban hospital to assess its potential for routine clin. use. One hundred four randomly selected pos. blood cultures (Virtuo; bioMorieux) were Gram stained, diluted 1:1,000 in Pluronic water, inoculated into 96-well antibiotic plates, sealed with the Reveal sensor panel, and placed in the Reveal instrument for incubation and reading. The MIC and susceptible/intermediate/resistant category was determined and compared to results from Vitek 2 (bioMorieux) for the 17 antimicrobials available and to Sensititre (Thermo Fisher) for 24 antimicrobials. Performance was also assessed with contrived blood cultures with 33 highly resistant strains. Reveal was in 98.0% essential agreement (EA) and 96.3% categorical agreement (CA) with Sensititre, with just 1.3% very major error (VME) and 97.0%/96.2%/1.3% EA/CA/VME vs. Vitek 2. Reveal results for contrived highly resistant strains were equivalent, with EA/CA/VME of 97.7%/95.2%/1.0% with CDC/FDA Antibiotic Resistance Isolate Bank references Average time to result (TTR) for Reveal was 4.6 h. Sample preparation was relatively low skill and averaged 3 min. We conclude that the Reveal system enables accurate and rapid susceptibility testing of Gram-neg. blood cultures. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-((((Z)-1-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(((2S,3S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-sulfoazetidin-3-yl)amino)-2-oxoethylidene)amino)oxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid (cas: 78110-38-0Category: thiazole).

2-((((Z)-1-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(((2S,3S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-sulfoazetidin-3-yl)amino)-2-oxoethylidene)amino)oxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid (cas: 78110-38-0) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The higher aromaticity of thiazole is due to delocalization of a lone pair of sulfur electrons across the ring, which is evidenced by chemical shifts of ring hydrogen at 未 7.27 and 8.77 ppm (C2 and C4), indicating diamagnetic ring current. There are numerous natural products that possess a thiazole ring with broad pharmacological activities. Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, possesses a thiazole ring linked with 2-methylpyrimidine-4-amine as hydrochloride salt.Category: thiazole

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Sewerage surveillance tracking characteristics of human antibiotic emission in sewage was written by Dong, Qian;Cheng, Zhao;Yuan, Zhiguo;Huang, Xia;Liu, Yanchen. And the article was included in Journal of Cleaner Production in 2022.Synthetic Route of C9H9N3O2S2 This article mentions the following:

Antibiotics discharging are causing the concerns of public health and sustainable production Further policies on antibiotic production and antibiotic sales are difficult to make when lacking of sewage surveillance. In this study, the dynamic occurrence of 24 typical antibiotics in urban sewerage was investigated throughout a whole year. It was found that 17 of 42 samples had a total antibiotic concentration of more than 1000 ng/L. Sulfonamides, lincosamides, macrolides and tetracyclines were the four most common antibiotic categories in sewerage system, with the average concentration of 1246 ng/L, 2418 ng/L, 1734 ng/L and 1140 ng/L, resp. The concentration of 尾-lactams was relatively low in the raw sewage (with the median value of 11 ng/L) and exhibited a tendency of attenuation in sewerage due to its degradability. The total concentration of antibiotics in sewage in different quarters were pos. correlated with the dosage of antibiotics prescribed by local hospitals (R = 0.88, p < 0.01). The antibiotics profiles were also determined by the local regional discharge, specific seasons and weather features. Antibiotics consumption significantly affects the level of antibiotic residues in sewage, indicating that sewage surveillance can provide rough information on antibiotic usage. These findings can lead to new ways to understand the actual antibiotic usage in humans, and guide the antibiotic production and usage based on sewage surveillance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 72-14-0Synthetic Route of C9H9N3O2S2).

4-Amino-N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 72-14-0) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The thiazole ring is notable as a component of the vitamin thiamine (B1). Thiazole sulfonation occurs only under forcing conditions: the action of oleum at 250 掳C for 3 hours in the presence of mercury(II) sulfate leads to 65% formation of 5-thiazole sulfonic acid.Synthetic Route of C9H9N3O2S2

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Aminobenzothiazoles. III. Tautomerism and unsaturation of the aminothiazole system was written by Hunter, R. F.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society in 1926.Application of 40172-65-4 This article mentions the following:

1-Aminobenzothiazole (I) and MeI at 100掳 for 5 hrs. give 1-imino-2-methyl-1,2-dihydrobenzothiazole (II), m. 123掳, whose constitution was established by its synthesis from the dibromide, orange-red, sinters and softens at 125掳 (prepared from PhNMeC(:S)NH₂ and Br in CHCl₃). There is also probably formed some 1-methylaminobenzothiazole (III), m. 138掳, which was prepared from the tetrabromide (IV), scarlet, m. 65-7掳 (decomposition) (prepared from PhNHC(:S)NHMe and Br in CHCl₃). Ethylation of I gave the 2-Et derivative corresponding to II, pale yellow, m. 85掳, likewise prepared from its tetrabromide, vermilion-orange, m. 160-1掳 (decomposition). Acetylation of I gives almost quant. the 1-Ac derivative, m. 186掳, also obtained by the reduction of its tetrabromide, orange-red, m. 137-9掳; the isomer could not be obtained pure. II in CHCl₃, treated with excess of 20% Br in CHCl₃, gives a tribromide, orange, becomes white without melting at 245掳. IV, exposed to the air for 20 hrs., loses Br and forms the orange-yellow dibromide, sinters 136掳, chars at 191掳; it loses more Br on further exposure. IV in absolute EtOH, after dilution with H₂O and concentration, gives a mixture of Br- and Br₂-substitution products, which could not be separated 1-Imino-2-acetyl-1,2-dihydrobenzothiazole (V), m. 118-20掳, results by the reduction with H₂SO₃ of the dibromide (VI), orange, m. 130-2掳 (from the labile form of PhNHC(:S)NH₂); a 2nd form, purplish red, sinters 160掳, m. 173掳 (decomposition), which is very stable in air and is more slowly reduced by SO₂, was also isolated. The HBr salt, dark chocolate prisms, turns orange 178掳 and m. 180掳 (decomposition). Hydrolysis of V gives I. 1-Benzoylaminobenzothiazole tetrabromide, orange-yellow, becomes colorless and loses Br at about 185掳; boiling in EtOH gives 5-bromo-1-benzoylaminobenzothiazole, m. 226掳. I, diazotized and treated with 尾-C₁₀H₇OH, gives benzothiazole-1-azo-尾-naphthol, deep purple-red, m. 146掳; it dyes cotton a fugitive shade of yellow; reduction gives I. 1-Aminoazobenzothiazole, cream-white, m. 135掳; HCl salt, yellow, m. 232掳 (decomposition). With NaOCl this gives a dark purple compound, m. 156-8掳. EtNO₂ in EtOH gives 蠄-aminobenzothiazole, pale yellow, m. about 127掳, isolated as the HCl salt, ruby-red or deep orange, m. 239-40掳. 蠄-Amino-3-toluthiazole HCl salt, ruby-red, sinters 145掳, changes color at 145掳; the corresponding 5-derivative, red, sinters 130掳, softens about 150掳. These facts establish the mobility of I. 5-Bromo-1-amino-benzothiazole dibromide (VII), orange-red, softens 80-2掳, from p-BrC₆H₄NHC(:S)NH₂ and Br in CHCl₃; H₂SO₃ and NH₃ convert it into the free thiazole, m. 211掳. 1-Acetylaminobenzothiazole hexabromide, orange-red, turns yellow at 130掳, loses Br at 140掳 and becomes colorless at about 160掳; in EtOH it gives 5-bromo-1-acetylaminobenzothiazole, m. 223掳. VI in EtOH gives 5-bromo-1-imino-2-acetyl-1,2-dihydrobenzothiazole, m. 199-200掳. Hydrolysis of each of these gives 5-bromo-1-aminobenzothiazole. 1-Amino-3-methylbenzothiazole, m. 136掳, results by reduction of the dibromide, orange, m. 110掳 (decomposition), which in turn is formed from o-MeC₆H₄NHC(:S)NH₂ and Br in CHCl₃; the latter is unstable and loses Br in the air; in EtOH it gives the HBr salt, turns yellow at 260掳, chars about 290掳, of bromo-1-amino-3-methylbenzothiazole, m. 212掳. 1-Amino-5-methylbenzothiazole, m. 142掳, is formed from the dibromide-HBr, orange-red, m. 134掳 (decomposition); with EtOH the latter yields a Br substitution product, m. 210掳. 1-Amino-4-methylbenzothiazole, m. 145掳, from the tetrabromide, orange-red, m. about 250掳 (decomposition) after undergoing a series of color changes. The 3,5-di-Me derivative, m. 116掳; its tetrabromide, red, does not m. 250掳 and is very unstable, losing Br and becoming colorless on exposure to the air for 0.5 hr. 2-Amino-尾-naphthothiazole, sinters 220掳, m. 235-7掳; tetrabromide, orange, does not m. 260掳; the corresponding 伪-derivative, sinters 230掳, m. 249-51掳; tetrabromide, yellow, m. 165掳 (decomposes). I dibromide in nearly boiling H₂O gives VII. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 40172-65-4Application of 40172-65-4).

Naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 40172-65-4) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The thiazole ring has been identified as a central feature of numerous natural products, perhaps the most famous example of which is epothilone. There are numerous natural products that possess a thiazole ring with broad pharmacological activities. Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, possesses a thiazole ring linked with 2-methylpyrimidine-4-amine as hydrochloride salt.Application of 40172-65-4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Spread of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates producing NDM-type metallo-尾-lactamase in Myanmar was written by Takei, Satomi;Lu, Yu Jie;Tohya, Mari;Watanabe, Shin;Misawa, Shigeki;Tabe, Yoko;Miida, Takashi;Mya, San;Tin, Htay Htay;Tada, Tatsuya;Kirikae, Teruo. And the article was included in Microbiology Spectrum in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 78110-38-0 This article mentions the following:

A total of 38 isolates of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring blaNDM were obtained during surveillance of 10 hospitals in Myanmar. Of these 38 isolates, 19 (50%) harbored genes encoding 16S rRNA methylases, such as armA or rmtB. The K. pneumoniae strains tested belonged to 17 sequence types (STs), including the high-risk clonal lineages ST101 and ST147. The ST101 and ST147 isolates carried IncFII plasmids harboring blaNDM-5 and IncFIB(pQil) plasmids harboring blaNDM-1, resp. These results indicate that IncFII plasmids harboring blaNDM-5 and IncFIB(pQil) plasmids harboring blaNDM-1 have been spreading in K. pneumoniae ST101 and ST147 isolates, resp., in Myanmar. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-((((Z)-1-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(((2S,3S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-sulfoazetidin-3-yl)amino)-2-oxoethylidene)amino)oxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid (cas: 78110-38-0HPLC of Formula: 78110-38-0).

2-((((Z)-1-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(((2S,3S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-sulfoazetidin-3-yl)amino)-2-oxoethylidene)amino)oxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid (cas: 78110-38-0) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole is a five-membered, unsaturated, planar, 蟺-excessive heteroaromatic containing one sulfur atom and one pyridine-type nitrogen atom at position 3 of the cyclic ring system. There are numerous natural products that possess a thiazole ring with broad pharmacological activities. Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, possesses a thiazole ring linked with 2-methylpyrimidine-4-amine as hydrochloride salt.HPLC of Formula: 78110-38-0

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica