Day: February 22, 2023

Electroorganic preparations. XVI. Polarography and reduction of quinazoline was written by Lund, Henning. And the article was included in Acta Chemica Scandinavica in 1965.Synthetic Route of C4H5BrN2S This article mentions the following:

The polarographic reduction of quinazoline (I) was observed throughout the pH range 0-12 and in more acid media (acidity function H₊ to -2); 2 waves were observed. For the 1st wave the limiting current is diffusion controlled at pH 5 but is kinetically controlled at pH 1. The abnormal pH dependence of the limiting current can be explained by hydration of the protonated I nucleus if it is assumed that only the normal cation and not the hydrated cation is polarographically reducible. The rate constant of the dehydration was determined from polarographic data, and the dehydration was found to be specific acid catalyzed. The second wave of I is a reduction of the 3,4-dihydroquinazoline (II) formed in the first reduction at low concentrations of I. II was reduced in borate buffer to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazoline. I yields on controlled potential reduction both in acid and alk. solution a dimerized product, which probably is dimerized at C-4. The product can be reoxidized to I with hexacyanoferrate(III) in alk. solution In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-5-bromo-4-methylthiazole (cas: 3034-57-9Synthetic Route of C4H5BrN2S).

2-Amino-5-bromo-4-methylthiazole (cas: 3034-57-9) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities. Thiazole sulfonation occurs only under forcing conditions: the action of oleum at 250 °C for 3 hours in the presence of mercury(II) sulfate leads to 65% formation of 5-thiazole sulfonic acid.Synthetic Route of C4H5BrN2S

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Artificial hibernation/life-protective state induced by thiazoline-related innate fear odors was written by Matsuo, Tomohiko;Isosaka, Tomoko;Tang, Lijun;Soga, Tomoyoshi;Kobayakawa, Reiko;Kobayakawa, Ko. And the article was included in Communications Biology in 2021.Computed Properties of C4H7NS This article mentions the following:

Innate fear intimately connects to the life preservation in crises, although this relationships is not fully understood. Here, we report that presentation of a supernormal innate fear inducer 2-methyl-2-thiazoline (2MT), but not learned fear stimuli, induced robust systemic hypothermia/hypometabolism and suppressed aerobic metabolism via phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, thereby enabling long-term survival in a lethal hypoxic environment. These responses exerted potent therapeutic effects in cutaneous and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury models. In contrast to hibernation, 2MT stimulation accelerated glucose uptake in the brain and suppressed oxygen saturation in the blood. Whole-brain mapping and chemogenetic activation revealed that the sensory representation of 2MT orchestrates physiol. responses via brain stem Sp5/NST to midbrain PBN pathway. 2MT, as a supernormal stimulus of innate fear, induced exaggerated, latent life-protective effects in mice. If this system is preserved in humans, it may be utilized to give rise to a new field: “sensory medicine”. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Methyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole (cas: 2346-00-1Computed Properties of C4H7NS).

2-Methyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole (cas: 2346-00-1) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles frequently appear in peptide studies. Thiazoles can also be used as protected formyl groups, which can be released in later stages of complex natural product synthesis. Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. Prominent is the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis is a reaction between haloketones and thioamides.Computed Properties of C4H7NS

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Microwave-assisted solid-phase synthesis of cephalosporin derivatives with antibacterial activity was written by Kidwai, Mazaahir;Misra, Preeti;Bhushan, Kumar R.;Saxena, Rajendra K.;Singh, Meena. And the article was included in Monatshefte fuer Chemie in 2000.Name: 2-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

The reaction of heterocyclic acids with 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid adsorbed on basic alumina under microwave irradiation afforded the N-acylated cephalosporin analogs in satisfactory yield. All compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity; some of them showed significant antibacterial properties. Cefotaxime and cephalothin were used as reference drugs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)acetic acid (cas: 6295-57-4Name: 2-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)acetic acid).

2-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)acetic acid (cas: 6295-57-4) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles in peptides or their ability to bind proteins, DNA and RNA has led to many synthetic studies and new applications.Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. For example, 2,4-dimethylthiazole is synthesized from thioacetamide and chloroacetone.Name: 2-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)acetic acid

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

The human health implications of antibiotic resistance in environmental isolates from two nebraska watersheds was written by Donner, Linsey;Staley, Zachery R.;Petali, Jonathan;Sangster, Jodi;Li, Xu;Mathews, Wayne;Snow, Daniel;Howe, Adina;Soupir, Michelle;Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon. And the article was included in Microbiology Spectrum in 2022.Recommanded Product: 4-Amino-N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

One Health field-based approaches are needed to connect the occurrence of antibiotics present in the environment with the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Gram-neg. bacteria that confer resistance to antibiotics important in for both veterinary and human health. Water samples from two Nebraska watersheds influenced by wastewater effluent and agricultural runoff were tested for the presence of antibiotics used in veterinary and human medicine. The water samples were also cultured to identify the bacteria present. Of those bacteria isolated, the Gram-neg. rods capable of causing human infections had antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) performed to identify ARGs present. Of the 211 bacterial isolates identified, 37 belonged to pathogenic genera known to cause human infections. Genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fosfomycins, and quinolones were the most frequently detected ARGs associated with horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the watersheds. WGS also suggest recent HGT events involving ARGs transferred between watershed isolates and bacteria of human and animal origins. The results of this study demonstrate the linkage of antibiotics and bacterial ARGs present in the environment with potential human and/or veterinary health impacts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 72-14-0Recommanded Product: 4-Amino-N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide).

4-Amino-N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 72-14-0) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles frequently appear in peptide studies. Thiazoles can also be used as protected formyl groups, which can be released in later stages of complex natural product synthesis.Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. For example, 2,4-dimethylthiazole is synthesized from thioacetamide and chloroacetone.Recommanded Product: 4-Amino-N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Metal sulfide: An efficient promoter for the synthesis of 2-mercaptobenzothiazoles from 2-haloanilines and carbon disulfide was written by Zhang, Tianmiao;Qin, Weijing;Zhu, Ning;Han, Limin;Wang, Liubo;Hong, Hailong. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2017.Product Details of 80087-71-4 This article mentions the following:

A convenient method has been developed for the preparation of a variety of 2-mercaptobenzothiazoles from 2-haloanilines and CS₂ mediated by metal sulfide. In this reaction, 2-haloanilines reacted with CS₂ in the presence of Na₂S·9H₂O to form 2-mercaptobenzothiazoles. Na₂S·9H₂O functioned both as an activator of CS₂ and as a base. Furthermore, NMR anal. was used to identify the different reaction mechanisms of 2-haloanilines and CS₂ mediated by Na₂S or 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), which demonstrated that Na₂S interacted only with CS₂, while DBU reacted with both 2-iodoaniline and CS₂. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Fluorobenzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-thione (cas: 80087-71-4Product Details of 80087-71-4).

6-Fluorobenzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-thione (cas: 80087-71-4) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole rings are planar and aromatic. Thiazoles are characterized by larger pi-electron delocalization than the corresponding oxazoles and have therefore greater aromaticity.Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. For example, 2,4-dimethylthiazole is synthesized from thioacetamide and chloroacetone.Product Details of 80087-71-4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Stereodivergent, Diels-Alder-initiated organocascades employing α,β-unsaturated acylammonium salts: scope, mechanism, and application was written by Abbasov, Mikail E.;Hudson, Brandi M.;Tantillo, Dean J.;Romo, Daniel. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2017.Quality Control of (S)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hydrochloride This article mentions the following:

Chiral α,β-unsaturated acylammonium salts are novel dienophiles enabling enantioselective Diels-Alder-lactonization (DAL) organocascades leading to cis- and trans-fused, bicyclic γ- and δ-lactones from readily prepared dienes, commodity acid chlorides, and a chiral isothiourea organocatalyst under mild conditions. The authors describe extensions of stereodivergent DAL organocascades to other racemic dienes bearing pendant secondary and tertiary alcs., and application to a formal synthesis of (+)-dihydrocompactin is described. A combined exptl. and computational study of unsaturated acylammonium salt formation and the entire DAL organocascade pathway provide a rationalization of the effect of Bronsted base additives and enabled a controllable, diastereodivergent DAL process leading to a full complement of possible stereoisomeric products. Evaluation of free energy and enthalpy barriers in conjunction with exptl. observed temperature effects revealed that the DAL is a rare case of an entropy-controlled diastereoselective process. NMR anal. of diene alc.-Bronsted base interactions and computational studies provide a plausible explanation of observed stabilization of exo transition-state structures through H-bonding effects. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hydrochloride (cas: 16595-80-5Quality Control of (S)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hydrochloride).

(S)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hydrochloride (cas: 16595-80-5) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities. The pyridine-type nitrogen in the thiazole ring deactivates the ring for electrophilic substitution reactions, which is further reduced in acid due to protonation of the thiazole ring.Quality Control of (S)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hydrochloride

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Validated preclinical mouse model for therapeutic testing against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was written by Warawa, Jonathan M.;Duan, Xiaoxian;Anderson, Charles D.;Sotsky, Julie B.;Cramer, Daniel E.;Pfeffer, Tia L.;Guo, Haixun;Adcock, Scott;Lepak, Alexander J.;Andes, David R.;Slone, Stacey A.;Stromberg, Arnold J.;Gabbard, Jon D.;Severson, William E.;Lawrenz, Matthew B.. And the article was included in Microbiology Spectrum in 2022.Recommanded Product: 78110-38-0 This article mentions the following:

The rise in infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria is outpacing the development of new antibiotics. The ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) are a group of clin. important bacteria that have developed resistance to multiple antibiotics and are commonly referred to as multidrug resistant (MDR). The medical and research communities have recognized that, without new antimicrobials, infections by MDR bacteria will soon become a leading cause of morbidity and death. Therefore, there is an ever-growing need to expedite the development of novel antimicrobials to combat these infections. Toward this end, we set out to refine an existing mouse model of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection to generate a robust preclin. tool that can be used to rapidly and accurately predict novel antimicrobial efficacy. This refinement was achieved by characterizing the virulence of a panel of genetically diverse MDR P. aeruginosa strains in this model, by both 50% LD (LD₅₀) anal. and natural history studies. Further, we defined two antibiotic regimens (aztreonam and amikacin) that can be used as comparators during the future evaluation of novel antimicrobials, and we confirmed that the model can effectively differentiate between successful and unsuccessful treatments, as predicted by in vitro inhibitory data. This validated model represents an important tool in our arsenal to develop new therapies to combat MDR P. aeruginosa strains, with the ability to provide rapid preclin. evaluation of novel antimicrobials and support data from clin. studies during the investigational drug development process. IMPORTANCE The prevalence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens is a growing problem that necessitates the development of new antibiotics. Preclin. animal models are important tools to facilitate and speed the development of novel antimicrobials. Successful outcomes in animal models not only justify progression of new drugs into human clin. trials but also can support FDA decisions if clin. trial sizes are small due to a small population of infections with specific drug-resistant strains. However, in both cases the preclin. animal model needs to be well characterized and provide robust and reproducible data. Toward this goal, we have refined an existing mouse model to better predict the efficacy of novel antibiotics. This improved model provides an important tool to better predict the clin. success of new antibiotics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-((((Z)-1-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(((2S,3S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-sulfoazetidin-3-yl)amino)-2-oxoethylidene)amino)oxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid (cas: 78110-38-0Recommanded Product: 78110-38-0).

2-((((Z)-1-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(((2S,3S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-sulfoazetidin-3-yl)amino)-2-oxoethylidene)amino)oxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid (cas: 78110-38-0) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole is a five-membered, unsaturated, planar, π-excessive heteroaromatic containing one sulfur atom and one pyridine-type nitrogen atom at position 3 of the cyclic ring system. The nitrogen in thiazole is sp2 hybridized and the lone pair of electrons localized on the nitrogen is less reactive due to increased aromatic character and decreased basicity. It is protonated and alkylated/acylated at nitrogen forming hydrochloride and quaternary thiazolium salt.Recommanded Product: 78110-38-0

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

2-Substituted-thio-N-(4-substituted-thiazol/1H-imidazol-2-yl)acetamides as BACE1 inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies was written by Yan, Gang;Hao, Lina;Niu, Yan;Huang, Wenjie;Wang, Wei;Xu, Fengrong;Liang, Lei;Wang, Chao;Jin, Hongwei;Xu, Ping. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.SDS of cas: 105512-81-0 This article mentions the following:

In this work, a series of 2-substituted-thio-N-(4-substituted-thiazol/1H-imidazol-2-yl)acetamide derivatives, I (R¹ = Ph, 4-MeC₆H₄, 2-O₂NC₆H₄, etc.; R₂ = 2-MeOC₆H₄,3-MeOC₆H₄, 4-MeOC₆H₄, 3-EtOC₆H₄), II (R³ = Ph, 3,5-Cl₂-4-NH₂Ph; R⁴ = 3-MeOPh, 3-EtOPh), were developed as β-secretase (BACE-1) inhibitors. Supported by docking study, a small library of derivatives were designed, synthesized and biol. evaluated in vitro. In addition, the selected compounds were tested with affinity (K_D) towards BACE-1, blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and cytotoxicity. The studies revealed that the most potent analog II (R³ = Ph; R⁴ = 3-EtOC₆H₄) (IC₅₀ = 4.6 μM) with high predicted BBB permeability and low cellular cytotoxicity, could serve as a good lead structure for further optimization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-4-(3-bromophenyl)thiazole (cas: 105512-81-0SDS of cas: 105512-81-0).

2-Amino-4-(3-bromophenyl)thiazole (cas: 105512-81-0) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles in peptides or their ability to bind proteins, DNA and RNA has led to many synthetic studies and new applications. Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. Prominent is the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis is a reaction between haloketones and thioamides.SDS of cas: 105512-81-0

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Detection and Prevention of Aggregation-based False Positives in STD-NMR-based Fragment Screening was written by Vom, Amelia;Headey, Stephen;Wang, Geqing;Capuano, Ben;Yuriev, Elizabeth;Scanlon, Martin J.;Simpson, Jamie S.. And the article was included in Australian Journal of Chemistry in 2013.Recommanded Product: 4-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)phenol This article mentions the following:

Aggregation of small organic compounds is a problem encountered in a variety of assay screening formats where it often results in detection of false positives. A saturation transfer difference-NMR-detected screen of a com. available fragment library, followed by biochem. assay, identified several inhibitors of the enzyme ketopantoate reductase. These inhibitors were subsequently revealed to be aggregation-based false positives. Modification of the fragment screen by addition of detergent in the saturation transfer difference-NMR experiments allowed an assay format to be developed that resulted in the identification of genuine hit mols. suitable for further development. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)phenol (cas: 57634-55-6Recommanded Product: 4-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)phenol).

4-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)phenol (cas: 57634-55-6) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities. Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. Prominent is the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis is a reaction between haloketones and thioamides.Recommanded Product: 4-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)phenol

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Unsymmetrical nickel (PCN) pincer complexes with a benzothiazole side-arm: Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical properties was written by Luconi, Lapo;Tuci, Giulia;Gafurov, Zufar N.;Mercuri, Giorgio;Kagilev, Alexey A.;Pettinari, Claudio;Morozov, Vladimir I.;Yakhvarov, Dmitry G.;Rossin, Andrea;Giambastiani, Giuliano. And the article was included in Inorganica Chimica Acta in 2021.Name: 2-Chlorobenzothiazole This article mentions the following:

The newly prepared unsym. PCN-pincer ligand with a benzothiazole side-arm 2-(3-((di-tert-butylphosphino)methyl)phenoxy)benzothiazole [BzTz(H)PCN] has been cyclometalated with anhydrous NiBr₂ to get the corresponding Ni^II square planar bromo complex [(BzTzPCN)NiBr] (1) after HBr elimination and C-H activation on the pincer central Ph ring. Starting from 1, reaction with AgF in toluene or with AgBF₄ in THF led to bromide abstraction and formation of the fluoro complex [(BzTzPCN)NiF] (2) and the ionic aqua species [(BzTzPCN)Ni(H₂O)][BF₄] (3), resp. All species have been characterized in solution (multinuclear ¹H, ¹³C{¹H}, ³¹P{¹H} and ¹¹B NMR spectroscopy) and in the solid state (single-crystal X-ray diffraction anal.). Finally, comparative electrochem. measurements (CV and in situ EPR-spectroelectrochem.) carried out on the halide complexes 1 and 2 revealed that the anodic oxidation process leads to the formation of stable Ni^III species bearing a coordinated bromide ligand in case of 1 and a fluoride-free complex in case of 2. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chlorobenzothiazole (cas: 615-20-3Name: 2-Chlorobenzothiazole).

2-Chlorobenzothiazole (cas: 615-20-3) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities. The pyridine-type nitrogen in the thiazole ring deactivates the ring for electrophilic substitution reactions, which is further reduced in acid due to protonation of the thiazole ring.Name: 2-Chlorobenzothiazole

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica