Day: February 22, 2023

Identification and migration studies of photolytic decomposition products of UV-photoinitiators in food packaging was written by Scarsella, Joseph B.;Zhang, Nan;Hartman, Thomas G.. And the article was included in Molecules in 2019.Computed Properties of C4H5NOS This article mentions the following:

UV-curable inks, coatings, and adhesives are being increasingly used in food packaging systems. When exposed to UV energy, UV-photoinitiators (PI’s) present in the formulations produce free radicals which catalyze polymerization of monomers and pre-polymers into resins. In addition to photopolymerization, other free radical reactions occur in these systems resulting in the formation of chem. varied photolytic decomposition products, many of which are low mol. weight chem. species with high migration potential. This research conducted model experiments in which 24 commonly used PI’s were exposed to UV-energy at the typical upper limit of com. UV-printing press conditions. UV-irradiated PI’s were analyzed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electrospray-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in order to identify photolytic decomposition products. Subsequently, migration studies of 258 UV-cure food packaging samples were conducted using GC-MS; PI’s and photolytic decomposition products were found in nearly all samples analyzed. One hundred-thirteen photolytic decomposition products were identified. Eighteen intact PI’s and 21 photolytic decomposition products were observed as migrants from the 258 samples analyzed, and these were evaluated for frequency of occurrence and migratory concentration range. The most commonly observed PI’s were 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone and benzophenone. The most commonly observed photolytic decomposition products were 2,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde and 1-phenyl-2-butanone. This compilation of PI photolytic decomposition data and associated migration data will aid industry in identifying and tracing non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) in food packaging materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Methoxythiazole (cas: 14542-13-3Computed Properties of C4H5NOS).

2-Methoxythiazole (cas: 14542-13-3) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole is a five-membered, unsaturated, planar, 蟺-excessive heteroaromatic containing one sulfur atom and one pyridine-type nitrogen atom at position 3 of the cyclic ring system. There are numerous natural products that possess a thiazole ring with broad pharmacological activities. Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, possesses a thiazole ring linked with 2-methylpyrimidine-4-amine as hydrochloride salt.Computed Properties of C4H5NOS

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Copper-mediated [3 + 2] cycloaddition of trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides and N-isocyanoiminotriphenylphosphorane for the synthesis of 3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazoles was written by Yang, Hefei;Lu, Shu-Ning;Song, Yufei;Chen, Zhengkai;Wu, Xiao-Feng. And the article was included in Organic Chemistry Frontiers in 2021.COA of Formula: C7H9NS This article mentions the following:

Herein, a facile and straightforward route to synthesize 3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazoles via copper-mediated [3 + 2] cycloaddition of trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides and N-isocyanoiminotriphenylphosphorane (NIITP) has been described. Mo(CO)₆ is utilized as an effective promotor to activate NIITP. The transformation features readily accessible reagents, mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope and high efficiency, and could be reproducible on a 3 mmol scale. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(Methylthio)aniline (cas: 104-96-1COA of Formula: C7H9NS).

4-(Methylthio)aniline (cas: 104-96-1) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole is a five-membered, unsaturated, planar, 蟺-excessive heteroaromatic containing one sulfur atom and one pyridine-type nitrogen atom at position 3 of the cyclic ring system.Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. For example, 2,4-dimethylthiazole is synthesized from thioacetamide and chloroacetone.COA of Formula: C7H9NS

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Aqua[(benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)acetato-魏O]bis(1,10-phenanthroline-魏²N,N’)cadmium(II) nitrate monohydrate was written by Bian, He Dong;Huang, Fu Ping;Yu, Qing;Liang, Hong. And the article was included in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Structure Reports Online in 2007.Reference of 6295-57-4 This article mentions the following:

Crystals of the title compound are triclinic, space group P1虆; Z = 2. The Cd atom is coordinated by four N atoms [Cd-N 2.376(3)-2.394(3) 脜] and two O atoms [Cd-O 2.240(2)-2.274(3) 脜] in a distorted octahedral geometry. The crystal structure exhibits intermol. O-H路路路O H bonds and 蟺-蟺 stacking interactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)acetic acid (cas: 6295-57-4Reference of 6295-57-4).

2-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)acetic acid (cas: 6295-57-4) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles in peptides or their ability to bind proteins, DNA and RNA has led to many synthetic studies and new applications. Thiazole sulfonation occurs only under forcing conditions: the action of oleum at 250 掳C for 3 hours in the presence of mercury(II) sulfate leads to 65% formation of 5-thiazole sulfonic acid.Reference of 6295-57-4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Chemical synthesis, molecular modeling and pharmacophore mapping of new pyrrole derivatives as inhibitors of InhA enzyme and Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth was written by Joshi, Shrinivas D.;Kumar, S. R. Prem;Patil, Sonali;Vijayakumar, M.;Kulkarni, Venkatarao H.;Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.;Badiger, Aravind M.;Lherbet, Christian;Aminabhavi, Tejraj M.. And the article was included in Medicinal Chemistry Research in 2019.Safety of 2-Amino-4-(3-bromophenyl)thiazole This article mentions the following:

Abstract: Substituted phenylthiazolyl benzamide and pyrrolyl benzamide derivatives were developed using mol. hybridization technique to create novel lead antimycobacterial mols. used to fight against Mycobacteriumtuberculosis. The newly synthesized mols. have inhibited InhA, the enoyl-ACP reductase enzyme from the mycobacterial type II fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. Of these, compound 3b showed H-bonding interactions with Tyr158 and co-factor NAD⁺ that binds the active site of InhA. All the mols. were screened for in vitro antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis H₃₇Rv, as well as some representative mols. as the inhibitors of InhA. Thirteen compounds exhibited good anti-TB activities (MIC = 1.6渭g/mL), but only few representative mols. showed the moderate InhA enzyme inhibition activity. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-4-(3-bromophenyl)thiazole (cas: 105512-81-0Safety of 2-Amino-4-(3-bromophenyl)thiazole).

2-Amino-4-(3-bromophenyl)thiazole (cas: 105512-81-0) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The thiazole ring has been identified as a central feature of numerous natural products, perhaps the most famous example of which is epothilone. Thiazole sulfonation occurs only under forcing conditions: the action of oleum at 250 掳C for 3 hours in the presence of mercury(II) sulfate leads to 65% formation of 5-thiazole sulfonic acid.Safety of 2-Amino-4-(3-bromophenyl)thiazole

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Impact of Preferential 蟺-Binding in Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation of Thiazole Derivatives was written by Smith, Mitchell L.;Leone, Amanda K.;Zimmerman, Paul M.;McNeil, Anne J.. And the article was included in ACS Macro Letters in 2016.Name: Methyl 2-amino-5-bromothiazole-4-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

Polymerizing electron-deficient arenes in a controlled, chain-growth fashion remains a significant challenge despite a decade of research on catalyst-transfer polycondensation. The prevailing hypothesis is that the chain-growth mechanism stalls at a strongly associated metal-polymer 蟺-complex, preventing catalyst turnover. To evaluate this hypothesis, we performed mechanistic studies using thiazole derivatives and identified approaches to improve their chain-growth polymerization These studies revealed a surprisingly high barrier for chain-walking toward the reactive C-X bond. In addition, a competitive pathway involving chain-transfer to monomer was identified. This pathway is facilitated by ancillary ligand dissociation and N-coordination to the incoming monomer. We found that this chain-transfer pathway can be attenuated by using a rigid ancillary ligand, leading to an improved polymerization Combined, these studies provide mechanistic insight into the challenges associated with electron-deficient monomers and ways to improve their living, chain-growth polymerization Our mechanistic studies also revealed an unexpected radical anion-mediated oligomerization in the absence of catalyst, and a surprising oxidative addition into the thiazole C-S bond in a model system. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-amino-5-bromothiazole-4-carboxylate (cas: 850429-60-6Name: Methyl 2-amino-5-bromothiazole-4-carboxylate).

Methyl 2-amino-5-bromothiazole-4-carboxylate (cas: 850429-60-6) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole rings are planar and aromatic. Thiazoles are characterized by larger pi-electron delocalization than the corresponding oxazoles and have therefore greater aromaticity. Thiazole sulfonation occurs only under forcing conditions: the action of oleum at 250 掳C for 3 hours in the presence of mercury(II) sulfate leads to 65% formation of 5-thiazole sulfonic acid.Name: Methyl 2-amino-5-bromothiazole-4-carboxylate

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of 2-amino substituted benzothiazoles was written by Pattan, Shashikant R.;Pujar, V. D.;Dighe, Nachiket S.;Musmade, Deepak S.;Hiremath, S. N.;Shinde, H. V.;Laware, R. B.. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry in 2010.HPLC of Formula: 89793-81-7 This article mentions the following:

New pyrazinyl-substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles were prepared by multiple steps. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by m.p., TLC, IR, and H¹ NMR. All the compounds showed promising anti-inflammatory activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 7-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 89793-81-7HPLC of Formula: 89793-81-7).

7-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 89793-81-7) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles frequently appear in peptide studies. Thiazoles can also be used as protected formyl groups, which can be released in later stages of complex natural product synthesis. The pyridine-type nitrogen in the thiazole ring deactivates the ring for electrophilic substitution reactions, which is further reduced in acid due to protonation of the thiazole ring.HPLC of Formula: 89793-81-7

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Solubility of several sulfanilamide compounds in water and in water-alcohol mixtures was written by Sapozhnikova, N. V.;Postovskii, I. Ya.. And the article was included in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Sankt-Peterburg, Russian Federation) in 1944.Reference of 127-76-4 This article mentions the following:

The solubilities in water of sulfanilamide, sulfaguanidine, sulfapyridine, sulfamethylthiazole, sulfathiazole, sulfamethyldiazine and their Ac derivatives were determined at 20-39掳. N’-heterocyclic derivatives have poor water solubility Heats of solution range from 9500 to 10, 600 cal./mol. All compounds, except diacetylsulfanilamide have maximum solubility in EtOH-water mixtures of 67-76% EtOH. Solubilities in water up to 100掳 are given in graphical form. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(4-(N-(Thiazol-2-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)acetamide (cas: 127-76-4Reference of 127-76-4).

N-(4-(N-(Thiazol-2-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)acetamide (cas: 127-76-4) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities. Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. Prominent is the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis is a reaction between haloketones and thioamides.Reference of 127-76-4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Aztreonam in combination with imipenem-relebactam against clinical and isogenic strains of serine and metallo-尾-lactamase-producing enterobacterales was written by Biagi, Mark;Lee, Michelle;Wu, Tiffany;Shajee, Aisha;Patel, Shitalben;Deshpande, Lalitagauri M.;Mendes, Rodrigo E.;Wenzler, Eric. And the article was included in Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease in 2022.Product Details of 78110-38-0 This article mentions the following:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of aztreonam plus imipenem-relebactam against clin. and isogenic strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae co-harboring NDM and > 1 serine 尾-lactamase.Thirteen isolates were included: 4 clin. E. coli, 4 clin. K. pneumoniae, and 5 isogenic E. coli. Drugs were tested in time-kill analyses alone, in dual 尾-lactam combinations, and in triple drug combinations against all strains.All isolates were resistant to imipenem and imipenem-relebactam, and 85% were aztreonam-resistant. Neither imipenem nor imipenem-relebactam was bactericidal alone while aztreonam was bactericidal against 54% of isolates. The combination of aztreonam+imipenem was bactericidal and synergistic against 7/13 and 10/13 isolates. The addition of relebactam to this combination resulted in synergy against all 11 aztreonam-resistant clin. isolates.Aztreonam plus imipenem-relebactam may be a viable treatment option for aztreonam-non-susceptible NDM and serine 尾-lactamase-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-((((Z)-1-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(((2S,3S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-sulfoazetidin-3-yl)amino)-2-oxoethylidene)amino)oxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid (cas: 78110-38-0Product Details of 78110-38-0).

2-((((Z)-1-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(((2S,3S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-sulfoazetidin-3-yl)amino)-2-oxoethylidene)amino)oxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid (cas: 78110-38-0) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles frequently appear in peptide studies. Thiazoles can also be used as protected formyl groups, which can be released in later stages of complex natural product synthesis.Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. For example, 2,4-dimethylthiazole is synthesized from thioacetamide and chloroacetone.Product Details of 78110-38-0

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Development of a QPatch Automated Electrophysiology Assay for Identifying KCa3.1 Inhibitors and Activators was written by Jenkins, David Paul;Yu, Weifeng;Brown, Brandon M.;Lojkner, Lars Damgaard;Wulff, Heike. And the article was included in Assay and Drug Development Technologies in 2013.Category: thiazole This article mentions the following:

The intermediate-conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channel KCa3.1 (also known as KCNN4, IK1, or the Gardos channel) plays an important role in the activation of T and B cells, mast cells, macrophages, and microglia by regulating membrane potential, cellular volume, and calcium signaling. KCa3.1 is further involved in the proliferation of dedifferentiated vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblast and endothelium-derived hyperpolarization responses in the vascular endothelium. Accordingly, KCa3.1 inhibitors are therapeutically interesting as immunosuppressants and for the treatment of a wide range of fibroproliferative disorders, whereas KCa3.1 activators constitute a potential new class of endothelial function preserving antihypertensives. Here, we report the development of QPatch assays for both KCa3.1 inhibitors and activators. During assay optimization, the Ca²⁺ sensitivity of KCa3.1 was studied using varying intracellular Ca²⁺ concentrations A free Ca²⁺ concentration of 1 渭M was chosen to optimally test inhibitors. To identify activators, which generally act as pos. gating modulators, a lower Ca²⁺ concentration (鈭?00 nM) was used. The QPatch results were benchmarked against manual patch-clamp electrophysiol. by determining the potency of several commonly used KCa3.1 inhibitors (TRAM-34, NS6180, ChTX) and activators (EBIO, riluzole, SKA-31). Collectively, our results demonstrate that the QPatch provides a comparable but much faster approach to study compound interactions with KCa3.1 channels in a robust and reliable assay. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 40172-65-4Category: thiazole).

Naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 40172-65-4) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles frequently appear in peptide studies. Thiazoles can also be used as protected formyl groups, which can be released in later stages of complex natural product synthesis. Electrophilic attack at nitrogen depends on the presence of electron density at nitrogen as well as the position and nature of substituent linked to the thiazole ring.Category: thiazole

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

New oral anthelmintic intraruminal delivery device for cattle was written by Vandamme, Thierry F.. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmacy and BioAllied Sciences in 2014.Safety of (S)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hydrochloride This article mentions the following:

Background: The purpose of this work was to develop a new oral drug delivery system intended for cattle and that enables delayed and pulsed release of an anthelmintic agent. Materials: This new tailored dosage form, also called reticulo-rumen device (RRD) has been evaluated on grazing calves by means of measurements of milliunits of tyrosine concentration, number of eggs per g of feces, mean number of infective larvae on cattle pasture and increase in mean weight of cattle. Methods: The in vivo evaluation was carried out during two grazing seasons on different groups of dairy cattle. During the first grazing season, Group 1 was designated as an untreated control group. The remaining two were assigned to different treatments as follows: Group 2, early season suppression with a marketed intraruminal slow release bolus (Chronomintic , Virbac) administered immediately prior to turn-out and Group 3, mid-season suppression with a new RRD administered immediately prior to turn out. When the cattle were turned out at the start of the second grazing season, they were not given any anthelmintic treatment and were divided into two different groups, corresponding to the previous groups that received an anthelmintic treatment during the first grazing season, on that pasture that they had occupied as sep. groups in the previous year. Furthermore, during the second season, samples of feces, blood and herbage were collected every month. Results and Conclusion: During the first grazing season, the results indicated that the fecal egg counts and the number of infective larvae in herbage samples were slightly lower for the group receiving the new RRDs. Regular weighing of the cattle receiving the new RRDs revealed no significant difference with cattle receiving marketed RRDs. Conversely, during the second grazing season, the results for the mean weights of the cattle demonstrated that the weights of animals having been administered new RRDs during the first grazing season were significantly different (P < 0.05) from those in the second group treated with a Chronomintic during the first grazing season. A difference in mean weight of 26 kg was observed between these two groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hydrochloride (cas: 16595-80-5Safety of (S)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hydrochloride).

(S)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hydrochloride (cas: 16595-80-5) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The thiazole ring has been identified as a central feature of numerous natural products, perhaps the most famous example of which is epothilone. Thiazole is a versatile building block for the construction and lead generation of new drug discoveries. Numerous diazole-based compounds are in clinical use as anticancer, antileukemic, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, antirheumatic, immunomodulator, and antiparasitic agents.Safety of (S)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hydrochloride

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica