Day: February 22, 2023

In silico study of naphtha [1, 2-d] thiazol-2-amine with adenosine A_2A receptor and its role in antagonism of haloperidol-induced motor impairments in mice was written by Luthra, Pratibha Mehta;Prakash, Amresh;Barodia, Sandeep Kumar;Kumari, Rita;Mishra, Chandra Bhushan;Kumar, J. B. Senthil. And the article was included in Neuroscience Letters in 2009.Safety of Naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine This article mentions the following:

Loss of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons in the substantia nigra leads to Parkinson’s disease (PD). Adenosine A_2A receptors (A_2ARs) have been anticipated as novel therapeutic target for PD. A_2ARs potentiate locomotor behavior and are predominantly expressed in striatum. Naphtha [1, 2-d] thiazol-2-amine (NATA), a tricyclic thiazole have been studied as new anti-Parkinsonian compound AutoDock anal. and pharmacophore study of NATA with known A_2AR antagonists explicit its efficacy as a possible adenosine receptor antagonist. In vivo pharmacol. of NATA showed reduction of haloperidol (HAL)-induced motor impairments in Swiss albino male mice. Relatively elevated levels of dopamine in NATA pre-treated mice are suggestive of its possible role as neuromodulator in PD. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 40172-65-4Safety of Naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine).

Naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 40172-65-4) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole is a five-membered, unsaturated, planar, π-excessive heteroaromatic containing one sulfur atom and one pyridine-type nitrogen atom at position 3 of the cyclic ring system. Thiazole is a versatile building block for the construction and lead generation of new drug discoveries. Numerous diazole-based compounds are in clinical use as anticancer, antileukemic, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, antirheumatic, immunomodulator, and antiparasitic agents.Safety of Naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-amine

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Thiazolylalkylamines: synthesis of congeners of imidazolylethylamines and their effects on gastric secretion was written by Vitali, T.;Impicciatore, M.;Plazzi, P. V.;Bordi, F.;Morini, G.. And the article was included in Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica in 1986.Electric Literature of C5H8N2OS This article mentions the following:

Eight 2-aminothiazolylethylamines (I, R = NH₂, NHMe, or NMe₂; R¹ and R² = H, Me; X = Y = N, S), as well as 4 related compounds unsaturated in the ring or side chain, were prepared by 3 different reaction sequences, for which the mechanisms are illustrated. Since these compounds contain the S-aminoalkylisothiourea group which, in other instances stimulates gastric secretion, they were tested for histaminic-H₂ agonist activity in vitro (isolated guinea pig fundus) and in vivo (gastric acid secretion in the cat) and for some other activities. Examination of structure-activity relations excluded the possibility that the juxtanuclear NH₂ group of the compounds interacts with the H₂ receptor; the 2-aminothiazole moiety is not pharmacol. equivalent to the 2-aminoimidazole or isothiourea groups. This strengthens the hypothesis that the flexibility of the mol. is a fundamental requirement for the H₂-stimulant properties of S-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)isothiourea and that the different behavior of 2-aminohistamine relative to 2-methylhistamine is due to the existence of a hydrophilic area in the histaminic-H₂ receptor which is capable of accepting the juxtanuclear NH₂ group of the former. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)thiazole (cas: 105773-93-1Electric Literature of C5H8N2OS).

2-Amino-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)thiazole (cas: 105773-93-1) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole is a five-membered, unsaturated, planar, π-excessive heteroaromatic containing one sulfur atom and one pyridine-type nitrogen atom at position 3 of the cyclic ring system. Thiazole is a versatile building block for the construction and lead generation of new drug discoveries. Numerous diazole-based compounds are in clinical use as anticancer, antileukemic, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, antirheumatic, immunomodulator, and antiparasitic agents.Electric Literature of C5H8N2OS

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Formation of azomethines from 2-aminothiazoles and (heterocyclic) aromatic aldehydes was written by Hopkinson, Christopher;Meakins, George Denis;Purcell, Roberts James. And the article was included in Synthesis in 1991.HPLC of Formula: 74370-93-7 This article mentions the following:

Reexamination of previous work and new studies show that the reactions of 2-aminothiazoles with (heterocyclic) aromatic aldehydes are not straightforward; there are wide divergencies in behavior between the various amine-aldehyde pairs. Simple efficient procedures for preparing 2-(alkylideneamino)thiazole derivatives I (R¹ = H, R² = 2-thienyl, 2-furyl, Ph, 4-O₂NC₆H₄, 4-MeOC₆H₄; R¹ = Me, CMe₃, Ph, R² = 4-MeOC₆H₄, 4-Me₂NC₆H₄, 4-C₂NC₆H₄) and [bis(thiazol-2-ylamino)methyl]arenes II were developed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(tert-Butyl)thiazol-2-amine (cas: 74370-93-7HPLC of Formula: 74370-93-7).

4-(tert-Butyl)thiazol-2-amine (cas: 74370-93-7) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The thiazole ring has been identified as a central feature of numerous natural products, perhaps the most famous example of which is epothilone. There are numerous natural products that possess a thiazole ring with broad pharmacological activities. Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, possesses a thiazole ring linked with 2-methylpyrimidine-4-amine as hydrochloride salt.HPLC of Formula: 74370-93-7

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Kinase inhibitor profile for human Nek1, Nek6, and Nek7 and analysis of the structural basis for inhibitor specificity was written by Moraes, Eduardo Cruz;Meirelles, Gabriela Vaz;Honorato, Rodrigo Vargas;Brasil de Souza, Tatiana de Arruda Campos;Elisa de Souza, Edmarcia;Murakami, Mario Tyago;Lopes de Oliveira, Paulo Sergio;Kobarg, Jorg. And the article was included in Molecules in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-3-(5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)urea This article mentions the following:

Human Neks are a conserved protein kinase family related to cell cycle progression and cell division and are considered potential drug targets for the treatment of cancer and other pathologies. We screened the activation loop mutant kinases hNek1 and hNek2, wild-type hNek7, and five hNek6 variants in different activation/phosphorylation statesand compared them against 85 compounds using thermal shift denaturation. We identified three compounds with significant Tm shifts: JNK Inhibitor II for hNek1(Δ262-1258)-(T162A), Isogranulatimide for hNek6(S206A), andGSK-3 Inhibitor XIII for hNek7wt. Each one of these compounds was also validated by reducing the kinases activity by at least 25%. The binding sites for these compounds were identified by in silico docking at the ATP-binding site of the resp. hNeks. Potential inhibitors were first screened by thermal shift assays, had their efficiency tested by a kinase assay, and were finally analyzed by mol. docking. Our findings corroborate the idea of ATP-competitive inhibition for hNek1 and hNek6 and suggest a novel non-competitive inhibition for hNek7 in regard to GSK-3 Inhibitor XIII. Our results demonstrate that our approach is useful for finding promising general and specific hNekscandidate inhibitors, which may also function as scaffolds to design more potent and selective inhibitors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-3-(5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)urea (cas: 487021-52-3Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-3-(5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)urea).

1-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-3-(5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)urea (cas: 487021-52-3) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The higher aromaticity of thiazole is due to delocalization of a lone pair of sulfur electrons across the ring, which is evidenced by chemical shifts of ring hydrogen at δ 7.27 and 8.77 ppm (C2 and C4), indicating diamagnetic ring current. There are numerous natural products that possess a thiazole ring with broad pharmacological activities. Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, possesses a thiazole ring linked with 2-methylpyrimidine-4-amine as hydrochloride salt.Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-3-(5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)urea

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Cyclometalated Half-Sandwich Iridium Complex for Catalytic Hydrogenation of Imines and Quinolines was written by Yao, Zi-Jian;Lin, Nan;Qiao, Xin-Chao;Zhu, Jing-Wei;Deng, Wei. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2018.Category: thiazole This article mentions the following:

Several C,N-chelate cyclometalated half-sandwich iridium-based catalysts [Cp*IrCl(2-ArBztz)] (1–5, H-ArBztz = arylbenzothiazole) for imines and quinoline derivatives reduction have been prepared through metal-mediated C-H bond activation based on benzothiazole ligands. These iridium complexes exhibited high catalytic activity for hydrogenation of various types of imines with high yields. The most active catalyst was obtained from methoxy substituted complex [2, HArBztz = 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzothiazole] showing the catalytic TOF value of 975 h^-1 for the reduction of N-phenylacetophenoneketimine (6a). Addnl., these half-sandwich complexes also showed high efficiency for the catalytic hydrogenation of N-heterocyclic quinoline derivatives Good catalytic activity was displayed for various kinds of substrates with either electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups. Complexes 1–5 were fully characterized by NMR, IR, and elemental anal. Mol. structures of complexes 1 (ArH = Ph) and 4 (ArH = 4-ClC₆H₄) were further confirmed by X-ray diffraction anal. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)benzothiazole (cas: 6265-92-5Category: thiazole).

2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)benzothiazole (cas: 6265-92-5) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities. Electrophilic attack at nitrogen depends on the presence of electron density at nitrogen as well as the position and nature of substituent linked to the thiazole ring.Category: thiazole

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

A highly efficient palladium-catalyzed desulfitative arylation of azoles with sodium arylsulfinates was written by Wang, Min;Li, Dengke;Zhou, Wei;Wang, Lei. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2012.Related Products of 2942-06-5 This article mentions the following:

A highly efficient palladium-catalyzed direct desulfitative arylation of azoles at C2-position has been developed using sodium arylsulfinates as aryl sources. Azoles including benzoxazoles, benzothiazoles, oxazoles, thiazoles, and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles reacted with sodium arylsulfinates smoothly to generate the corresponding products in good to excellent yields, and various substitution patterns were tolerated toward the reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Nitrobenzothiazole (cas: 2942-06-5Related Products of 2942-06-5).

6-Nitrobenzothiazole (cas: 2942-06-5) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities. The pyridine-type nitrogen in the thiazole ring deactivates the ring for electrophilic substitution reactions, which is further reduced in acid due to protonation of the thiazole ring.Related Products of 2942-06-5

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Synthesis of a new [3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxo-1, 3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene]acetic acid derivative was written by Szczepanski, Jacek;Tuszewska, Helena;Trotsko, Nazar. And the article was included in Molbank in 2020.Related Products of 92972-48-0 This article mentions the following:

The new I was synthesized from II using di-Me acetylenedicarboxylate as thia-Michael reaction acceptor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorothiazole-5-carbaldehyde (cas: 92972-48-0Related Products of 92972-48-0).

2,4-Dichlorothiazole-5-carbaldehyde (cas: 92972-48-0) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles frequently appear in peptide studies. Thiazoles can also be used as protected formyl groups, which can be released in later stages of complex natural product synthesis. Thiazole sulfonation occurs only under forcing conditions: the action of oleum at 250 °C for 3 hours in the presence of mercury(II) sulfate leads to 65% formation of 5-thiazole sulfonic acid.Related Products of 92972-48-0

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Stability study on cefotiam hydrochloride and xylitol injection formulation was written by Hu, Zhong-jie;Zhou, Lei;Miao, Pei-hong. And the article was included in Xibei Yaoxue Zazhi in 2007.Application of 66309-69-1 This article mentions the following:

This paper aims to study the stability of cefotiam hydrochloride and xylitol injection formulation. Cefotiam hydrochloride and xylitol injection formulation was placed at room temperature (25°) for 8 h, and during this period its content change was determined by UV spectrophotometry. Its appearance, pH and particle changes were observed at the same time. It was found that cefotiam hydrochloride and xylitol injection formulation kept stable within 6 h. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (6R,7R)-7-(2-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido)-3-(((1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio)methyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid dihydrochloride (cas: 66309-69-1Application of 66309-69-1).

(6R,7R)-7-(2-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido)-3-(((1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio)methyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid dihydrochloride (cas: 66309-69-1) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities. Electrophilic attack at nitrogen depends on the presence of electron density at nitrogen as well as the position and nature of substituent linked to the thiazole ring.Application of 66309-69-1

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Environmental toxicology and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals from hospital wastewater was written by Escher, Beate I.;Baumgartner, Rebekka;Koller, Mirjam;Treyer, Karin;Lienert, Judit;McArdell, Christa S.. And the article was included in Water Research in 2011.Formula: C6H8ClNS This article mentions the following:

In this paper, we evaluated the ecotoxicol. potential of the 100 pharmaceuticals expected to occur in highest quantities in the wastewater of a general hospital and a psychiatric center in Switzerland. We related the toxicity data to predicted concentrations in different wastewater streams to assess the overall risk potential for different scenarios, including conventional biol. pretreatment in the hospital and urine source separation The concentrations in wastewater were estimated with pharmaceutical usage information provided by the hospitals and literature data on human excretion into feces and urine. Environmental concentrations in the effluents of the exposure scenarios were predicted by estimating dilution in sewers and with literature data on elimination during wastewater treatment. Effect assessment was performed using quant. structure-activity relationships because exptl. ecotoxicity data were only available for less than 20% of the 100 pharmaceuticals with expected highest loads. As many pharmaceuticals are acids or bases, a correction for the speciation was implemented in the toxicity prediction model. The lists of Top-100 pharmaceuticals were distinctly different between the two hospital types with only 37 pharmaceuticals overlapping in both datasets. 31 Pharmaceuticals in the general hospital and 42 pharmaceuticals in the psychiatric center had a risk quotient above 0.01 and thus contributed to the mixture risk quotient. However, together they constituted only 14% (hospital) and 30% (psychiatry) of the load of pharmaceuticals. Hence, medical consumption data alone are insufficient predictors of environmental risk. The risk quotients were dominated by amiodarone, ritonavir, clotrimazole, and diclofenac. Only diclofenac is well researched in ecotoxicol., while amiodarone, ritonavir, and clotrimazole have no or very limited exptl. fate or toxicity data available. The presented computational anal. thus helps setting priorities for further testing. Sep. treatment of hospital wastewater would reduce the pharmaceutical load of wastewater treatment plants, and the risk from the newly identified priority pharmaceuticals. However, because high-risk pharmaceuticals are excreted mainly with feces, urine source separation is not a viable option for reducing the risk potential from hospital wastewater, while a sorption step could be beneficial. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-(2-Chloroethyl)-4-methylthiazole (cas: 533-45-9Formula: C6H8ClNS).

5-(2-Chloroethyl)-4-methylthiazole (cas: 533-45-9) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole is a five-membered, unsaturated, planar, π-excessive heteroaromatic containing one sulfur atom and one pyridine-type nitrogen atom at position 3 of the cyclic ring system.Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. For example, 2,4-dimethylthiazole is synthesized from thioacetamide and chloroacetone.Formula: C6H8ClNS

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Enantioselective α-Benzylation of Acyclic Esters Using π-Extended Electrophiles was written by Schwarz, Kevin J.;Yang, Chao;Fyfe, James W. B.;Snaddon, Thomas N.. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2018.Safety of (S)-2-Phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole This article mentions the following:

The first asym. cooperative Lewis base/palladium catalyzed benzylic alkylation of acyclic esters is reported. This reaction proceeds via stereodefined C1-ammonium enolate nucleophiles. Critical to its success was the identification of benzylic phosphate electrophiles, which were uniquely reactive. Alkylated products were obtained with very high levels of enantioselectivity, and this method has been applied toward the synthesis of the thrombin inhibitor DX-9065a. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-2-Phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole (cas: 950194-37-3Safety of (S)-2-Phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole).

(S)-2-Phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole (cas: 950194-37-3) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles in peptides or their ability to bind proteins, DNA and RNA has led to many synthetic studies and new applications. There are numerous natural products that possess a thiazole ring with broad pharmacological activities. Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, possesses a thiazole ring linked with 2-methylpyrimidine-4-amine as hydrochloride salt.Safety of (S)-2-Phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica