Integrative multi-biomarker approach on caged rainbow trout: A biomonitoring tool for wastewater treatment plant effluents toxicity assessment was written by Beghin, Mahaut;Paris-Palacios, Severine;Mandiki, Syaghalirwa N. M.;Schmitz, Melodie;Palluel, Olivier;Gillet, Erin;Bonnard, Isabelle;Nott, Katherine;Robert, Christelle;Porcher, Jean-Marc;Ronkart, Sebastien;Kestemont, Patrick. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Reference of 14769-73-4 This article mentions the following:
The complex mixtures of contaminants released in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are a major source of pollution for aquatic ecosystems. The present work aimed to assess the environmental risk posed by WWTP effluents by applying a multi-biomarker approach on caged rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles. Fish were caged upstream and downstream of a WWTP for 21 days. To evaluate fish health, biomarkers representing immune, reproductive, nervous, detoxification, and antioxidant functions were assayed. Biomarker responses were then synthesized using an Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) index. The IBR highlighted similar response patterns for the upstream and downstream sites. Caged juvenile females showed increased activities of innate immune parameters (lysozyme and complement), histol. lesions and reduced glycogen content in the hepatic tissue, and higher muscle cholinergic metabolism However, the intensity of the observed effects was more severe downstream of the WWTP. The present results suggest that the constitutive pollution level of the Meuse River measured upstream from the studied WWTP can have deleterious effects on fish health condition, which are exacerbated by the exposure to WWTP effluents. Our results infer that the application of IBR index is a promising tool to apply with active biomonitoring approaches as it provides comprehensive information about the biol. effects caused by point source pollution such as WWTP, but also by the constitutive pollutions levels encountered in the receiving environment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole (cas: 14769-73-4Reference of 14769-73-4).
(S)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole (cas: 14769-73-4) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole rings are planar and aromatic. Thiazoles are characterized by larger pi-electron delocalization than the corresponding oxazoles and have therefore greater aromaticity. Electrophilic attack at nitrogen depends on the presence of electron density at nitrogen as well as the position and nature of substituent linked to the thiazole ring.Reference of 14769-73-4
Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica