Pifithrin-Alpha Reduces Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity in Cultured Dopaminergic Neurons was written by Chen, Yun-Hsiang;Bae, Eunkyung;Chen, Hsi;Yu, Seong-Jin;Harvey, Brandon K.;Greig, Nigel H.;Wang, Yun. And the article was included in Neurotoxicity Research in 2019.Computed Properties of C16H19BrN2OS The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Methamphetamine (Meth) is a widely abused stimulant. High-dose Meth induces degeneration of dopaminergic neurons through p53-mediated apoptosis. A recent study indicated that treatment with the p53 inhibitor, pifithrin-alpha (PFT-α), antagonized Meth-mediated behavioral deficits in mice. The mechanisms underpinning the protective action of PFT-α against Meth have not been identified, and hence, their investigation is the focus of this study. Primary dopaminergic neuronal cultures were prepared from rat embryonic ventral mesencephalic tissue. High-dose Meth challenge reduced tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity and increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dNTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) labeling. PFT-α significantly antagonized these responses. PFT-α also reduced Meth-activated translocation of p53 to the nucleus, an initial step before transcription. Previous studies have indicated that p53 can also activate cell death through transcription-independent pathways. We found that PFT-α attenuated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressor thapsigargin (Tg)-mediated loss of dopaminergic neurons. ER stress was further monitored through the release of Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) from SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing GLuc-based Secreted ER Calcium-Modulated Protein (GLuc-SERCaMP). Meth or Tg significantly increased GLuc release in to the media, with PFT-α significantly reducing GLuc release. Addnl., PFT-α significantly attenuated Meth-induced CHOP expression. In conclusion, our data indicate that PFT-α is neuroprotective against Meth-mediated neurodegeneration via transcription-dependent nuclear and -independent cytosolic ER stress pathways. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2Computed Properties of C16H19BrN2OS).
2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities.Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. For example, 2,4-dimethylthiazole is synthesized from thioacetamide and chloroacetone.Computed Properties of C16H19BrN2OS
Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica