Category: 2591-17-5

Viviani, Vadim R.; Bevilaqua, Vanessa R.; de Souza, Daniel R.; Pelentir, Gabriel F.; Kakiuchi, Michio; Hirano, Takashi published the artcile< A very bright far-red bioluminescence emitting combination based on engineered railroad worm luciferase and 6′-amino-analogs for bioimaging purposes>, COA of Formula: C11H8N2O3S2, the main research area is far red bioluminescence emitting luciferase amino analog bioimaging; Far-Red bioluminescence; NIR bioluminescence; bioimaging; biophotonics; luciferin amino-analogs.

Beetle luciferases produce bioluminescence (BL) colors ranging from green to red, having been extensively used for many bioanal. purposes, including bioimaging of pathogen infections and metastasis proliferation in living animal models and cell culture. For bioimaging purposes in mammalian tissues, red bioluminescence is preferred, due to the lower self-absorption of light at longer wavelengths by Hb, myoglobin and melanin. Red bioluminescence is naturally produced only by Phrixothrix hirtus railroad worm luciferase (PxRE), and by some engineered beetle luciferases. However, Far-Red (FR) and Near-IR (NIR) bioluminescence is best suited for bioimaging in mammalian tissues due to its higher penetrability. Although some FR and NIR emitting luciferin analogs have been already developed, they usually emit much lower bioluminescence activity when compared to the original luciferin-luciferases. Using site-directed mutagenesis of PxRE luciferase in combination with 6′-modified amino-luciferin analogs, we finally selected novel FR combinations displaying BL ranging from 636-655 nm. Among them, the combination of PxRE-R215K mutant with 6′-(1-pyrrolidinyl)luciferin proved to be the best combination, displaying the highest BL activity with a catalytic efficiency ~2.5 times higher than the combination with native firefly luciferin, producing the second most FR-shifted bioluminescence (650 nm), being several orders of magnitude brighter than com. AkaLumine with firefly luciferase. Such combination also showed higher thermostability, slower BL decay time and better penetrability across bacterial cell membranes, resulting in ~3 times higher in vivo BL activity in bacterial cells than with firefly luciferin. Overall, this is the brightest FR emitting combination ever reported, and is very promising for bioimaging purposes in mammalian tissues.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Biological imaging. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, COA of Formula: C11H8N2O3S2.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Endo, Mizuki; Ozawa, Takeaki published the artcile< Advanced bioluminescence system for in vivo imaging with brighter and red-shifted light emission>, SDS of cas: 2591-17-5, the main research area is review luciferase luciferin bioluminescence resonance energy transfer; bioluminescence; bioluminescence resonance energy transfer; luciferase; luciferin.

A review. In vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI), which is based on luminescence emitted by the luciferase-luciferin reaction, has enabled continuous monitoring of various biochem. processes in living animals. Bright luminescence with a high signal-to-background ratio, ideally red or near-IR light as the emission maximum, is necessary for in vivo animal experiments Various attempts have been undertaken to achieve this goal, including genetic engineering of luciferase, chem. modulation of luciferin, and utilization of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). In this review, we overview a recent advance in the development of a bioluminescence system for in vivo BLI. We also specifically examine the improvement in bioluminescence intensity by mutagenic or chem. modulation on several beetle and marine luciferase bioluminescence systems. We further describe that intramol. BRET enhances luminescence emission, with recent attempts for the development of red-shifted bioluminescence system, showing great potency in in vivo BLI. Perspectives for future improvement of bioluminescence systems are discussed.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Bioluminescence. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, SDS of cas: 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Martin-Burgos, Blanca; Wang, Wanqi; William, Ivana; Tir, Selma; Mohammad, Innus; Javed, Reja; Smith, Stormi; Cui, Yilin; Arzavala, Jessica; Mora, Dalilah; Smith, Ciearra B.; van der Vinne, Vincent; Molyneux, Penny C.; Miller, Stephen C.; Weaver, David R.; Leise, Tanya L.; Harrington, Mary E. published the artcile< Methods for detecting PER2:LUCIFERASE bioluminescence rhythms in freely moving mice>, Category: thiazole, the main research area is circadian rhythm bioluminescence gene expression photomultiplier tube; CycLuc1; PERIOD2; bioluminescence; circadian; in vivo; luciferase; peripheral oscillators; reporter gene.

Circadian rhythms are driven by daily oscillations of gene expression. An important tool for studying cellular and tissue circadian rhythms is the use of a gene reporter, such as bioluminescence from the reporter gene luciferase controlled by a rhythmically expressed gene of interest. Here we describe methods that allow measurement of circadian bioluminescence from a freely moving mouse housed in a standard cage. Using a LumiCycle In Vivo (Actimetrics), we determined conditions that allow detection of circadian rhythms of bioluminescence from the PER2 reporter, PER2::LUC, in freely behaving mice. The LumiCycle In Vivo applies a background subtraction that corrects for effects of room temperature on photomultiplier tube (PMT) output. We tested delivery of d-luciferin via a s.c. minipump and in the drinking water. We demonstrate spikes in bioluminescence associated with drinking bouts. Further, we demonstrate that a synthetic luciferase substrate, CycLuc1, can support circadian rhythms of bioluminescence, even when delivered at a lower concentration than d-luciferin, and can support longer-term studies. A small difference in phase of the PER2::LUC bioluminescence rhythms, with females phase leading males, can be detected with this technique. We share our anal. scripts and suggestions for further improvements in this method. This approach will be straightforward to apply to mice with tissue-specific reporters, allowing insights into responses of specific peripheral clocks to perturbations such as environmental or pharmacol. manipulations.

Journal of Biological Rhythms published new progress about Biological oscillations. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Category: thiazole.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Schramm, Stefan; Al-Handawi, Marieh B.; Karothu, Durga Prasad; Kurlevskaya, Anastasiya; Commins, Patrick; Mitani, Yasuo; Wu, Chun; Ohmiya, Yoshihiro; Naumov, Pance published the artcile< Mechanically Assisted Bioluminescence with Natural Luciferase>, Electric Literature of 2591-17-5, the main research area is mechanic bioluminescence luciferase; Cypridina; bioluminescence; luciferase; mechanochemistry; solvent-assisted reactions.

Mechanochem. analogs have recently been established for several enzymic reactions, but they require periodic interruption of the reaction for sampling, dissolution, and (bio)chem. anal. to monitor their progress. By applying a mechanochem. procedure to induce bioluminescence analogous to that used by the marine ostracod Cypridina (Vargula) hilgendorfii, the light emitted by a bioluminescent reaction can be used to directly monitor the progress of a mechanoenzymic reaction without sampling. Mech. treatment of Cypridina luciferase with luciferin generates bright blue light which can be readily detected and analyzed spectroscopically. This mech. assisted bioluminescence proceeds through a mechanism identical to that of bioluminescence in solution, but has higher activation energy due to being diffusion-controlled in the viscous matrix. The results suggest that luciferases could be used as light-emissive reporters of mechanoenzymic reactions.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about Bioluminescence. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Electric Literature of 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Love, Anna C.; Prescher, Jennifer A. published the artcile< Seeing (and Using) the Light: Recent Developments in Bioluminescence Technology>, Application In Synthesis of 2591-17-5, the main research area is review luciferase luciferin bioluminescence optical imaging; bioluminescence; imaging; luciferase; luciferin; optogenetics.

A review. Bioluminescence has long been used to image biol. processes in vivo. This technol. features luciferase enzymes and luciferin small mols. that produce visible light. Bioluminescent photons can be detected in tissues and live organisms, enabling sensitive and noninvasive readouts on physiol. function. Traditional applications have focused on tracking cells and gene expression patterns, but new probes are pushing the frontiers of what can be visualized. The past few years have also seen the merger of bioluminescence with optogenetic platforms. Luciferase-luciferin reactions can drive light-activatable proteins, ultimately triggering signal transduction and other downstream events. This review highlights these and other recent advances in bioluminescence technol., with an emphasis on tool development. We showcase how new luciferins and engineered luciferases are expanding the scope of optical imaging. We also highlight how bioluminescent systems are being leveraged not just for sensing-but also controlling-biol. processes.

Cell Chemical Biology published new progress about Bioluminescence. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Application In Synthesis of 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Stroet, Marcus C. M.; de Blois, Erik; Haeck, Joost; Seimbille, Yann; Mezzanotte, Laura; de Jong, Marion; Loewik, Clemens W. G. M.; Panth, Kranthi M. published the artcile< In vivo evaluation of gallium-68-labeled IRDye800CW as a necrosis avid contrast agent in solid tumors>, HPLC of Formula: 2591-17-5, the main research area is gallium68 irdye800cw necrosis contrast agent solid tumor.

Necrosis only occurs in pathol. situations and is directly related to disease severity and, therefore, is an important biomarker. Tumor necrosis occurs in most solid tumors due to improperly functioning blood vessels that cannot keep up with the rapid growth, especially in aggressively growing tumors. The amount of necrosis per tumor volume is often correlated to rapid tumor proliferation and can be used as a diagnostic tool. Furthermore, efficient therapy against solid tumors will directly or indirectly lead to necrotic tumor cells, and detection of increased tumor necrosis can be an early marker for therapy efficacy. We propose the application of necrosis avid contrast agents to detect therapy-induced tumor necrosis. Herein, we advance gallium-68-labeled IRDye800CW, a near-IR fluorescent dye that exhibits excellent necrosis avidity, as a potential PET tracer for in vivo imaging of tumor necrosis. We developed a reliable labeling procedure to prepare [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-PEG4-IRDye800CW ([68Ga]Ga-1) with a radiochem. purity of >96% (radio-HPLC). The prominent dead cell binding of fluorescence and radioactivity from [68Ga]Ga-1 was confirmed with dead and alive cultured 4T1-Luc2 cells. [68Ga]Ga-1 was injected in 4T1-Luc2 tumor-bearing mice, and specific fluorescence and PET signal were observed in the spontaneously developing tumor necrosis. The i.p. injection of D-luciferin enabled simultaneous bioluminescence imaging of the viable tumor regions. Tumor necrosis binding was confirmed ex vivo by colocalization of fluorescence uptake with TUNEL dead cell staining and radioactivity uptake in dichotomized tumors and frozen tumor sections. Our presented study shows that [68Ga]Ga-1 is a promising PET tracer for the detection of tumor necrosis.

Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging published new progress about Bioluminescent imaging. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, HPLC of Formula: 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Endo, Mizuki; Ozawa, Takeaki published the artcile< Advanced bioluminescence system for in vivo imaging with brighter and red-shifted light emission>, Formula: C11H8N2O3S2, the main research area is review luciferase luciferin bioluminescence resonance energy transfer; bioluminescence; bioluminescence resonance energy transfer; luciferase; luciferin.

A review. In vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI), which is based on luminescence emitted by the luciferase-luciferin reaction, has enabled continuous monitoring of various biochem. processes in living animals. Bright luminescence with a high signal-to-background ratio, ideally red or near-IR light as the emission maximum, is necessary for in vivo animal experiments Various attempts have been undertaken to achieve this goal, including genetic engineering of luciferase, chem. modulation of luciferin, and utilization of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). In this review, we overview a recent advance in the development of a bioluminescence system for in vivo BLI. We also specifically examine the improvement in bioluminescence intensity by mutagenic or chem. modulation on several beetle and marine luciferase bioluminescence systems. We further describe that intramol. BRET enhances luminescence emission, with recent attempts for the development of red-shifted bioluminescence system, showing great potency in in vivo BLI. Perspectives for future improvement of bioluminescence systems are discussed.

International Journal of Molecular Sciencespublished new progress about Bioluminescence. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Formula: C11H8N2O3S2.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Liu, Gui-Chun; Dong, Zhi-Wei; Hou, Qing-Bai; He, Jin-Wu; Zhao, Ruo-Ping; Wang, Wen; Li, Xue-Yan published the artcile< Second Rhagophthalmid Luciferase Cloned from Chinese Glow-worm Menghuoius giganteus (Rhagophthalmidae: Elateroidea)>, Quality Control of 2591-17-5, the main research area is sequence luciferase mol cloning Rhagophthalmus Menghuoius.

The pH-insensitive beetle luciferases cloned from Rhagophthalmidae, Phengodidae, and Elateridae exhibit great potential application as reporter assays for monitoring gene expression. At present, however, only one luciferase has been reported from the enigmatic and predominantly Asian distributed luminous family Rhagophthalmidae. Here, we cloned the second rhagophthalmid luciferase from the Chinese glow-worm Menghuoius giganteus (Rhagophthalmidae: Elateroidea) by combining reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends (RACE). The luciferase consisted of 546 amino acids and showed high identity to that of Rhagophthalmus ohbai (90.4%). The recombinant M. giganteus luciferase was produced in vitro and exhibited significant bioluminescent activity under neutral conditions (pH 7.8), with low KM for D-luciferin (2.2μM) and ATP (53μM). Activity was highest at 10°C and inactivation occurred at 45°C. This luciferase showed pH-insensitivity and maximum emission spectrum at 560 nm. Phylogenetic analyses based on the deduced amino acids indicated a close relationship between the M. giganteus luciferase and that of R. ohbai. These results increase our understanding of rhagophthalmid luciferases and provide a new resource for the application of luciferases.

Photochemistry and Photobiologypublished new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Quality Control of 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Hansen, Ida K. O.; Loevdahl, Tomas; Simonovic, Danijela; Hansen, Kine O.; Andersen, Aaron J. C.; Devold, Hege; Richard, C. Eline S. M.; Andersen, Jeanette H.; Strom, Morten B.; Haug, Tor published the artcile< Antimicrobial activity of small synthetic peptides based on the marine peptide turgencin a: prediction of antimicrobial peptide sequences in a natural peptide and strategy for optimization of potency>, Name: (S)-2-(6-Hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, the main research area is turgencin antimicrobial peptide Escherichia Staphylococcus; Arctic; Synoicum turgens; antimicrobial; ascidian; peptide; synthetic.

Turgencin A, a potent antimicrobial peptide isolated from the Arctic sea squirt Synoicum turgens, consists of 36 amino acid residues and three disulfide bridges, making it challenging to synthesize. The aim of the present study was to develop a truncated peptide with an antimicrobial drug lead potential based on turgencin A. The experiments consisted of: (1) sequence anal. and prediction of antimicrobial potential of truncated 10-mer sequences; (2) synthesis and antimicrobial screening of a lead peptide devoid of the cysteine residues; (3) optimization of in vitro antimicrobial activity of the lead peptide using an amino acid replacement strategy; and (4) screening the synthesized peptides for cytotoxic activities. In silico anal. of turgencin A using various prediction software indicated an internal, cationic 10-mer sequence to be putatively antimicrobial. The synthesized truncated lead peptide displayed weak antimicrobial activity. However, by following a systematic amino acid replacement strategy, a modified peptide was developed that retained the potency of the original peptide. The optimized peptide StAMP-9 displayed bactericidal activity, with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 7.8 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and 3.9 μg/mL against Escherichia coli, and no cytotoxic effects against mammalian cells. Preliminary experiments indicate the bacterial membranes as immediate and primary targets.

International Journal of Molecular Sciencespublished new progress about Anti-inflammatory agents. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Name: (S)-2-(6-Hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Imadul Islam, Sk; Das, Arindam; Mitra, Rajib Kumar published the artcile< Excited state proton transfer in reverse micelles: Effect of temperature and a possible interplay with solvation>, Related Products of 2591-17-5, the main research area is reverse micelle excited state proton transfer temperature solvation.

Excited state proton transfer (ESPT) is a fundamental process of immense biophys. interest and considering the heterogeneity existing in real biol. environments we investigate the process in a bio-mimicking reverse micellar (RM) systems. We herein report a detailed study on the ESPT process of a photo-acid D-luciferin at different temperatures in RMs composed of: anionic AOT, cationic DDAB, and neutral Igepal-520 using steady state and time resolved fluorescence measurements. We found that with increasing temperature both solvation as well as the ESPT rate accelerate, however, the extent of the increase is RM specific, and they even not complement each other. Our study clearly identifies the pivotal role of solvation, specially in micro-heterogeneous environments, to guide the ESPT process.

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistrypublished new progress about Fluorescence. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Related Products of 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica