Category: 2591-17-5

Novickij, Vitalij; Zinkeviciene, Aukse; Radzeviciute, Eivina; Kulbacka, Julita; Rembialkowska, Nina; Novickij, Jurij; Girkontaite, Irute published the artcile< Bioluminescent calcium mediated detection of nanosecond electroporation: Grasping the differences between 100 ns and 100μs pulses>, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-(6-Hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, the main research area is bioluminescent calcium nanosecond electroporation; Bioluminescence; Calcium electroporation; Kinetic measurement; Membrane permeabilization; nsPEF.

Electroporation is a phenomenon of transient or irreversible permeabilization of the cell membrane after pulsed elec. field treatment. Fluorescent probes are frequently used to assess the extent of permeabilization, however, as an alternative, a D-luciferin oxidation-based method can be used. In this work, we have used sequences of a microsecond (1.3 kV/cm x 100μs) and nanosecond (12.5 kV/cm x 100 ns) pulses to trigger various levels of cell permeabilization and assessed the differences in the response using a conventional fluorescent probe (YO-PRO-1 (YP)) and D-luciferin oxidation methodol. The nanosecond pulses (n = 5-100) have been delivered with 1 kHz repetition frequency, and the results were compared with 1 MHz protocols. Addnl., the effects of extracellular Ca2+ have been assessed. Various concentrations of CaCl2 (2, 5, and 10 mM) have been used, and it was shown that the bioluminescence of the cells after electroporation depends on extracellular calcium concentration It was shown that the changes in bioluminescence signal could be used as a marker of cell membrane permeabilization on par with YP assay when calcium is added and thus, effectively employed for anal. of electroporation phenomenon in vitro both for nanosecond and microsecond pulses.

Bioelectrochemistry published new progress about Electroporation. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-(6-Hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Tiwari, Dhermendra K.; Tiwari, Manisha; Jin, Takashi published the artcile< Near-infrared fluorescent protein and bioluminescence-based probes for high-resolution in vivo optical imaging>, COA of Formula: C11H8N2O3S2, the main research area is review NIR fluorescent proteins bioluminescent PET optical diagnostics.

A review. In the last few years, high-resolution near-IR (NIR) optical imaging has become an indispensable modality for non-invasive visualization of deep tissues both in fundamental life science and preclin. research. This is due to the high tissue permeability, low absorption and low scattering of NIR light as well as the low autofluorescence in the NIR wavelength region (700-1400 nm) in living systems. Compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computer tomog. (X-ray CT), and positron emission tomog. (PET), NIR optical imaging has a high spatiotemporal resolution (∼Μm) enough to visualize cellular dynamics at the whole-body level. Addnl., NIR optical imaging does not require high-energy ionizing radiation, such as X-rays, that leads to serious radiation damage of living cells. Furthermore, NIR optical imaging can easily achieve mol. imaging with the aid of NIR optical probes, which specifically bind to biomarkers expressed on cell surfaces. Thus, NIR optical imaging has great potential to be used for non-invasive optical diagnostics of diseases in medical and clin. fields. For such NIR optical imaging, NIR fluorescent probes with high brightness and biocompatibility are crucial. Although a variety of NIR imaging probes based on nanoparticles such as quantum dots and dye-incorporated polymers have been developed, possible applications of these imaging probes to optical contrast agents are limited due to their cytotoxicity. In contrast, fluorescent proteins and bioluminescence-based probes are highly biocompatible and practical for biomedical applications. During the last few years, a variety of NIR optical probes based on engineered proteins have been reported for fluorescence and/or bioluminescence in vivo imaging. This review describes the recent progress on NIR fluorescent proteins and bioluminescence-based probes for high-resolution in vivo optical imaging. The review also covers several cutting-edge optical imaging techniques using NIR fluorescent proteins and bioluminescent probes.

Materials Advances published new progress about Bacterial phytochrome BphP1 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, COA of Formula: C11H8N2O3S2.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Loretz, Carol; Ho, Ming-Chih David; Alam, Novera; Mitchell, Walter; Li, Albert P. published the artcile< Application of cryopreserved human intestinal mucosa and cryopreserved human enterocytes in the evaluation of herb-drug interactions: evaluation of CYP3A inhibitory potential of grapefruit juice and commercial formulations of twenty-nine herbal supplements>, Category: thiazole, the main research area is Application cryopreserved human intestinal mucosa drug interaction.

Com. formulations of 29 commonly used herbal supplements (HSs) and grapefruit juice were evaluated for drug interaction potential via quantification of their CYP3A inhibitory potential in two in vitro exptl. models of human small intestine, cryopreserved human intestinal mucosa (CHIM), and cryopreserved human enterocytes (CHEs). Two CYP3A substrates were used-in the studies with CHIM, CYP3A activity was quantified via liquid chromatog. tandem mass spectrometry quantification of midazolam 1′-hydroxylation, whereas in CHE, luciferin-IPA metabolism to luciferin was quantified by luminescence. Upon treatment of CHIM with the estimated lumen concentration of the HS upon each oral administration (manufacturers’ recommended dosage dissolved in 200 mL of culture medium), >80% CYP3A inhibition was observed for green tea extract, St. John’s wort, valerian root, horehound, and grapefruit juice. Less than 50% inhibition was observed for fenugreek, aloe vera, guarana, soy isoflavone, maca, echinacea, spirulina, evening primrose, milk thistle, cranberry, red yeast rice, rhodiola, ginkgo biloba, turmeric, curcumin, white kidney bean, garlic, cinnamon, saw palmetto berries, panax ginseng, black elderberry, wheat grass juice, flaxseed oil, black cohosh, and ginger root. The results were confirmed in a a dose-response study with HSs obtained from three suppliers for the four inhibitory HSs (green tea extract, horehound, St). John’s wort, valerian root and three representative noninhibitory HSs (black cohosh, black elderberry, echinacea). Similar results were obtained with the inhibitory HSs in CHE. The results illustrate that CHIM and CHE represent physiol. relevant in vitro exptl. models for the evaluation of drug interaction potential of herbal supplements. Based on the results, green tea extract, horehound, St. John’s wort, and valerian root may cause drug interactions with orally administered drugs that are CYP3A substrates, as was observed for grapefruit juice.

Drug Metabolism & Disposition published new progress about Allium sativum. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Category: thiazole.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Diaz, Rodrigo D.; Larrondo, Luis F. published the artcile< A circadian clock in Neurospora crassa functions during plant cell wall deconstruction>, Name: (S)-2-(6-Hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, the main research area is Neurospora cell wall circadian clock; Cellulose degradation; Clock Regulation; Luciferase real-time reporter.

Circadian clocks are autonomous timers that are believed to confer organisms a selective advantage by enabling processes to occur at appropriate times of the day. In the model fungus Neurospora crassa, 20-40% of its genes are reported to be under circadian regulation, as assayed in simple sugar media. Although it has been well-described that Neurospora efficiently deconstructs plant cell wall components, little is known regarding the status of the clock when Neurospora grows on cellulosic material, or whether such a clock has an impact on any of the genes involved in this process. Through luciferase-based reporters and fluorescent detection assays, we show that a clock is functioning when Neurospora grows on cellulose-containing wheat straw as the only carbon and nitrogen source. Addnl., we found that the major cellobiohydrolase encoding gene involved in plant cell wall deconstruction, cbh-1, is rhythmically regulated by the Neurospora clock, in a manner that depends on cellulose concentration and on the transcription factor CRE-1, known as a key player in carbon-catabolite repression in this fungus. Our findings are a step towards a more comprehensive understanding on how clock regulation modulates cellulose degradation, and thus Neurospora’s physiol.

Fungal Biology published new progress about Cell wall. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Name: (S)-2-(6-Hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Krasitskaya, Vasilisa V.; Bashmakova, Eugenia E.; Frank, Ludmila A. published the artcile< Coelenterazine-dependent luciferases as a powerful analytical tool for research and biomedical applications>, Synthetic Route of 2591-17-5, the main research area is review coelenterazine luciferase bioluminescent system; Ca2+-regulated photoprotein; analytical systems; bioluminescence; coelenterazine; luciferase.

A review. The functioning of bioluminescent systems in most of the known marine organisms is based on the oxidation reaction of the same substrate-coelenterazine (CTZ), catalyzed by luciferase. Despite the diversity in structures and the functioning mechanisms, these enzymes can be united into a common group called CTZ-dependent luciferases. Among these, there are two sharply different types of the system organization-Ca2+-regulated photoproteins and luciferases themselves that function in accordance with the classical enzyme-substrate kinetics. Along with deep and comprehensive fundamental research on these systems, approaches and methods of their practical use as highly sensitive reporters in analytics have been developed. The research aiming at the creation of artificial luciferases and synthetic CTZ analogs with new unique properties has led to the development of new exptl. anal. methods based on them. The com. availability of many ready-to-use assay systems based on CTZ-dependent luciferases is also important when choosing them by first-time-users. The development of anal. methods based on these bioluminescent systems is currently booming. The bioluminescent systems under consideration were successfully applied in various biol. research areas, which confirms them to be a powerful anal. tool. In this , we consider the main directions, results, and achievements in research involving these luciferases.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about 2591-17-5. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Synthetic Route of 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Li, Shufeng; Ruan, Zhiyang; Zhang, Hang; Xu, Haiwei published the artcile< Recent achievements of bioluminescence imaging based on firefly luciferin-luciferase system>, Electric Literature of 2591-17-5, the main research area is Bioluminescence imaging (BLI); Caged luciferins; Disease diagnosis and therapy; Firefly luciferin-luciferase system; Mutant luciferase-luciferin pairs.

Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a newly developed noninvasive visual approach which facilitates the understanding of a plethora of biol. processes in vitro and in vivo due to the high sensitivity, resolution and selectivity, low background signal, and the lack of external light excitation. BLI based on firefly luciferin-luciferase system has been widely used for the activity evaluation of tumor-specific enzymes, for the detection of diseases-related bioactive small mols. and metal ions, and for the diagnosis and therapy of diseases including the studies of drug transport, the research of immune response, and the evaluation of drug potency and tissue distribution. In this review, we highlight the recent achievements in luciferin derivatives with red-shifted emission spectra, mutant luciferase-luciferin pairs, and the diagnostic and therapeutic application of BLI based on firefly luciferin-luciferase system. The development and application of BLI will expand our knowledge of the occurrence and development of diseases and shed light on the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 2591-17-5. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Electric Literature of 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Kanou, Harumi; Nagasawa, Kouki; Ishii, Yuki; Chishima, Aya; Hayashi, Juri; Haga, Sanae; Sutherland, Kenneth; Ishikawa, Masayori; Ozaki, Michitaka; Shirato, Hiroki; Hamada, Kazuko; Hamada, Toshiyuki published the artcile< Period1 gene expression in the olfactory bulb and liver of freely moving streptozotocin-treated diabetic mouse>, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-(6-Hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, the main research area is period1 gene expression olfactory bulb liver diabetes mellitus; Circadian rhythm; In vivo imaging; Luciferin; Period1.

Clock genes express circadian rhythms in most organs. These rhythms are organized throughout the whole body, regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain. Disturbance of these clock gene expression rhythms is a risk factor for diseases such as obesity. In the present study, to explore the role of clock genes in developing diabetes, we examined the effect of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced high glucose on Period1 (Per1) gene expression rhythm in the liver and the olfactory bub (OB) in the brain. We found a drastic increase of Per1 expression in both tissues after STZ injection while blood glucose content was low. After a rapid expression peak, Per1 expression showed no rhythm. Associated with an increase of glucose content, behavior became arrhythmic. Finally, we succeeded in detecting an increase of Per1 expression in mice hair follicles on day 1 after STZ administration, before the onset of symptoms. These results show that elevated Per1 expression by STZ plays an important role in the aggravation of diabetes.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), PRP (Properties), BIOL (Biological Study) (Per1). 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-(6-Hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Ikeda, Yuma; Nomoto, Takahiro; Hiruta, Yuki; Nishiyama, Nobuhiro; Citterio, Daniel published the artcile< Ring-Fused Firefly Luciferins: Expanded Palette of Near-Infrared Emitting Bioluminescent Substrates>, Quality Control of 2591-17-5, the main research area is ring fused firefly luciferin near IR emitting bioluminescence substrate.

Firefly bioluminescence is broadly applied as a noninvasive imaging modality in the biomedical research field. One limitation in firefly bioluminescence imaging is the limited variety of luciferins emitting in the near-IR (NIR) region (650-900 nm), where tissue penetration is high. Herein, we describe a series of structure-inherent NIR emitting firefly luciferin analogs, NIRLucs, designed through a ring fusion strategy. This strategy resulted in pH-independent structure-inherent NIR emission with a native firefly luciferase, which was theor. supported by quantum chem. calculations of the oxidized form of each luciferin. When applied to cells, NIRLucs displayed dose-independent improved NIR emission even at low concentrations where the native D-luciferin substrate does not emit. Addnl., excellent blood retention and brighter photon flux (7-fold overall, 16-fold in the NIR spectral range) than in the case of D-luciferin have been observed with one of the NIRLucs in mice bearing s.c. tumors. We believe that these synthetic luciferins provide a solution to the longstanding limitation in the variety of NIR emitting luciferins and pave the way to the further development of NIR bioluminescence imaging platforms.

Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) published new progress about Bioluminescence. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Quality Control of 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Xiao, Yao; Peng, Jinrong; Liu, Qingya; Chen, Lijuan; Shi, Kun; Han, Ruxia; Yang, Qian; Zhong, Lin; Zha, Ruoyu; Qu, Ying; Qian, Zhiyong published the artcile< Ultrasmall CuS@BSA nanoparticles with mild photothermal conversion synergistically induce MSCs-differentiated fibroblast and improve skin regeneration>, Product Details of C11H8N2O3S2, the main research area is copper sulfide BSA nanoparticle MSC fibroblast skin regeneration; CuS@BSA; MSCs; differentiation; photothermal conversion; wound healing..

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies have been used in skin regeneration due to their ability to differentiate into many cells, promote cytokine secretion and participate in collagen deposition. In this study, we concluded that a CuS@BSA nanoparticles exhibited similar potential in inducing MSCs differentiation to fibroblasts as Cu ions for wound healing. First, we verified the photothermal efficiency of CuS@BSA in vivo and vitro and had no cytotoxicity for MSCs when the temperature was controlled at 42°C by adjusting the power of irradiation at 980 nm. And then we detected the expression of vimentin in MSCs, which further directed the MSCs to fibroblasts through Western blotting and Immunofluorescence when treated with CuS@BSA or pre-heat at 42°C. In addition, we implanted MSCs into the Matrigel or electrospun PLA nanofiber membrane in vitro to evaluating the effect of heating or CuS@BSA on the morphol. change of MSCs by SEM. Finally, we evaluated improving skin regeneration by the combination of preheated-MSCs and CuS@BSA nanoparticles that were encapsulated in Matrigel. The CuS@BSA nanoparticles have good photothermal conversion efficiency. Not only CuS nanoparticles itself or after irradiation at 980 nm stimulated the expressioin of vimentin in MSCs. Besides, the CuS@BSA can promote cell proliferation as Cu ion through the expression of ERK. The combination of the CuS@BSA nanoparticles and thermal treatment synergistically improved the closure of an injured wound in an injured wound model. MSCs combined with CuS@BSA are a promising wound dressing for the reconstruction of full-thickness skin injuries.

Theranostics published new progress about Bioluminescence. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Product Details of C11H8N2O3S2.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Stoneman, Michael R.; Raicu, Valerica published the artcile< Dielectric spectroscopy based detection of specific and nonspecific cellular mechanisms>, SDS of cas: 2591-17-5, the main research area is dielec spectroscopy GPCR ligand interaction intracellular transport; G protein-coupled receptor; GPCR; dielectric relaxation; dielectric spectroscopy; label-free detection; ligand binding.

Using radiofrequency dielec. spectroscopy, we have investigated the impact of the interaction between a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), the sterile2 α-factor receptor protein (Ste2), and its cognate agonist ligand, the α-factor pheromone, on the dielec. properties of the plasma membrane in living yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The dielec. properties of a cell suspension containing a saturating concentration of α-factor were measured over the frequency range 40 Hz-110 MHz and compared to the behavior of a similarly prepared suspension of cells in the absence of α-factor. A spherical three-shell model was used to determine the elec. phase parameters for the yeast cells in both types of suspensions. The relative permittivity of the plasma membrane showed a significant increase after exposure to α-factor (by 0.06 ± 0.05). The equivalent experiment performed on yeast cells lacking the ability to express Ste2 showed no change in plasma membrane permittivity. Interestingly, a large change also occurred to the elec. properties of the cellular interior after the addition of α-factor to the cell suspending medium, whether or not the cells were expressing Ste2. We present a number of different complementary experiments performed on the yeast to support these dielec. data and interpret the results in terms of specific cellular reactions to the presence of α-factor.

Sensors published new progress about Cell membrane. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, SDS of cas: 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica