Category: 2591-17-5

Watthaisong, Pratchaya; Kamutira, Philaiwarong; Kesornpun, Chatchai; Pongsupasa, Vinutsada; Phonbuppha, Jittima; Tinikul, Ruchanok; Maenpuen, Somchart; Wongnate, Thanyaporn; Nishihara, Ryo; Ohmiya, Yoshihiro; Chaiyen, Pimchai published the artcile< Luciferin Synthesis and Pesticide Detection by Luminescence Enzymatic Cascades>, HPLC of Formula: 2591-17-5, the main research area is Dehalogenase; Luciferase; Luciferin; Luminescence; Organophosphate.

D-Luciferin (D-LH2), a substrate of firefly luciferase (Fluc), is important for a wide range of bioluminescence applications. This work reports a new and green method using enzymic reactions (HELP, HadA Enzyme for Luciferin Preparation) to convert 19 phenolic derivatives to 8 D-LH2 analogs with ≈51 % yield. The method can synthesize the novel 5′-methyl-D-LH2 and 4′,5′-dimethyl-D-LH2, which have never been synthesized or found in nature. 5′-Methyl-D-LH2 emits brighter and longer wavelength light than the D-LH2. Using HELP, we further developed LUMOS (Luminescence Measurement of Organophosphate and Derivatives) technol. for in situ detection of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) including parathion, methyl parathion, EPN, profenofos, and fenitrothion by coupling the reactions of OPs hydrolase and Fluc. The LUMOS technol. can detect these OPs at parts per trillion (ppt) levels. The method can directly detect OPs in food and biol. samples without requiring sample pretreatment.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about 2591-17-5. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, HPLC of Formula: 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Yao, Zi; Zhang, Brendan S.; Steinhardt, Rachel C.; Mills, Jeremy H.; Prescher, Jennifer A. published the artcile< Multicomponent Bioluminescence Imaging with a π-Extended Luciferin>, COA of Formula: C11H8N2O3S2, the main research area is multicomponent bioluminescence imaging luciferin.

Bioluminescence imaging with luciferase-luciferin pairs is commonly used for monitoring biol. processes in cells and whole organisms. Traditional bioluminescent probes are limited in scope, though, as they cannot be easily distinguished in biol. environments, precluding efforts to visualize multicellular processes. Addnl., many luciferase-luciferin pairs emit light that is poorly tissue penetrant, hindering efforts to visualize targets in deep tissues. To address these issues, the authors synthesized a set of π-extended luciferins that were predicted to be red shifted luminophores. The scaffolds were designed to be rotationally labile such that they produced light only when paired with luciferases capable of enforcing planarity. A luciferin comprising an intramol. “”lock”” was identified as a viable light-emitting probe. Native luciferases were unable to efficiently process the analog, but a complementary luciferase was identified via Rosetta-guided enzyme design. The unique enzyme-substrate pair is red shifted compared to known bioluminescent tools. The probe set is also orthogonal to other luciferase-luciferin probes and can be used for multicomponent imaging. Four substrate-resolved luciferases were imaged in a single session. Collectively, this work provides the first example of Rosetta-guided design in engineering bioluminescent tools and expands the scope of orthogonal imaging probes.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about Bioluminescent imaging. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, COA of Formula: C11H8N2O3S2.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Lefeuvre, Bastien; Cantero, Paola; Ehret-Sabatier, Laurence; Lenormand, Cedric; Barthel, Cathy; Po, Chrystelle; Parveen, Nikhat; Grillon, Antoine; Jaulhac, Benoit; Boulanger, Nathalie published the artcile< Effects of topical corticosteroids and lidocaine on Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in mouse skin: potential impact to human clinical trials>, Related Products of 2591-17-5, the main research area is Borrelia skin topical corticosteroid lidocaine.

Abstract: Lyme borreliosis is the most prevalent vector-borne disease in northern hemisphere. However, in patients presenting persistent clin. manifestations, this indirect diagnosis is not capable of detecting an active infection. If the serol. tests are pos., it only proves that exposure of an individual to Lyme spirochetes had occurred. Although culture and quant. PCR detect active infection, currently used tests are not sensitive enough for wide-ranging applications. Animal models have shown that B. burgdorferi persists in the skin. We present here our targeted proteomics results using infected mouse skin biopsies that facilitate detection of this pathogen. We have employed several novel approaches in this study. First, the effect of lidocaine, a local anesthetic used for human skin biopsy, on B. burgdorferi presence was measured. We further determined the impact of topical corticosteroids to reactivate Borrelia locally in the skin. This local immunosuppressive compound helps follow-up detection of spirochetes by proteomic anal. of Borrelia present in the skin. This approach could be developed as a novel diagnostic test for active Lyme borreliosis in patients presenting disseminated persistent infection. Although our results using topical corticosteroids in mice are highly promising for recovery of spirochetes, further optimization will be needed to translate this strategy for diagnosis of Lyme disease in patients.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Borrelia afzelii. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Related Products of 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Tohidnezhad, Mersedeh; Kubo, Yusuke; Lichte, Philipp; Heigl, Tobias; Roch, Diana; Pour, Nazanin Barahmand; Bergmann, Christian; Soenmez, Tolga Taha; Hock, Jennifer Vanessa Phi; Fragoulis, Athanassios; Gremse, Felix; Rosenhain, Stefanie; Slowik, Alexander; Bienert, Michaela; Kweider, Nisreen; Wruck, Christoph Jan; Jahr, Holger; Hildebrand, Frank; Pape, Hans Christoph; Neu, Sabine; Fischer, Horst; Pufe, Thomas published the artcile< Effects of strontium-doped β-tricalcium scaffold on longitudinal nuclear factor-kappa beta and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 promoter activities during healing in a murine critical-size bone defect model>, Application of C11H8N2O3S2, the main research area is strontium doped tricalcium scaffold nuclear factor kappa beta; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor healing murine bone defect; NF-κB; VEGFR-2; bioluminescence; large bone defects; strontium; β-tricalcium phosphate.

It was hypothesized that strontium (Sr)-doped β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP)-based scaffolds have a pos. effect on the regeneration of large bone defects (LBD). Readouts in our mice models were nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB) activity and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) promoter activity during the healing process. A 2-mm critical-size femoral fracture was performed in transgenic NF-κB- and VEGFR-2-luciferase reporter mice. The fracture was filled with a 3D-printed β-TCP scaffold with or without Sr. A bioluminescence in-vivo imaging system was used to sequentially investigate NF-κB and VEGFR-2 expression for two months. After sacrifice, soft and osseous tissue formation in the fracture sites was histol. examined NF-κB activity increased in the β-TCP + Sr group in the latter stage (day 40-60). VEGFR-2 activity increased in the + Sr group from days 0-15 but decreased and showed significantly less activity than the β-TCP and non-scaffold groups from days 40-60. The new bone formation and soft tissue formation in the + Sr group were significantly higher than in the β-TCP group, whereas the percentage of osseous tissue formation in the β-TCP group was significantly higher than in the β-TCP + Sr group. We analyzed longitudinal VEGFR-2 promoter activity and NF-κB activity profiles, as resp. agents of angiogenesis and inflammation, during LBD healing. The extended inflammation phase and eventually more rapid resorption of scaffold caused by the addition of strontium accelerates temporary bridging of the fracture gaps. This finding has the potential to inform an improved treatment strategy for patients who suffer from osteoporosis.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Angiogenesis. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Application of C11H8N2O3S2.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Fan, Di; Wang, Ting; Hu, Jinhui; Zhou, Lin; Zhou, Jiahong; Wei, Shaohua published the artcile< Plasmid DNA-Based Bioluminescence-Activated System for Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer Treatment>, Reference of 2591-17-5, the main research area is cervical cancer plasmid DNA bioluminescence photodynamic therapy; hypericin; luciferase; photodynamic therapy; plasmid DNA; singlet oxygen.

The low depth of tissue penetration by therapeutic light sources severely restricts photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating deep-seated tumors. Using a luciferase/D-luciferin bioluminescence system to artificially create internal light sources in cells instead of external light sources is an effective means of solving the above problems. However, high-efficiency bioluminescence requires a higher concentration of luciferase in the cell, which poses a considerable challenge to the existing system of enzyme loading, delivery, activity and retention of drugs, and dramatically increases the cost of treatment. We loaded the substrate D-luciferin, and the photosensitizer hypericin into a polyethyleneimine (PEI)-modified nano-calcium phosphate (CaP) to solve this problem. Subsequently, the plasmid DNA containing the luciferase gene was loaded onto it using the high-d. pos. charge characteristic of PEI from the nanodrug (denoted DHDC). After the DHDC enters the tumor cell, it collapses and releases the plasmid DNA, which uses the intracellular protein synthesis system to continuously and massively express luciferase. Using endogenous ATP, Mg2+, and O2 in cells, luciferase oxidizes D-luciferin and produces luminescence. The luminescence triggers hypericin excitation to generate ROS and kill cancer cells. This study provides a new strategy for the application of bioluminescence in PDT treatment.

ChemMedChem published new progress about Antitumor agents. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Reference of 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

de Souza, Daniel Rangel; Silva, Jaqueline Rodrigues; Moreira, Ariele; Viviani, Vadim R. published the artcile< Biosensing firefly luciferin synthesis in bacteria reveals a cysteine-dependent quinone detoxification route in Coleoptera>, Synthetic Route of 2591-17-5, the main research area is .

Abstract: Luciferin biosynthetic origin and alternative biol. functions during the evolution of beetles remain unknown. We have set up a bioluminescent sensing method for luciferin synthesis from cysteine and benzoquinone using E. coli and Pichia pastoris expressing the bright Amydetes vivianii firefly and P. termitilluminans click beetle luciferases. In the presence of D-cysteine and benzoquinone, intense bioluminescence is quickly produced, indicating the expected formation of D-luciferin. Starting with L-cysteine and benzoquinone, the bioluminescence is weaker and delayed, indicating that bacteria produce L-luciferin, and then racemize it to D-luciferin in the presence of endogenous esterases, CoA and luciferase. In bacteria the p-benzoquinone toxicity (IC50 ∼ 25 μM) is considerably reduced in the presence of cysteine, maintaining cell viability at 3.6 mM p-benzoquinone concomitantly with the formation of luciferin. Transcriptional anal. showed the presence of gene products involved with the sclerotization/tanning in the photogenic tissues, suggesting a possible link between these pathways and bioluminescence. The lack of two enzymes involved with the last steps of these pathways, indicate the possible accumulation of toxic quinone intermediates in the lanterns. These results and the abundance of cysteine producing enzymes suggest that luciferin first appeared as a detoxification byproduct of cysteine reaction with accumulated toxic quinone intermediates during the evolution of sclerotization/tanning in Coleoptera.

Scientific Reports published new progress about 2591-17-5. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Synthetic Route of 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Lin, Xuexiang; Liu, Xiao-Yu; Zhang, Bo; Qin, Ai-Qing; Hui, Kwok-Min; Shi, Kevin; Liu, Yang; Gabriel, Don; Li, X. James published the artcile< A rapid influenza diagnostic test based on detection of viral neuraminidase activity>, Product Details of C11H8N2O3S2, the main research area is neuraminidase enzyme assay influenza diagnosis.

Current methods used for diagnosis of acute infection of pathogens rely on detection of nucleic acids, antigens, or certain classes of antibodies such as IgM. Here we report a virus enzyme assay as an alternative to these methods for detection of acute viral infection. In this method, we used a luciferin derivative as the substrate for detection of the enzyme activity of influenza viral neuraminidase as a means for diagnosis of influenza. The resulting com. test, the qFLU Dx Test, uses a different supply chain that does not compete with those for the current tests. The assay reagents were formulated as a master mix that accommodated both the neuraminidase and luciferase reactions, thereby enabling rapid and prolonged production of stable light signal in the presence of influenza virus in the sample. The assay was evaluated using depository throat swab specimens. As expected, the assay exhibited similar detection rates for all influenza types and subtypes except for A(H7N9), which exhibited lower detection rate due to lower viral titer in the specimens. When throat swab specimens were diluted with the sample buffer of the test kit and tested with the qFLU Dx Test. The sensitivity and specificity were 82.41% (95% confidence interval: 79.66-85.84%) and 95.39% (95% confidence interval: 94.32-96.46%), resp., for these diluted specimens in comparison to a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. The uniqueness of the qFLU Dx Test as an enzymic assay makes it highly complementary with currently available methods.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Diagnosis. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Product Details of C11H8N2O3S2.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Yu, Mohan; Liu, Yajun published the artcile< A QM/MM Study on the Initiation Reaction of Firefly Bioluminescence-Enzymatic Oxidation of Luciferin>, Electric Literature of 2591-17-5, the main research area is luciferin bioluminescence enzymic oxidation quantum mol mechanic study; QM/MM; firefly bioluminescence; luciferin oxidation; mechanism; single electron transfer.

Among all bioluminescent organisms, the firefly is the most famous, with a high luminescent efficiency of 41%, which is widely used in the fields of biotechnol., biomedicine and so on. The entire bioluminescence (BL) process involves a series of complicated in-vivo chem. reactions. The BL is initiated by the enzymic oxidation of luciferin (LH2). However, the mechanism of the efficient spin-forbidden oxygenation is far from being totally understood. Via MD simulation and QM/MM calculations, this article describes the complete process of oxygenation in real protein. The oxygenation of luciferin is initiated by a single electron transfer from the trivalent anionic LH2 (L3-) to O2 to form 1[L•2-…O2•-]; the entire reaction is carried out along the ground-state potential energy surface to produce the dioxetanone (FDO-) via three transition states and two intermediates. The low energy barriers of the oxygenation reaction and biradical annihilation involved in the reaction explain this spin-forbidden reaction with high efficiency. This study is helpful for understanding the BL initiation of fireflies and the other oxygen-dependent bioluminescent organisms.

Molecules published new progress about Annihilation radiation. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Electric Literature of 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Zhang, Ru; He, Jinwu; Dong, Zhiwei; Liu, Guichun; Yin, Yuan; Zhang, Xinying; Li, Qi; Ren, Yandong; Yang, Yongzhi; Liu, Wei; Chen, Xianqing; Xia, Wenhao; Duan, Kang; Hao, Fei; Lin, Zeshan; Yang, Jie; Chang, Zhou; Zhao, Ruoping; Wan, Wenting; Lu, Sihan; Peng, Yanqiong; Ge, Siqin; Wang, Wen; Li, Xueyan published the artcile< Genomic and experimental data provide new insights into luciferin biosynthesis and bioluminescence evolution in fireflies>, Quality Control of 2591-17-5, the main research area is Lamprigera luciferin bioluminescence evolution.

Abstract: Fireflies are among the most charismatic insects for their spectacular bioluminescence, but the origin and evolution of bioluminescence remain elusive. Especially, the genic basis of luciferin (D-luciferin) biosynthesis and light patterns is largely unknown. Here, we present the high-quality reference genomes of two fireflies Lamprigera yunnana (1053 Mb) and Abscondita terminalis (501 Mb) with great differences in both morphol. and luminous behavior. We sequenced the transcriptomes and proteomes of luminous organs of two species. We created the CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutants of Abdominal B gene without luminous organs in the larvae of A. terminalis and sequenced the transcriptomes of mutants and wild-types. Combining gene expression analyses with comparative genomics, we propose a more complete luciferin synthesis pathway, and confirm the convergent evolution of bioluminescence in insects. Using experiments, the function of the firefly acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT1) to convert L-luciferin to D-luciferin was validated for the first time. Comparisons of three-dimension reconstruction of luminous organs and their differentially expressed genes among two species suggest that two pos. genes in the calcium signaling pathway and structural difference of luminous organs may play an important role in the evolution of flash pattern. Altogether, our results provide important resources for further exploring bioluminescence in insects.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Aquatica lateralis. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Quality Control of 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Stroet, Marcus C. M.; de Blois, Erik; Haeck, Joost; Seimbille, Yann; Mezzanotte, Laura; de Jong, Marion; Loewik, Clemens W. G. M.; Panth, Kranthi M. published the artcile< In vivo evaluation of gallium-68-labeled IRDye800CW as a necrosis avid contrast agent in solid tumors>, Category: thiazole, the main research area is gallium68 irdye800cw necrosis contrast agent solid tumor.

Necrosis only occurs in pathol. situations and is directly related to disease severity and, therefore, is an important biomarker. Tumor necrosis occurs in most solid tumors due to improperly functioning blood vessels that cannot keep up with the rapid growth, especially in aggressively growing tumors. The amount of necrosis per tumor volume is often correlated to rapid tumor proliferation and can be used as a diagnostic tool. Furthermore, efficient therapy against solid tumors will directly or indirectly lead to necrotic tumor cells, and detection of increased tumor necrosis can be an early marker for therapy efficacy. We propose the application of necrosis avid contrast agents to detect therapy-induced tumor necrosis. Herein, we advance gallium-68-labeled IRDye800CW, a near-IR fluorescent dye that exhibits excellent necrosis avidity, as a potential PET tracer for in vivo imaging of tumor necrosis. We developed a reliable labeling procedure to prepare [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-PEG4-IRDye800CW ([68Ga]Ga-1) with a radiochem. purity of >96% (radio-HPLC). The prominent dead cell binding of fluorescence and radioactivity from [68Ga]Ga-1 was confirmed with dead and alive cultured 4T1-Luc2 cells. [68Ga]Ga-1 was injected in 4T1-Luc2 tumor-bearing mice, and specific fluorescence and PET signal were observed in the spontaneously developing tumor necrosis. The i.p. injection of D-luciferin enabled simultaneous bioluminescence imaging of the viable tumor regions. Tumor necrosis binding was confirmed ex vivo by colocalization of fluorescence uptake with TUNEL dead cell staining and radioactivity uptake in dichotomized tumors and frozen tumor sections. Our presented study shows that [68Ga]Ga-1 is a promising PET tracer for the detection of tumor necrosis.

Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging published new progress about Bioluminescent imaging. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Category: thiazole.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica