Category: 30931-67-0

Yin, Qiang; Zhou, Gang; Peng, Can; Zhang, Yinliang; Kues, Ursula; Liu, Juanjuan; Xiao, Yazhong; Fang, Zemin published their research in AMB Express on December 31 ,2019. The article was titled 《The first fungal laccase with an alkaline pH optimum obtained by directed evolution and its application in indigo dye decolorization》.Related Products of 30931-67-0 The article contains the following contents:

Engineering of fungal laccases with optimum catalytic activity at alk. pH has been a long-lasting challenge. In this study, a mutant library containing 3000 clones was obtained by error-prone PCR to adapt the optimum pH of a fungal laccase Lcc9 from the basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea. After three rounds of functional screening, a mutant with three amino acid changes (E116K, N229D, I393T) named PIE5 was selected. PIE5 showed an optimum pH of 8.5 and 8.0 against guaiacol and 2,6-DMP when expressed in Pichia pastoris, representing the first fungal laccase that possesses an optimum pH at an alk. condition. Site directed mutagenesis disclosed that N229D contributed the most to the optimum pH increment. A single N229D mutation caused an increase in optimum pH by 1.5 units. When used in indigo dye decolorization, PIE5 efficiently decolorized 87.1 ± 1.1% and 90.9 ± 0.3% indigo dye at the optimum conditions of pH 7.0-7.5 and 60°C, and with either Me 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoate or 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothazoline-6-sulfonate) as the mediator. In comparison, the com. available fungal laccase TvLac from Trametes villosa decolorized 84.3 ± 1.8% of indigo dye under its optimum conditions (opt. pH 5.0 and 60°C). The properties of an alk.-dependent activity and the high indigo dye decolorization ability (1.3-fold better than the parental Lcc9) make the new fungal laccase PIE5 an alternative for specific industrial applications. After reading the article, we found that the author used ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Related Products of 30931-67-0)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Amine, any member of a family of nitrogen-containing organic compounds that is derived, either in principle or in practice, from ammonia (NH3). Naturally occurring amines include the alkaloids, which are present in certain plants; the catecholamine neurotransmitters (i.e., dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine); and a local chemical mediator, histamine, that occurs in most animal tissues.Related Products of 30931-67-0

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Xia, Meng; Wang, Zheyu; Du, Linhan; Fu, Zhongwang; Jiang, Guoqiang; Lu, Diannan; Wu, Jianzhong; Liu, Zheng published an article on February 18 ,2022. The article was titled 《A Core-Shell Cascade of Chloroperoxidase and Gold Nanoclusters for Asymmetric Hydroxylation of Ethylbenzene》, and you may find the article in ChemCatChem.COA of Formula: C18H24N6O6S4 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Direct functionalization of C-H bonds catalyzed by chloroperoxidase (CPO) is featured by using H2O2 as both oxygen and electron donor. The catalytic process circumvents expensive electron transporters such as NAD(P)H, making it advantageous for green production of fine chems. with complex structures. In situ generation and collaborative supplement of H2O2 is strongly desired for an improved productivity and enzyme stability. The present study describes a novel CPO cascade for asym. hydroxylation of ethylbenzene yielding (R)-1-phenylethanol, in which H2O2 is generated by oxidation of monosaccharides catalyzed by gold nanoclusters (AuNCs). A core-shell structure of CPO-AuNCs cascade was prepared by using hollow mesoporous silica microspheres (HMSMs) as the support. AuNCs were immobilized on the external surface of HMSMs while CPOs were encapsulated inside the microspheres. Different monosaccharides were examined for H2O2 production as a function of the particle size. It was found that galactose exhibits the highest productivity. The high compatibility of CPO and AuNCs against temperature and pH is advantageous in catalyzing a wide spectrum of reactions for C-H functionalization. The experimental process involved the reaction of ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0COA of Formula: C18H24N6O6S4)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Examples of direct uses of amines and their salts are as corrosion inhibitors in boilers and in lubricating oils (morpholine), as antioxidants for rubber and roofing asphalt (diarylamines), as stabilizers for cellulose nitrate explosives (diphenylamine), as protectants against damage from gamma radiation (diarylamines), as developers in photography (aromatic diamines), as flotation agents in mining, as anticling and waterproofing agents for textiles, as fabric softeners, in paper coating, and for solubilizing herbicides.COA of Formula: C18H24N6O6S4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Sun, Mimi; Xin, Tong; Ran, Zhiyong; Pei, Xinyi; Ma, Chongbo; Liu, Jian; Cao, Mengzhu; Bai, Jing; Zhou, Ming published an article on January 22 ,2021. The article was titled 《A Bendable Biofuel Cell-Based Fully Integrated Biomedical Nanodevice for Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Scurvy》, and you may find the article in ACS Sensors.Application In Synthesis of ABTS Diammonium The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Fully integrated nanodevices that allow the complete functional implementation without an external accessory or equipment are deemed to be one of the most ideal and ultimate goals for modern nanodevice design and construction. In this work, we demonstrate the first example of a bendable biofuel cell (BFC)-based fully integrated biomedical nanodevice with simple, palm-sized, easy-to-carry, pump-free, cost-saving, and easy-to-use features for the point-of-care (POC) diagnosis of scurvy from a single drop of untreated human serum (down to 0.2μL) by integrating a bendable and disposable vitamin C/air microfluidic BFC (micro-BFC) (named iezCard) for self-powered vitamin C biosensing with a custom mini digital LED voltmeter (named iezBox) for signal processing and transmission, along with a ”built-in” biocomputing BUFFER gate for intelligent diagnosis. Under the simplicity- and practicability-oriented idea, a cost-effective strategy (e.g., biomass-derived hierarchical micro-mesoporous carbon aerogels, screen-printed technique, a single piece of Kimwipes paper, LED display, and universal components) was implemented for nanodevice design rather than any top-end or pricey method (e.g., photolithog./electron-beam evaporation, peristaltic pump, wireless system, and 3D printing technique), which enormously reduces the cost of feedstock down to ~USD 2.55 per integrated kit including a disposal iezCard (~USD 0.08 per test) and a reusable iezBox (~USD 2.47 for large-scale tests). These distinctive and attractive features allow such a fully integrated biomedical nanodevice to fully satisfy the basic requirements for POC diagnosis of scurvy from a single drop of raw human serum and make it particularly appropriate for resource-poor settings, where there is a lack of medical facilities, funds, and qualified personnel. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Application In Synthesis of ABTS Diammonium)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Primary amines having a tertiary alkyl group (R3CNH2) are difficult to prepare with most methods but are made industrially by the Ritter reaction. In this method a tertiary alcohol reacts with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the presence of a concentrated strong acid; a formamide, RNH―CHO, is formed first, which then undergoes hydrolysis.Application In Synthesis of ABTS Diammonium

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Product Details of 30931-67-0On March 8, 2022, Zhou, Huaxi; Xiao, Dongxue published an article in ACS Omega. The article was 《Role of NOM in the Photolysis of Chlorine and the Formation of Reactive Species in the Solar/Chlorine System》. The article mentions the following:

The solar/chlorine system has been proposed as a novel advanced oxidation process (AOP) for efficient pollutant degradation and water disinfection by producing a series of reactive species including hydroxyl radicals (HO•), chlorine radicals (Cl•), and so forth. In this study, the role of natural organic matter (NOM) in the photolysis of free available chlorine (FAC) and the formation of HO• and Cl• in the solar/chlorine system was investigated employing nitrobenzene and benzoic acid as selective chem. probes. The decay rate of FAC was significantly accelerated in the presence of NOM at pH 5.5 under simulated solar irradiation, likely due to the photoreaction between FAC and the photoexcited NOM. The decay rate of FAC increased upon increasing the electron-donating capacity of NOM, which indicated that phenolic components play a significant role in the photodegradation of FAC. This acceleration mechanism was further verified using 4-nitrophenol as a model phenolic compound NOM promoted Cl• formation and quenched HO• in the solar/chlorine system. The proposed reaction mechanism included the reaction of excited singlet phenolic compounds in NOM with FAC, which yielded Cl•. This study provides a useful insight into future applications for using the solar/chlorine system as a novel AOP for wastewater treatment or disinfection. In the experiment, the researchers used ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Product Details of 30931-67-0)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Halogenation, in which one or more hydrogen atoms of an amine is replaced by a halogen atom, occurs with chlorine, bromine, and iodine, as well as with some other reagents, notably hypochlorous acid (HClO). With primary amines the reaction proceeds in two stages, producing N-chloro- and N,N-dichloro-amines, RNHCl and RNCl2, respectively. With tertiary amines, an alkyl group may be displaced by a halogen.Product Details of 30931-67-0

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

《TTL proteins scaffold brassinosteroid signaling components at the plasma membrane to optimize signal transduction in Arabidopsis》 was written by Amorim-Silva, Vitor; Garcia-Moreno, Alvaro; Castillo, Araceli G.; Lakhssassi, Naoufal; Esteban del Valle, Alicia; Perez-Sancho, Jessica; Li, Yansha; Pose, David; Perez-Rodriguez, Josefa; Lin, Jinxing; Valpuesta, Victoriano; Borsani, Omar; Zipfel, Cyril; Macho, Alberto P.; Botella, Miguel A.. Formula: C18H24N6O6S4 And the article was included in Plant Cell on August 31 ,2019. The article conveys some information:

Brassinosteroids (BRs) form a group of steroidal hormones essential for plant growth, development, and stress responses. BRs are perceived extracellularly by plasma membrane receptor-like kinases that activate an interconnected signal transduction cascade, leading to the transcriptional regulation of BR-responsive genes. TETRATRICOPEPTIDE THIOREDOXIN-LIKE (TTL) genes are specific for land plants, and their encoded proteins are defined by the presence of protein-protein interaction motives, i.e., an intrinsic disordered region at the N terminus, six tetratricopeptide repeat domains, and a C terminus with homol. to thioredoxins. TTL proteins thus likely mediate the assembly of multiprotein complexes. Phenotypic, mol., and genetic analyses show that TTL proteins are pos. regulators of BR signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). TTL3 directly interacts with a constitutively active BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) receptor kinase, BRI1-SUPPRESSOR1 phosphatase, and the BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 transcription factor and associates with BR-SIGNALING KINASE1, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 kinases, but not with BRI1-Associated KINASE1. A functional TTL3-green fluorescent protein (GFP) shows dual cytoplasmic plasma membrane localization. Depleting the endogenous BR content reduces plasma membrane localization of TTL3-GFP, while increasing BR content causes its plasma membrane relocalization, where it strengthens the association of BR signaling components. Our results reveal that TTL proteins promote BR responses and suggest that TTL proteins may function as scaffold proteins by bringing together cytoplasmic and plasma membrane BR signaling components.ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Formula: C18H24N6O6S4) was used in this study.

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Large quantities of aliphatic amines are made synthetically. The most widely used industrial method is the reaction of alcohols with ammonia at a high temperature, catalyzed by metals or metal oxide catalysts (e.g., nickel or copper). Mixtures of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are thereby produced.Formula: C18H24N6O6S4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

《Phenolic profile, antioxidant, and antidiabetic potential exerted by millet grain varieties》 was published in Antioxidants in 2020. These research results belong to Ofosu, Fred Kwame; Elahi, Fazle; Daliri, Eric Banan-Mwine; Chelliah, Ramachandran; Ham, Hun Ju; Kim, Joong-Hark; Han, Sang-Ik; Hur, Jang Hyun; Oh, Deog-Hwan. Synthetic Route of C18H24N6O6S4 The article mentions the following:

This study evaluated the potential antioxidant and antidiabetic properties in vitro of four millet grain varieties cultivated in South Korea. The free fractions were tested for their total antioxidant capacity using 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+) and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays, followed by α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) formation inhibition assays. The total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins in the free fractions ranged from 107.8 to 136.4 mg ferulic acid equivalent (FAE)/100 g, 101.3 to 115.8 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/100 g, and 17.65 to 59.54 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/100 g, resp. Finger Italian millet had the highest total phenolic content (136.4 mg FAE/100 g) and flavonoid content (115.8 mg CE/100 g). Barnyard and finger Italian millet showed the highest DPPH (IC50 = 359.6μg/mL and 436.25μg/mL, resp.) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 362.40μg/mL and 381.65μg/mL, resp.). Similarly, finger Italian millet also exhibited significantly lower IC50 values for the percentage inhibition of α-glucosidase (18.07μg/mL) and α-amylase (10.56μg/mL) as compared with acarbose (IC50 = 59.34μg/mL and 27.73μg/mL, resp.) and AGEs formation (33.68μg/mL) as compared with aminoguanidine (AG) (52.30μg/mL). All eight phenolic compounds identified in finger Italian millet were flavonoids, with flavanols being the predominant subclass. Taken together, millet flavonoids play important roles in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes, and hence finger Italian millet has the potential to be developed as a functional food. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Synthetic Route of C18H24N6O6S4)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Examples of direct uses of amines and their salts are as corrosion inhibitors in boilers and in lubricating oils (morpholine), as antioxidants for rubber and roofing asphalt (diarylamines), as stabilizers for cellulose nitrate explosives (diphenylamine), as protectants against damage from gamma radiation (diarylamines), as developers in photography (aromatic diamines), as flotation agents in mining, as anticling and waterproofing agents for textiles, as fabric softeners, in paper coating, and for solubilizing herbicides.Synthetic Route of C18H24N6O6S4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

The author of 《A convenient colorimetric bacteria detection method utilizing chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles》 were Le, Thao Nguyen; Tran, Tai Duc; Kim, Moon Il. And the article was published in Nanomaterials in 2020. Related Products of 30931-67-0 The author mentioned the following in the article:

An effective novel strategy to detect bacteria is promising because it may improve human health by allowing early diagnosis and timely treatment of bacterial infections. Here, we report a simple, reliable, and economical colorimetric assay using the peroxidase-like activity of chitosan-coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (CS-MNPs). When CS-MNPs are incubated with a sample containing bacterial cells such as the gram-neg. Escherichia coli or the gram-pos. Staphylococcus aureus, the neg.-charged bacterial membrane interacts with pos.-charged chitosan on the surface of CS-MNPs, thus resulting in significant reduction of their peroxidase-like activity presumably by a hindrance in the accessibility of the neg. charged substrate, 2-2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) to the pos.-charged CS-MNPs. This simple colorimetric strategy allowed the rapid detection of bacterial cells down to 104 CFU mL-1 by the naked eye and 102 CFU mL-1 by spectrophotometry within 10 min. Based on the results, we anticipate that the CS-MNPs-based assay has great potential for the on-site diagnosis of bacterial infections in facility-limited or point-of-care testing (POCT) environments. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Related Products of 30931-67-0)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Examples of direct uses of amines and their salts are as corrosion inhibitors in boilers and in lubricating oils (morpholine), as antioxidants for rubber and roofing asphalt (diarylamines), as stabilizers for cellulose nitrate explosives (diphenylamine), as protectants against damage from gamma radiation (diarylamines), as developers in photography (aromatic diamines), as flotation agents in mining, as anticling and waterproofing agents for textiles, as fabric softeners, in paper coating, and for solubilizing herbicides.Related Products of 30931-67-0

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

In 2021,Analytical Sciences included an article by Leng, Yan; Bu, Shengjun; Li, Zhongyi; Hao, Zhuo; Ma, Chengyou; He, Xiuxia; Wan, Jiayu. COA of Formula: C18H24N6O6S4. The article was titled 《A colorimetric immunosensor based on Hemin@MI nanozyme composites, with peroxidase-like activity for point-of-care testing of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Recently, nanozymes have become a topic of particular interest due to their high activity level, stability and biocompatibility. In this study, a visual, sensitive and selective point-of-care immunosensor was established to test the pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7). Hemin and magainin I (MI) hybrid nanocomposites (Hemin@MI) with peroxidase-mimicking activities were synthesized via a “”one-pot”” method, involving the simple mixing of an antimicrobial peptide (MI) against E. coli O157:H7 and hemin in a copper sulfate sodium phosphate saline buffer. Hemin@MI nanocomposites integrating target recognition and signal amplification were developed as signal probes for the point-ofcare colorimetric detection of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7. Hemin@MI nanocomposites exhibit excellent peroxidase activity for the chromogenic reaction of ABTS, which allows for the visual point-of-care testing of E. coli O157:H7 in the range of 102 to 108 CFU/mL, with a limit of detection of 85 CFU/mL. These data suggest this immunosensor provides accessible and portable assessments of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 in real samples. In the experiment, the researchers used ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0COA of Formula: C18H24N6O6S4)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Left-handed and right-handed forms (mirror-image configurations, known as optical isomers or enantiomers) are possible when all the substituents on the central nitrogen atom are different (i.e., the nitrogen is chiral). With amines, there is extremely rapid inversion in which the two configurations are interconverted.COA of Formula: C18H24N6O6S4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

《Phenolic compounds and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Algerian honeys》 was written by Otmani, Amar; Amessis-Ouchemoukh, Nadia; Birinci, Ceren; Yahiaoui, Sonia; Kolayli, Sevgi; Rodriguez-Flores, Maria Shantal; Escuredo, Olga; Seijo, Maria Carmen; Ouchemoukh, Salim. Product Details of 30931-67-0 And the article was included in Food Bioscience on August 31 ,2021. The article conveys some information:

Twenty-six samples of Algerian honeys were analyzed to determine their color intensity, content of bioactive compounds using colorimetric methods and phenolic profile using a high-performance liquid chromatog.-UV (HPLC-UV) anal. The antioxidant activities of the samples were estimated using 6 methods (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl and 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid free radicals scavenging, reducing power, chelating ferrous activity, nitric oxide radical scavenging assay and β-carotene bleaching) and the antibacterial power was determined in vitro using agar diffusion tests and measuring minimal inhibitory concentration The color of honeys ranged from light yellow to dark amber with an intensity ranging from 350 to 1510 mAU. The highest content of total polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids and vitamin C and the best antioxidant activity was obtained from dark honeys. Sixteen phenolic compounds (8 phenolic acids and 8 flavonoids) were quantified. The antibacterial tests showed that Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive strain compared to Salmonella typhi. The results allowed establishing a quant. phenolic profile of Algerian honeys. The bioactive compounds, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities, of honey did not depend on its monofloral or polyfloral nature, but rather on the type of flowers foraged by the bees and its geog. origin. The dark color of honey is a good indicator of a higher antioxidant content and the best biol. properties.ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Product Details of 30931-67-0) was used in this study.

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. In organic chemistry, amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are formally derivatives of ammonia (NH3), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group (these may respectively be called alkylamines and arylamines; amines in which both types of substituent are attached to one nitrogen atom may be called alkylarylamines).Product Details of 30931-67-0

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

《Lactobacillus bulgaricus improves antioxidant capacity of black garlic in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized control trial》 was written by Si, Lihui; Lin, Ruixin; Jia, Yan; Jian, Wenwen; Yu, Qing; Wang, Min; Yang, Shuli. Application of 30931-67-0 And the article was included in Bioscience Reports on August 30 ,2019. The article conveys some information:

Lactobacillus bulgaricus may improve antioxidant capacity of black garlic in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Black garlic was prepared with or without L. bulgaricus. Volatile and polysaccharides were analyzed by using LC-MS, Fourier Transform IR (FTIR) and 13C NMR (NMR). The study design was parallel randomized controlled trial and 226 GDM patients were randomly assigned into BG (black garlic and L. bulgaricus) and CG (black garlic) groups, and allocation ratio was 1:1. The treatment duration was 40 wk. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 1- and 2-h blood glucose (1hBG and 2hBG) after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were detected. Antioxidant function of black garlic was determined by measuring plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in GDM patients. The comparison between two groups was made using two independent samples t test. The intake of nutrients was similar between two groups (P>0.05). L. bulgaricus promoted the transformation of the glucopyranoside to glucofuranoside. L. bulgaricus increased the abilities of black garlic for scavenging hydroxyl radicals, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzenthiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS) and DPPH free radicals. L. bulgaricus reduced the levels of FBG, 1hBG and 2hBG, and incidence of perinatal complications (P<0.01). Plasma MDA level in the BG group was lower than in the CG group, whereas the levels of SOD, GSH-PX and T-AOC in the BG group were higher than in the CG group (P<0.01). L. bulgaricus improves antioxidant capacity of black garlic in the prevention of GDM. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Application of 30931-67-0)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Large quantities of aliphatic amines are made synthetically. The most widely used industrial method is the reaction of alcohols with ammonia at a high temperature, catalyzed by metals or metal oxide catalysts (e.g., nickel or copper). Mixtures of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are thereby produced.Application of 30931-67-0

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica