New progress of cas: 55981-09-4 | Nature Communications 2021

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), an anthelmintic agent, exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans.Safety of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Safety of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetateIn 2021, Wipperman, Matthew F.;Bhattarai, Shakti K.;Vorkas, Charles Kyriakos;Maringati, Venkata Suhas;Taur, Ying;Mathurin, Laurent;McAulay, Katherine;Vilbrun, Stalz Charles;Francois, Daphie;Bean, James;Walsh, Kathleen F.;Nathan, Carl;Fitzgerald, Daniel W.;Glickman, Michael S.;Bucci, Vanni published 《Gastrointestinal microbiota composition predicts peripheral inflammatory state during treatment of human tuberculosis》. 《Nature Communications》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

The composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota influences systemic immune responses, but how this affects infectious disease pathogenesis and antibiotic therapy outcome is poorly understood. This question is rarely examined in humans due to the difficulty in dissociating the immunol. effects of antibiotic-induced pathogen clearance and microbiome alteration. Here, we analyze data from two longitudinal studies of tuberculosis (TB) therapy (35 and 20 individuals) and a cross sectional study from 55 healthy controls, in which we collected fecal samples (for microbiome anal.), sputum (for determination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacterial load), and peripheral blood (for transcriptomic anal.). We decouple microbiome effects from pathogen sterilization by comparing standard TB therapy with an exptl. TB treatment that did not reduce Mtb bacterial load. Random forest regression to the microbiome-transcriptome-sputum data from the two longitudinal datasets reveals that renormalization of the TB inflammatory state is associated with Mtb pathogen clearance, increased abundance of Clusters IV and XIVa Clostridia, and decreased abundance of Bacilli and Proteobacteria. We find similar associations when applying machine learning to peripheral gene expression and microbiota profiling in the independent cohort of healthy individuals. Our findings indicate that antibiotic-induced reduction in pathogen burden and changes in the microbiome are independently associated with treatment-induced changes of the inflammatory response of active TB, and the response to antibiotic therapy may be a combined effect of pathogen killing and microbiome driven immunomodulation. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), an anthelmintic agent, exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans.Safety of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Cas: 55981-09-4 | Angeles-Arvizu, Adriana et al. made new progress in 2021

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), an anthelmintic agent, exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans.Quality Control of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Angeles-Arvizu, Adriana;Enriquez-Flores, Sergio;Jimenez-Gutierrez, Alma;Perez-Rangel, Armando;Luna-Arias, Juan Pedro;Castillo-Romero, Araceli;Hernandez, Jose Manuel;Leon-Avila, Gloria published 《MDR1 protein (ABC-C1) Over Expression in Giardia Intestinalis Incubated with Albendazole and Nitazoxanide》. The research results were published in《Acta Parasitologica》 in 2021.Quality Control of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate The article conveys some information:

Giardia intestinalis is a worldwide parasite. Drugs used for the treatment of giardiasis are metronidazole, albendazole and nitazoxanide. The development of drug resistance is an obstacle to the effective treatment. Resistance mechanisms in some parasites involve the participation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. To find if the ATP-binding cassette genes are overexpressed in trophozoites treated with albendazole or nitazoxanide. A search for ATP-binding cassette genes in Giardia sequence database (GiardiaDB) was done and six genes were selected. Trophozoites treated with albendazole or nitazoxanide and the expression of these six ABC genes was quantitated by real-time RT-PCR. The ABC-C1 gene was selected, and a fragment cloned. The ABC-C1 protein was expressed, and polyclonal antibodies were elicited in mice to detect the protein in treated trophozoites, finally a docking anal. was performed for ABC-C1 and tizoxanide interaction. Bioinformatics anal. showed that the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) topol. is present in the six proteins. The qRT-PCR revealed that the ABC-C1 gene was overexpressed in cells incubated with nitazoxanide or albendazole. Confocal anal. showed that ABC-C1 protein levels increased in trophozoites with both treatments but was higher with nitazoxanide. The mark was detected heavily in the periphery of the cells. Using a docking anal., it was found that the nitazoxanide metabolite, tizoxanide was docked close to the ATP-binding region as well as in the exit tunnel, located in the transmembrane region. These findings in Giardia intestinalis, support the possible role of ABC-C1 in drug efflux. To complete the study, the researchers used 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), an anthelmintic agent, exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans.Quality Control of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy | Cas: 55981-09-4 was involved in experiment

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been approved as an orphan drug for the treatment of diarrhea in children (age, 1–11 years) and is associated with giardiasis, but it also is approved for diarrhea caused by crytosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.Application In Synthesis of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Application In Synthesis of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate《Current pharmacotherapy of cryptosporidiosis: an update of the state-of-the-art》 was published in 2021. The authors were Schneider, Anne;Wendt, Sebastian;Luebbert, Christoph;Trawinski, Henning, and the article was included in《Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Cryptosporidiosis has emerged as a major cause of diarrheal disease worldwide. It has especially serious health consequences for young, malnourished children living in endemic areas and for individuals with highly impaired T-cell function, such as HIV-pos. individuals with low CD4 counts or immunosuppressed solid-organ transplant recipients. A selective literature search using PubMed was performed to review the available therapeutics to treat cryptosporidiosis, as well as related advances in drug development. The only FDA-approved antiparasitic treatment in immunocompetent patients is nitazoxanide; however, it has failed to demonstrate convincing effectiveness among HIV-pos. patients, immunosuppressed individuals and malnourished children. Thus, restoring HIV-pos. patients’ cellular immune response through effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), or reducing or changing immunosuppressive drugs, is important. Several new targets have been identified for chemotherapy, and the development of drugs for these targets has progressed, including parasite kinases, nucleic acid synthesis and processing, proteases and lipid metabolism Candidate drugs that have been shown to be effective and safe in a neonatal calf model will most likely constitute the next advance for clin. trials in humans. However, developing an effective and inexpensive vaccination, as well as complementing structural preventive measures, would most decisively reduce the global cryptosporidiosis burden. And 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) was used in the research process.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been approved as an orphan drug for the treatment of diarrhea in children (age, 1–11 years) and is associated with giardiasis, but it also is approved for diarrhea caused by crytosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.Application In Synthesis of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Learn more about cas: 55981-09-4 | Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology 2021

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.HPLC of Formula: 55981-09-4

Goel, Vasudha;Jain, Anubhav;Sharma, Garima;Jhajharia, Ashok;Agarwal, Vishnu Kumar;Ashdhir, Prachis;Pokharna, Rupesh;Chauhan, Virender published 《Evaluating the efficacy of nitazoxanide in uncomplicated amebic liver abscess.》. The research results were published in《Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology》 in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 55981-09-4 The article conveys some information:

BACKGROUND: Amebic liver abscess is treated successfully with metronidazole or another nitroimidazole drug followed by a luminal amebicide. Metronidazole has long been preferred, but has been associated with several adverse effects including intolerance in certain clinical situations. Mechanisms of metronidazole resistance and mutagenic potential have been described. Effects of the use of drug in pregnant women and infants of lactating women are unknown. Nitazoxanide was proven to be efficacious in treating invasive intestinal amebiasis. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide as compared to metronidazole in patients with uncomplicated amebic liver abscess. METHODS: Patients with clinical and ultrasonography features suggestive of liver abscess, positive amebic serology, and/or anchovy sauce appearance on aspiration of the pus were included in the study and randomized into two parallel treatment groups. Group M received metronidazole, 2-2.5 g/day intravenous (IV), for inpatients, or 2-2.4 g/day oral, for outpatients in three divided doses for 14 days. Group N received nitazoxanide 500 mg BD per oral for 10 days. RESULTS: A total of sixty subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria were randomized equally into two groups, group M and group N. Number of patients achieving symptomatic clinical response (SCR) was similar in the two groups (80% vs. 76.7%, p = 1.00), though time to achieve symptomatic clinical response was significantly lower in metronidazole group as compared to that in nitazoxanide group. Greater proportion of patients achieved early clinical response (ECR) in metronidazole group as compared to nitazoxanide group. Complete resolution of abscess, at 6 months, was noted in 18 (60%) patients in the M group and 22 (73.3%) patients in the N group (p = 0.273). Metronidazole was associated with significantly greater frequency of adverse effects than nitazoxanide. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows equivalent efficacy of nitazoxanide in uncomplicated amebic liver abscess as compared to metronidazole, with better tolerability and advantage of simultaneous luminal clearance, thus reducing chances of recurrence. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CTRI/2019/01/017249. To complete the study, the researchers used 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.HPLC of Formula: 55981-09-4

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Explore more uses of cas: 55981-09-4 | Chemical Research in Toxicology

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been approved as an orphan drug for the treatment of diarrhea in children (age, 1–11 years) and is associated with giardiasis, but it also is approved for diarrhea caused by crytosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Jaladanki, Chaitanya K.;Khatun, Samima;Gohlke, Holger;Bharatam, Prasad V. published 《Reactive Metabolites from Thiazole-Containing Drugs: Quantum Chemical Insights into Biotransformation and Toxicity》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《Chemical Research in Toxicology》. They have made some progress in their research.Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate The article mentions the following:

Drugs containing thiazole and aminothiazole groups are known to generate reactive metabolites (RMs) catalyzed by cytochrome P450s (CYPs). These RMs can covalently modify essential cellular macromols. and lead to toxicity and induce idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions. Mol. docking and quantum chem. hybrid DFT study were carried out to explore the mol. mechanisms involved in the biotransformation of thiazole (TZ) and aminothiazole (ATZ) groups leading to RM epoxide, S-oxide, N-oxide, and oxaziridine. The energy barrier required for the epoxidation is 13.63 kcal/mol, that is lower than that of S-oxidation, N-oxidation, and oxaziridine formation (14.56, 17.90, and 20.20, kcal/mol resp.). The presence of the amino group in ATZ further facilitates all the metabolic pathways, for example, the barrier for the epoxidation reaction is reduced by ~2.5 kcal/mol. Some of the RMs/their isomers are highly electrophilic and tend to form covalent bonds with nucleophilic amino acids, finally leading to the formation of metabolic intermediate complexes (MICs). The energy profiles of these competitive pathways have also been explored. And 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) was used in the research process.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been approved as an orphan drug for the treatment of diarrhea in children (age, 1–11 years) and is associated with giardiasis, but it also is approved for diarrhea caused by crytosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

New progress of cas: 55981-09-4 | Biochemical Pharmacology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2022

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), an anthelmintic agent, exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans.SDS of cas: 55981-09-4

SDS of cas: 55981-09-4《Nitazoxanide and related thiazolides induce cell death in cancer cells by targeting the 20S proteasome with novel binding modes》 was published in 2022. The authors were Lu, Zirui;Li, Xiaona;Li, Kebin;Ripani, Paola;Shi, Xiaomeng;Xu, Fengrong;Wang, Mopei;Zhang, Liangren;Brunner, Thomas;Xu, Ping;Niu, Yan, and the article was included in《Biochemical Pharmacology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Nitazoxanide and related thiazolides are a novel class of anti-infectious agents against protozoan parasites, bacteria and viruses. In recent years, it is demonstrated that thiazolides can also induce cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. Due to their fast proliferating nature, cancer cells highly depend on the proteasome system to remove aberrant proteins. Many of these aberrant proteins are regulators of cell cycle progression and apoptosis, such as the cyclins, BCL2 family members and nuclear factor of κB (NF-κB). Here, we demonstrate at both mol. and cellular levels that the 20S proteasome is a direct target of NTZ and related thiazolides. By concurrently inhibiting the multiple catalytic subunits of 20S proteasome, NTZ promotes cell cycle arrest and triggers cell death in colon cancer cells, either directly or as a sensitizer to other anti-tumor agents, especially doxorubicin. We further show that the binding mode of NTZ in the β5 subunit of the 20S proteasome is different from that of bortezomib and other existing proteasome inhibitors. These findings provide new insights in the design of novel small mol. proteasome inhibitors as anti-tumor agents suitable for solid tumor treatment in an oral dosing form.2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), an anthelmintic agent, exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans.SDS of cas: 55981-09-4

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Cas: 55981-09-4 | Bhandari, Ranjanapublished an article in 2021

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been used: to test its anti-viral activity against chikungunya virus as an antiprotozoal agent to test its effect on cell viability in various cancer cell lines; to test its effect on human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infected human fibroblast HFF cellsElectric Literature of C12H9N3O5S

Bhandari, Ranjana;Khanna, Garima;Kuhad, Anurag published 《Pharmacological insight into potential therapeutic agents for the deadly Covid-19 pandemic》. The research results were published in《European Journal of Pharmacology》 in 2021.Electric Literature of C12H9N3O5S The article conveys some information:

A review. Coronaviruses are pleomorphic, enveloped, or spherical viruses, which have a size ranging from 80 to 120 nm. These viruses act on receptors that cause the triggering of fusion. Coronaviruses were first described after cultivation from patients with common colds by Tyrell and Bynoe in 1966. There are various subtypes of coronavirus, 7 out of these can cause infection in human beings. The Alpha subtype is responsible for mild infection showing symptoms or infection without any prevailing symptoms. On the other hand, the beta subtype is responsible for very serious diseases leading to fatality. The lineage of this novel SARS-CoV-2 falls under the beta lineage of the beta coronavirus which has been observed to have a relation to the MERS and SARS coronavirus. In the Huanan market selling seafood, the transition of this novel virus in humans from animals has occurred. It has the potential to be the cause of widespread fatality amongst the people of the globe. On August 16, 2020, the World Health Organization had reported 2,1294,845 cases which are confirmed to date out of which 413,372 deaths have occurred. Currently, no targeted antiviral vaccines or drugs to fight against COVID-19 infection have been approved for use in humans. This pandemic is fast emerging and drug repurposing is the only ray of hope which can ensure quick availability. Vaccine development is progressing each day with various platforms such as DNA, Live Attenuated Virus, Non-Replicating Viral Vector, Protein Subunit, and RNA, being utilized for the development. COVID-19 attacks the immune system of the host & this can result in a cytokine storm. As a result, various herbal agents both acting as antivirals and immunomodulatory can also be used. Convalescent Plasma Therapy and Mesenchymal Stem Cell therapy are also being explored as a plausible therapeutic. There remains a considerable unmet need for therapeutics to be addressed. The development and availability of accessible and efficient therapy are essential for the treatment of patients. This review discusses the epidemiol., pathogenesis, the tale of origin, and transmission of COVID-19 or Sars-Cov2 virus and gives evidence of potential therapeutic agents that can be explored to cast away this pandemic. To complete the study, the researchers used 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been used: to test its anti-viral activity against chikungunya virus as an antiprotozoal agent to test its effect on cell viability in various cancer cell lines; to test its effect on human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infected human fibroblast HFF cellsElectric Literature of C12H9N3O5S

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Cas: 55981-09-4 | Fahmy, Mennat-Elrahman Ahmed et al. published an article in 2021

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been used: to test its anti-viral activity against chikungunya virus as an antiprotozoal agent to test its effect on cell viability in various cancer cell lines; to test its effect on human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infected human fibroblast HFF cellsName: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Name: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetateIn 2021, Fahmy, Mennat-Elrahman Ahmed;Abdelaal, Amany Ahmed;Hassan, Soad Ismail;Shalaby, Maisa Ahmed;Ismail, Mousa Abdelgawad Mousa;Khairy, Rasha Ahmed;Badawi, Manal Abdelmaged;Afife, Adam Ashraf;Fadl, Hanaa Omar published 《Antiparasitic and immunomodulating effects of nitazoxanide, ivermectin and selenium on Cryptosporidium infection in diabetic mice.》. 《Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

The present work aims to investigate the antiparasitic and the immunomodulating effects of nitazoxanide (NTZ) and ivermectin (IVC) alone or combined together or combined with selenium (Se), on Cryptosporidium infection in diabetic mice. The results revealed that the combined NTZ and IVC therapy achieved the highest reduction of fecal oocysts (92%), whereas single NTZ showed the lowest reduction (63%). Also, adding Se to either NTZ or IVC resulted in elevation of oocyst reduction from 63% to 71% and from 82% to 84% respectively. All treatment regimens, with the exception of NTZ monotherapy, showed a significant improvement in the intestinal histopathology, the highest score was in combined NTZ and IVC therapy. The unique results of immunohistochemistry in this study showed reversal of the normal CD4/CD8 T cell ratio in the infected untreated mice, however, following therapy it reverts back to a normal balanced ratio. The combined (NTZ+ IVC) treatment demonstrated the highest level of CD4 T cell expression. Taken together, NTZ and IVC combined therapy showed remarkable anti-parasitic and immunostimulatory effects, specifically towards the CD4 population that seem to be promising in controlling cryptosporidiosis in diabetic individuals. Further research is required to explore other effective treatment strategies for those comorbid patients. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been used: to test its anti-viral activity against chikungunya virus as an antiprotozoal agent to test its effect on cell viability in various cancer cell lines; to test its effect on human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infected human fibroblast HFF cellsName: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Sun, Haiyan et al. published new progress in experiments with the help of cas: 55981-09-4

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.Computed Properties of C12H9N3O5S

Computed Properties of C12H9N3O5SIn 2021, Sun, Haiyan;Ou, Tong;Hu, Jianyang;Yang, Ziyi;Lei, Qifang;Li, Yuqing;Wang, Gang;Li, Yongpeng;Wu, Kai;Wang, Shupeng;Wu, Song published 《Nitazoxanide impairs mitophagy flux through ROS-mediated mitophagy initiation and lysosomal dysfunction in bladder cancer》. 《Biochemical Pharmacology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancy in the urinary tract with high recurrence and drug resistance in clinics. Alternative treatments from existing drugs might be a promising strategy. Nitazoxanide (NTZ), an FDA-approved antiprotozoal drug, has got increasingly noticed because of its favorable safety profile and antitumor potential, yet the effects in bladder cancer and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we find that NTZ induces mitochondrial damage and mitophagy initiation through PINK1-generated phospho-ubiquitin(pS65-Ub) and autophagy receptor-mediated pathway even in the absence of Atg5/Beclin1. Meanwhile, NTZ inhibits lysosomal degradation activity, leading to mitophagy flux impairment at late stage. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is critical in this process, as eliminating ROS with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) efficiently inhibits PINK1 signaling-mediated mitophagy initiation and alleviates lysosomal dysfunction. Co-treatment with NTZ and autophagy inhibitor Chloroquine (CQ) to aggravate mitophagy flux impairment promotes NTZ-induced apoptosis, while alleviation of mitophagy flux impairment with ROS scavenger reduces cell death. Moreover, we also discover a similar signaling response in the 3D bladder tumor spheroid after NTZ exposure. In vivo study reveals a significant inhibition of orthotopic bladder tumors with no obvious systemic toxicity. Together, our results uncover the anti-tumor activities of NTZ with the involvement of ROS-mediated mitophagy modulation at different stages and demonstrate it as a potential drug candidate for fighting against bladder tumors.2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.Computed Properties of C12H9N3O5S

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Explore more uses of cas: 55981-09-4 | Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been used: to test its anti-viral activity against chikungunya virus as an antiprotozoal agent to test its effect on cell viability in various cancer cell lines; to test its effect on human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infected human fibroblast HFF cellsQuality Control of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Quality Control of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate《Lipoic acid (LA) dose-dependently protects bone losses in the mandible of rats during the development of osteopenia by inhibiting oxidative stress and promoting bone formation》 was published in 2022. The authors were Radzki, Radoslaw Piotr;Bienko, Marek;Wolski, Dariusz;Oniszczuk, Tomasz;Radzka-Pogoda, Agnieszka;Polak, Pawel;Borzecki, Andrzej;Stasiak, Mateusz, and the article was included in《Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Our study was carried out to evaluate the effect of lipoic acid (LA) on the densitometric properties, structure and mech. strength of the mandible of Wistar rats with developing osteopenia. The study used 42 sham-operated (SHO) and ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The OVX rats were randomly divided (n = 6) onto two controls treated s.c. with physiol. saline (OVX-PhS) and 17β-estradiol (OVX-E2), resp., and onto four exptl. OVX groups that received LA in the doses of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day for 28 days. The results demonstrated that the lack of estrogen brought about osteopenic bone changes, especially in the trabecular compartment. In addition, while the usage of LA in the doses of 12.5 and 25 LA had no effect in OVX rats, the dose of 100 effectively inhibited osteopenic changes of the mandible. This dose maintained structural, densitometric and mech. parameters at levels like that in the SHO and OVX-E2 groups by inhibiting the destructive influence of oxidative stress. Dose 50, however, was revealed to be the most effective. It not only inhibited atrophic changes and the influence of oxidative stress, but also stimulated the formation of mandibular bone tissue. Our results suggest that the administration of LA is effective in preventing atrophic changes in the mandibular bone tissue in conditions of ovarian hormone deficiency and suggest its potential in the therapy of osteoporosis. And 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) was used in the research process.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been used: to test its anti-viral activity against chikungunya virus as an antiprotozoal agent to test its effect on cell viability in various cancer cell lines; to test its effect on human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infected human fibroblast HFF cellsQuality Control of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica