Category: 55981-09-4

Reference of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetateIn 2022, Ferreira de Lima, Nayana;de Andrade Picanco, Guaraciara;Costa, Tatiane Luiza;Vinaud, Marina Clare published 《In vitro metabolic stress induced by nitazoxanide and flubendazole combination in Taenia crassiceps cysticerci》. 《Experimental Parasitology》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Taenia crassiceps is often used as exptl. model for T. solium cysticercosis studies. Currently cysticercosis antiparasitic treatment is based on albendazole and praziquantel which may present side effects and parasitic resistance. The search for other antiparasitic drugs is necessary. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) and flubendazole (FLB) are broad spectrum antiparasitic drugs that present anti-cysticercosis effect. Metabolic analyses help to determine the impact of these drugs on parasites. The aim of this study was to determine the impact on the production and excretion of organic metabolites in T. crassiceps cysticerci after in vitro exposure to NTZ and FLB, isolated or in combination. T. crassiceps cysticerci were culture in RPMI medium and exposed to 10 μg/mL of NTZ, 10 μg/mL of FLB or 10 μg/mL of NTZ +10 μg/mL of FLB. 24 h after exposure, the parasites were chromatog. analyzed to determine the impact of these drugs on glycolysis, homolactic fermentation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acids oxidation and proteins catabolism. It was possible to determine that the drugs combination induced greater metabolic impact on cysticerci in comparison to the isolated drugs exposure. The drugs combination induced gluconeogenesis, metabolic acidosis, increase in tricarboxylic acid cycle and in proteins catabolism. While the NTZ isolated exposure induced metabolic acidosis and protein catabolism and the FLB isolate exposure induced gluconeogenesis and protein catabolism. These results show that the combination of drugs with different modes of action increase the antiparasitic effect and may be indicated as alternative cysticercosis treatments. To complete the study, the researchers used 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.Reference of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Safety of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetateIn 2022, Ebrahimi, Mahsa;Akhavan, Omid published 《Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Degradations of Analgesic, Mucolytic and Anti-Biotic/Viral/Inflammatory Drugs Widely Used in Controlling SARS-CoV-2》. 《Catalysts》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

A review. The COVID-19 pandemic has been transformed into one of the main worldwide challenges, in recent years. For controlling symptoms that are caused by this disease (e.g., chills or fever, shortness of breath and/or difficulty in breathing, cough, sore throat, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, the new loss of tastes and/or smells, congestion or runny nose, nausea, vomiting and/or diarrhea), lots of medicines including analgesics, mucolytics, and anti-biotic/viral/inflammatory drugs have been frequently prescribed. As these medicines finally contaminate terrestrial and aquatic habitats by entering surface waterways through pharmaceutical production and excreting trace amounts of waste after human usage, they have neg. impacts on wildlife′s health and ecosystem. Residual drugs in water have the potential to harm aquatic creatures and disrupt their food chain as well as the breeding cycle. Therefore, proper degradation of these broadly used medicines is highly crucial. In this work, the use of nanomaterials applicable in photocatalytic degradations of analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen), mucolytics (e.g., ambroxol), antibiotics (e.g., azithromycin and quinolones including hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine phosphate), anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids (e.g., dexamethasone and cortisone acetate), antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), H2 blockers (e.g., famotidine), anthelmintics (e.g., praziquantel), and finally antivirals (e.g., ivermectin, acyclovir, lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir, nitazoxanide, and remdesivir) which widely used in controlling/treating the coronavirus have been reviewed and discussed. To complete the study, the researchers used 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been approved as an orphan drug for the treatment of diarrhea in children (age, 1–11 years) and is associated with giardiasis, but it also is approved for diarrhea caused by crytosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.Safety of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Apaydin, Cagla Begum;Cinar, Gozde;Cihan-Ustundag, Gokce published 《Small-molecule Antiviral Agents in Ongoing Clinical Trials for COVID-19》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《Current Drug Targets》. They have made some progress in their research.Related Products of 55981-09-4 The article mentions the following:

A review. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, due to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Dec. 2019 and has rapidly spread globally. As the confirmed number of cases has reached 83 million worldwide, the potential severity and the deadly complications of the disease requires urgent development of effective drugs for prevention and treatment. No proven effective treatment for this virus currently exists. Most of the antiviral discovery efforts are focused on the repurposing of approved or clin. stage drugs. This review highlights the small-mol. repurposed antiviral agents that are currently under investigation in clin. trials for COVID-19. These include viral polymerase and protease inhibitors remdesivir, galidesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin, sofosbuvir, tenofovir/emtricitabine, baloxavir marboxil, EIDD-2801, lopinavir/ritonavir; virus-/host-directed viral entry and fusion inhibitors arbidol chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, chlorpromazine, camostat mesylate, nafamostat mesylate, bromhexine and agents with diverse/unclear mechanism of actions as oseltamivir, triazavirin, ivermectin, nitazoxanide, niclosamide and BLD-2660. The published preclin. and clin. data to date on these drugs as well as the mechanisms of action are reviewed.2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been approved as an orphan drug for the treatment of diarrhea in children (age, 1–11 years) and is associated with giardiasis, but it also is approved for diarrhea caused by crytosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.Related Products of 55981-09-4

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Pinheiro, Tiago Novaes;Leite, Milena Gomes Melo;da Silva, Cristiane Cantiga;Alexandre, Cleber Nunes;Cabral, Lioney Nobre;Carvalho, Hannah Marcelle Paulain;de Souza, Daniel Frota;Goncalves, Jessica Lourdes de Aguiar;de Souza, Thales Edecherly Nasserala;Melo, Nara Deise de Souza;Cintra, Luciano Tavares Angelo;Kanehira, Beatriz Terumi Barreto;de Albuquerque, Gustavo Cavalcanti published 《Comparative evaluation of vegetable matter involved lesions with oral parasitic infections in the oral cavity》. The research results were published in《Microscopy Research and Technique》 in 2022.Computed Properties of C12H9N3O5S The article conveys some information:

The current research aims to perform a comparative evaluation of vegetable matter involved lesions with oral parasitic infections found in oral mucosa, presenting histochem. methods to differentiate their microscopic similarities. Eight cases were selected out of a sample of 1.975 reports from a single Oral and Maxillofacial Pathol. Service of the authors institution from 2012 to 2019. Specimens were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, Gomori-Grocott staining, Ziehl-Neelsen staining, Giemsa, and mucicarmine staining. Microscopic anal. included fluorescence, polarized light, and confocal microscopy. Microscopically, in HE coloration, hookworm eggs showed as eosinophilic. Inflammatory multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes, were usually related to the nematode eggs, forming an intense inflammatory infiltrate. Biofluorescent properties of eggs and larvae revealed to be sensitive in the detection of parasitic structures contrasting with the inflamed connective tissue. Vegetable presence was confirmed by polarized light microscopy and it was found to be associated with microbial biofilms. Confocal microscopy has showed to be an excellent method for morphotype differentiation of parasitic eggs. Parasitic infection and vegetable matter displayed similarities in the inflammatory response, but the latter can rot and agglomerate biofilms. The microscopic diagnosis of such infections requires the interpretation of challenging morphol. features since the parasites are usually sectioned and mixed with an inflammatory reaction. These histochem. approaches proved to be excellent to distinguish both lesions. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been approved as an orphan drug for the treatment of diarrhea in children (age, 1–11 years) and is associated with giardiasis, but it also is approved for diarrhea caused by crytosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.Computed Properties of C12H9N3O5S

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Formula: C12H9N3O5S《Phenotypic screening techniques for Cryptosporidium drug discovery》 was published in 2021. The authors were Love, Melissa S.;McNamara, Case W., and the article was included in《Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

A review. Two landmark epidemiol. studies identified Cryptosporidium spp. as a significant cause of diarrheal disease in pediatric populations in resource-limited countries. Notably, nitazoxanide is the only approved drug for treatment of cryptosporidiosis but shows limited efficacy. As a result, many drug discovery efforts have commenced to find improved treatments. The unique biol. of Cryptosporidium presents challenges for traditional drug discovery methods, which has inspired new assay platforms to study parasite biol. and drug screening. The authors review historical advancements in phenotypic-based assays and techniques for Cryptosporidium drug discovery, as well as recent advances that will define future drug discovery. The reliance on phenotypic-based screens and repositioning of phenotypic hits from other pathogens has quickly created a robust pipeline of potential cryptosporidiosis therapeutics. The latest advances involve new in vitro culture methods for oocyst generation, continuous culturing capabilities, and more physiol. relevant assays for testing compounds Previous phenotypic screening techniques have laid the groundwork for recent cryptosporidiosis drug discovery efforts. The resulting improved methodologies characterize compound activity, identify, and validate drug targets, and prioritize new compounds for drug development. The most recent improvements in phenotypic assays are poised to help advance compounds into clin. development. To complete the study, the researchers used 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), an anthelmintic agent, exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans.Formula: C12H9N3O5S

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Verma, Akalesh Kumar;Aggarwal, Rohit published 《Repurposing potential of FDA-approved and investigational drugs for COVID-19 targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike and main protease and validation by machine learning algorithm》. The research results were published in《Chemical Biology & Drug Design》 in 2021.Category: thiazole The article conveys some information:

The present study aimed to assess the repurposing potential of existing antiviral drug candidates (FDA-approved and investigational) against SARS-CoV-2 target proteins that facilitates viral entry and replication into the host body. To evaluate mol. affinities between antiviral drug candidates and SARS-CoV-2 associated target proteins such as spike protein (S) and main protease (M^pro), a mol. interaction simulation was performed by docking software (MVD) and subsequently the applicability score was calculated by machine learning algorithm. Furthermore, the STITCH algorithm was used to predict the pharmacol. network involving multiple pathways of active drug candidate(s). Pharmacophore features of active drug(s) mol. was also determined to predict structure-activity relationship (SAR). The mol. interaction anal. showed that cordycepin has strong binding affinities with S protein (-180) and M^pro proteins (-205) which were relatively highest among other drug candidates used. Interestingly, compounds with low IC₅₀ showed high binding energy. Furthermore, machine learning algorithm also revealed high applicability scores (0.42-0.47) of cordycepin. It is worth mentioning that the pharmacol. network depicted the involvement of cordycepin in different pathways associated with bacterial and viral diseases including tuberculosis, hepatitis B, influenza A, viral myocarditis, and herpes simplex infection. The embedded pharmacophore features with cordycepin also suggested strong SAR. Cordycepin’s anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity indicated 65% (E-gene) and 42% (N-gene) viral replication inhibition after 48 h of treatment. Since, cordycepin has both preclin. and clin. evidences on antiviral activity, in addition the present findings further validate and suggest repurposing potential of cordycepin against COVID-19.2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been used: to test its anti-viral activity against chikungunya virus as an antiprotozoal agent to test its effect on cell viability in various cancer cell lines; to test its effect on human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infected human fibroblast HFF cellsCategory: thiazole

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Today I want to share an article with you. The article is 《Thiazole-based SARS-CoV-2 protease (COV M^pro) inhibitors: Design, synthesis, enzyme inhibition, and molecular modeling simulations》,you can find this article in 《Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim, Germany)》. The following contents are mentioned:

As an attempt to contribute to the efforts of combating the pandemic virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for COVID-19, new analogs of the repurposed drug nitazoxanide which showed promising inhibitory efficacy on a viral protease enzyme were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity on the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, using the COV2-3CL protease inhibition assay. The obtained results showed that the N-(substituted-thiazol-2-yl)cinnamamide analogs 19, 20, and 21 were the most active compounds with IC₅₀ values of 22.61, 14.7, 21.99 μM, resp., against the viral protease compared to the reference drugs, nitazoxanide, and lopinavir. Mol. modeling studies showed binding interactions of 19, 20, and 21 with hydrogen bonds to Gln189 and Glu166, arene-arene interaction between the thiazole moiety and His41, and other hydrophobic interactions between the ethene spacer moiety and Asn142. Moreover, an extra arene-arene interaction between substituted benzo[d]thiazole and His41 was observed regarding compounds 19 and 21. Surface mapping and flexible alignment proved the structural similarity between the new drug candidates and nitazoxanide. Compliance of the new compounds to Lipinski′s rule of five was investigated and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicol. data were predicted. The newly synthesized compounds are promising template ligands for further development and optimization. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), an anthelmintic agent, exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans.HPLC of Formula: 55981-09-4

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Reference of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate《Therapeutic Potential of Nitazoxanide: An Appropriate Choice for Repurposing versus SARS-CoV-2?》 was published in 2021. The authors were Stachulski, Andrew V.;Taujanskas, Joshua;Pate, Sophie L.;Rajoli, Rajith K. R.;Aljayyoussi, Ghaith;Pennington, Shaun H.;Ward, Stephen A.;Hong, Weiqian David;Biagini, Giancarlo A.;Owen, Andrew;Nixon, Gemma L.;Leung, Suet C.;O’Neill, Paul M., and the article was included in《ACS Infectious Diseases》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

A review. The rapidly growing COVID-19 pandemic is the most serious global health crisis since the Spanish flu of 1918. There is currently no proven effective drug treatment or prophylaxis for this coronavirus infection. While developing safe and effective vaccines is 1 of the key focuses, a number of existing antiviral drugs are being evaluated for their potency and efficiency against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in the clinic. We review the significant potential of nitazoxanide (NTZ) as an antiviral agent that can be repurposed as a treatment for COVID-19. Originally, NTZ was developed as an antiparasitic agent especially against Cryptosporidium spp.; it was later shown to possess potent activity against a broad range of both RNA and DNA viruses, including influenza A, hepatitis B and C, and coronaviruses. Recent in vitro assessment of NTZ has confirmed its promising activity against SARS-CoV-2 with an EC₅₀ of 2.12μM. We examine its drug properties, antiviral activity against different viruses, clin. trials outcomes, and mechanisms of antiviral action from the literature to highlight the therapeutic potential for the treatment of COVID-19. Furthermore, in preliminary PK/PD analyses using clin. data reported in the literature, comparison of simulated TIZ (active metabolite of NTZ) exposures at 2 doses with the in vitro potency of NTZ against SARS-CoV-2 gives further support for drug repurposing with potential in combination chemotherapy approaches. The review concludes with details of 2nd generation thiazolides under development that could lead to improved antiviral therapies for future indications.2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been approved as an orphan drug for the treatment of diarrhea in children (age, 1–11 years) and is associated with giardiasis, but it also is approved for diarrhea caused by crytosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.Reference of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Hedvat, Jessica;Salerno, David M.;Kovac, Danielle;Scheffert, Jenna L.;Corbo, Heather;Chen, Justin K.;Choe, Jason Y.;Jennings, Douglas L.;Anamisis, Anastasia;Liu, Esther C.;Lee, Jennifer H.;Shertel, Tara;Lange, Nicholas W. published 《Nitazoxanide treatment for norovirus infection in solid organ transplant recipients》. The research results were published in《Clinical Transplantation》 in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate The article conveys some information:

A review. This was an IRB-approved, single-center retrospective study of all SOT recipients with GI PCR pos. for acute NV who either received nitazoxanide for NV or did not receive nitazoxanide between Jan., 2015 and August, 2019. A total of 195S OT recipients with GIPCR pos. for NV infection were screened; 52 patients who received nitazoxanide (nita+) were matched on the basis of transplant type and time post-transplant to 52 patients who had GIPCR pos. NV but did not receive nitazoxanide (nita-). These results suggest that nitazoxanide may improve symptoms from NV infection. To complete the study, the researchers used 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Reference of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetateIn 2021, Ashigbie, Paul G;Shepherd, Susan;Steiner, Kevin L;Amadi, Beatrice;Aziz, Natasha;Manjunatha, Ujjini H;Spector, Jonathan M;Diagana, Thierry T;Kelly, Paul published 《Use-case scenarios for an anti-Cryptosporidium therapeutic.》. 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Cryptosporidium is a widely distributed enteric parasite that has an increasingly appreciated pathogenic role, particularly in pediatric diarrhea. While cryptosporidiosis has likely affected humanity for millennia, its recent “emergence” is largely the result of discoveries made through major epidemiologic studies in the past decade. There is no vaccine, and the only approved medicine, nitazoxanide, has been shown to have efficacy limitations in several patient groups known to be at elevated risk of disease. In order to help frontline health workers, policymakers, and other stakeholders translate our current understanding of cryptosporidiosis into actionable guidance to address the disease, we sought to assess salient issues relating to clinical management of cryptosporidiosis drawing from a review of the literature and our own field-based practice. This exercise is meant to help inform health system strategies for improving access to current treatments, to highlight recent achievements and outstanding knowledge and clinical practice gaps, and to help guide research activities for new anti-Cryptosporidium therapies. To complete the study, the researchers used 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), an anthelmintic agent, exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans.Reference of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica