Category: 92-36-4

McDonald, Sarah D; Pullenayegum, Eleanor; Chapman, Barbara; Vera, Claudio; Giglia, Lucia; Fusch, Christoph; Foster, Gary published an article in 2012, the title of the article was Prevalence and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge..COA of Formula: C14H12N2S And the article contains the following content:

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the population-based prevalence and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge in singleton and twin term newborns. METHODS: We studied all hospital births in the province of Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 2009, and March 31, 2010, to perform a retrospective cohort study. We included live singleton and twin births, at term (37 0/7 weeks of gestation to 41 6/7 weeks of gestation), with information about feeding at maternal-newborn discharge. Descriptive statistics were performed and logistic regression was used to identify factors related to exclusive breastfeeding. RESULTS: Our study population consisted of 92,364 newborns, of whom 56,865 (61.6%) were exclusively breastfed at discharge. Older, nonsmoking, higher-income mothers with no pregnancy complications or reproductive assistance were more likely to breastfeed. Mothers of twins were less likely to exclusively breastfeed (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25-0.36) as were women who did not attend prenatal classes (adjusted OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.76-0.83). Compared with patients of obstetricians (57%), women cared for by midwives (87%, adjusted OR 4.49, 95% CI 4.16-4.85) and family physicians (67%, adjusted OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.47-1.61) were more likely to exclusively breastfeed. Breastfeeding after a planned (50%, adjusted OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.52-0.60) or unplanned (48%, adjusted OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.44-0.51) cesarean delivery was less common than after a spontaneous vaginal birth (68%). Neonates born at 39, 38, and 37 weeks of gestation (compared with 41 weeks of gestation) were increasingly less likely to breastfeed (adjusted ORs 0.93, 95% CI 0.89-0.98; 0.84, 95% CI 0.80-0.88; and 0.71, 95% CI 0.67-0.76). CONCLUSION: This large population-based study found that fewer than two thirds of term newborns are exclusively breastfed at hospital discharge, substantially lower than previously reported. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole(cas: 92-36-4).COA of Formula: C14H12N2S

The Article related to adult, breast feeding: statistics & numerical data, female, humans, incidence, infant, newborn, male, ontario: geographic, ontario: epidemiology, patient discharge, prevalence, retrospective studies, social class and other aspects.COA of Formula: C14H12N2S

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

On December 4, 2020, Ludwig, Cassie A; Perera, Chandrashan; Myung, David; Greven, Margaret A; Smith, Stephen J; Chang, Robert T; Leng, Theodore published an article.Reference of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole The title of the article was Automatic Identification of Referral-Warranted Diabetic Retinopathy Using Deep Learning on Mobile Phone Images.. And the article contained the following:

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a deep learning algorithm in the detection of referral-warranted diabetic retinopathy (RDR) on low-resolution fundus images acquired with a smartphone and indirect ophthalmoscope lens adapter. Methods: An automated deep learning algorithm trained on 92,364 traditional fundus camera images was tested on a dataset of smartphone fundus images from 103 eyes acquired from two previously published studies. Images were extracted from live video screenshots from fundus examinations using a commercially available lens adapter and exported as a screenshot from live video clips filmed at 1080p resolution. Each image was graded twice by a board-certified ophthalmologist and compared to the output of the algorithm, which classified each image as having RDR (moderate nonproliferative DR or worse) or no RDR. Results: In spite of the presence of multiple artifacts (lens glare, lens particulates/smudging, user hands over the objective lens) and low-resolution images achieved by users of various levels of medical training, the algorithm achieved a 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83-0.95) area under the curve with an 89% sensitivity (95% CI 81%-100%) and 83% specificity (95% CI 77%-89%) for detecting RDR on mobile phone acquired fundus photos. Conclusions: The fully data-driven artificial intelligence-based grading algorithm herein can be used to screen fundus photos taken from mobile devices and identify with high reliability which cases should be referred to an ophthalmologist for further evaluation and treatment. Translational Relevance: The implementation of this algorithm on a global basis could drastically reduce the rate of vision loss attributed to DR. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole(cas: 92-36-4).Reference of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole

The Article related to artificial intelligence, deep learning, diabetic retinopathy, fundus photography, mobile technology, artificial intelligence, deep learning, diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy: diagnosis, humans, referral and consultation, reproducibility of results and other aspects.Reference of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

On April 8, 2022, Kumar, K Suresh; Suganthi, N; Muppidi, Satish; Kumar, B Santhosh published an article.Product Details of 92-36-4 The title of the article was FSPBO-DQN: SeGAN based segmentation and Fractional Student Psychology Optimization enabled Deep Q Network for skin cancer detection in IoT applications.. And the article contained the following:

Skin cancer is one of the dangerous types of cancer and the rate of death is increasing due to the lack of knowledge in prevention and the symptoms. It is a common cancer type around the world and it occurs when the skin cells are damaged. Hence, the detection of skin cancer near the beginning is important to prevent the spread of cancer and to increase the survival rate. Recently, image processing and machine learning techniques gained more interest in medical applications. However, early analysis of skin cancer images is very challenging due to factors, like variations in the color illumination, light reflections from the skin surface, and different sizes and shapes of lesions. To detect skin cancer at an early stage and to increase the survival rate, an effective skin cancer detection method is introduced in this study using the proposed Fractional Student Psychology Based Optimization-based Deep Q Network (FSPBO-based DQN) in the wireless network scenario. At first, the nodes simulated in the network area are allowed to capture the healthcare information to make the detection strategy using the proposed method. Then, the routing is performed by the proposed Fractional Student Psychology Based Optimization (FSPBO) algorithm by considering the fitness parameters, like distance, energy, trust, and delay. After the images (healthcare information) are reached the Base Station (BS), the pre-processing, segmentation, and cancer detection processes are carried out to detect the skin lesions. Initially, the image is fed to pre-processing phase, where a Type II Fuzzy System and cuckoo search optimization algorithm (T2FCS) filter is employed to remove the noise of images. Then, the pre-processed images are fed to the segmentation phase, where speech enhancement Generative Adversarial Network (SeGAN) is used to generate the segmented results. Afterward, the Deep Q Network (DQN) detects the skin cancer based on the segmented results, and the training of DQN is made using the proposed FSPBO algorithm, which is designed by integrating the Student Psychology Based Optimization (SPBO) and Fractional Calculus (FC). The proposed method is more robust and reduces computation time and complexity. Moreover, the proposed method achieved higher performance by considering the measures, namely accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with the values of 92.364%, 93.20%, and 92.63%. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole(cas: 92-36-4).Product Details of 92-36-4

The Article related to deep q network, fractional calculus, internet of things, routing, skin cancer detection, algorithms, humans, image processing, computer-assisted: methods, skin neoplasms: diagnostic imaging, speech, students and other aspects.Product Details of 92-36-4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Payaz, Deniz Uzeroglu; Kucukbay, F. Zehra; Kucukbay, Hasan; Angeli, Andrea; Supuran, Claudiu T. published an article in 2019, the title of the article was Synthesis carbonic anhydrase enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity of novel benzothiazole derivatives incorporating glycine, methionine, alanine, and phenylalanine moieties.Formula: C14H12N2S And the article contains the following content:

Thirteen novel benzothiazole derivatives incorporating glycine, methionine, alanine, and phenylalanine were synthesized by facile acylation reactions through benzotriazole or DCC mediated reactions and their structures were identified by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques and elemental anal. The carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory activity of the new compounds was assessed against four human (h) isoforms, hCA I, hCA II, hCA V, and hCA XIII. Some of the synthesized compounds showed good in vitro carbonic anhydrase inhibitory properties, with inhibition constants in the micromolar level. The new amino acid benzothiazole conjugates found to be more effective against hCA V and hCA II inhibition. In vitro antioxidant activities of the novel compounds were determined by DPPH method. Most of the synthesized compounds showed moderate to low antioxidant activities compared to the control antioxidant compounds (BHA and α-tocopherol). The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole(cas: 92-36-4).Formula: C14H12N2S

The Article related to benzothiazole amino acid synthesis antioxidant carbonic anhydrase, benzothiazole, amino acids, carbonic anhydrase, antioxidant, benzotriazole methodology, Pharmacology: Structure-Activity and other aspects.Formula: C14H12N2S

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

On January 18, 2012, Capule, Christina C.; Brown, Caitlin; Olsen, Joanna S.; Dewhurst, Stephen; Yang, Jerry published an article.Name: 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole The title of the article was Oligovalent Amyloid-Binding Agents Reduce SEVI-Mediated Enhancement of HIV-1 Infection. And the article contained the following:

This paper evaluates the use of oligovalent amyloid-binding mols. as potential agents that can reduce the enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in cells by semen-derived enhancer of virus infection (SEVI) fibrils. These naturally occurring amyloid fibrils found in semen have been implicated as mediators that can facilitate the attachment and internalization of HIV-1 virions to immune cells. Mols. that are capable of reducing the role of SEVI in HIV-1 infection may, therefore, represent a novel strategy to reduce the rate of sexual transmission of HIV-1 in humans. Here, we evaluated a set of synthetic, oligovalent derivatives of benzothiazole aniline (BTA, a known amyloid-binding mol.) for their capability to bind cooperatively to aggregated amyloid peptides and to neutralize the effects of SEVI in HIV-1 infection. We demonstrate that these BTA derivatives exhibit a general trend of increased binding to aggregated amyloids as a function of increasing valence number of the oligomer. Importantly, we find that oligomers of BTA show improved capability to reduce SEVI-mediated infection of HIV-1 in cells compared to a BTA monomer, with the pentamer exhibiting a 65-fold improvement in efficacy compared to a previously reported monomeric BTA derivative These results, thus, support the use of amyloid-targeting mols. as potential supplements for microbicides to curb the spread of HIV-1 through sexual contact. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole(cas: 92-36-4).Name: 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole

The Article related to benzothiazole aniline oligovalent derivative sevi hiv1 infection, Pharmacology: Structure-Activity and other aspects.Name: 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Rutkauskaite, Andzelika; White, Lisa J.; Hilton, Kira L. F.; Picci, Giacomo; Croucher, Lorraine; Caltagirone, Claudia; Hiscock, Jennifer R. published an article in 2022, the title of the article was Supramolecular self-associating amphiphiles: determination of molecular self-association properties and calculation of critical micelle concentration using a high-throughput, optical density based methodology.Synthetic Route of 92-36-4 And the article contains the following content:

Supramol. self-associating amphiphiles are a class of amphiphilic salt, the anionic component of which is ′frustrated′ in nature, meaning multiple hydrogen bonding modes can be accessed simultaneously. Here we derive critical micelle concentration values for four supramol. self-associating amphiphiles using the standard pendant drop approach and present a new high-throughput, optical d. measurement based methodol., to enable the estimation of critical micelle concentrations over multiple temperatures In addition, we characterize the low-level hydrogen bonded self-association events in the solid state, through single crystal X-ray diffraction, and in polar organic DMSO-d6 solutions using a combination of 1H NMR techniques. Moving into aqueous ethanol solutions (EtOH/H2O or EtOH/D2O (1 : 19 volume/volume)), we also show these amphiphilic compounds to form higher-order self-associated species through a combination of 1H NMR, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential studies. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole(cas: 92-36-4).Synthetic Route of 92-36-4

The Article related to supramol self associating amphiphile critical micelle concentration optical density, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 92-36-4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Hu, Min-Qi; Li, Heng; Lin, Ying; Zhang, Ying; Tang, Jie; Zuo, Jian-Ping; Yu, Li-Fang; Tong, Xian-Kun; Tang, Wei; Yang, Fan published an article in 2020, the title of the article was 1-Phenyl-N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)methanimine derivatives as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus inhibitors.Related Products of 92-36-4 And the article contains the following content:

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) poses a serious threat to human health, and currently there are no effective or specific therapies available to treat it. Herein a series of 1-phenyl-N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)methanimine derivatives with inhibitory activity against MERS-CoV are described. The compound 4f with a 50% inhibition concentration value of 0.09 μM is a promising inhibitor that warrants further evaluation, towards the development of potential anti-MERS-CoV drugs. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole(cas: 92-36-4).Related Products of 92-36-4

The Article related to middle east respiratory syndrome 1phenyl n benzothiazol2yl methanimine derivative, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Related Products of 92-36-4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Boles, Jessica E.; Bennett, Charlotte; Baker, Jennifer; Hilton, Kira L. F.; Kotak, Hiral A.; Clark, Ewan R.; Long, Yifan; White, Lisa J.; Lai, Hin Yuk; Hind, Charlotte K.; Sutton, J. Mark; Garrett, Michelle D.; Cheasty, Anne; Ortega-Roldan, Jose L.; Charles, Mark; Haynes, Cally J. E.; Hiscock, Jennifer R. published an article in 2022, the title of the article was Establishing the selective phospholipid membrane coordination, permeation and lysis properties for a series of ′druggable′ supramolecular self-associating antimicrobial amphiphiles.Synthetic Route of 92-36-4 And the article contains the following content:

The rise of antimicrobial resistance remains one of the greatest global health threats facing humanity. Furthermore, the development of novel antibiotics has all but ground to a halt due to a collision of intersectional pressures. Herein we determine the antimicrobial efficacy for 14 structurally related supramol. self-associating amphiphiles against clin. relevant Gram-pos. methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-neg. Escherichia coli. We establish the ability of these agents to selectively target phospholipid membranes of differing compositions, through a combination of computational host:guest complex formation simulations, synthetic vesicle lysis, adhesion and membrane fluidity experiments, alongside our novel 1H NMR CPMG nanodisc coordination assays, to verify a potential mode of action for this class of compounds and enable the production of evermore effective next-generation antimicrobial agents. Finally, we select a 7-compound subset, showing two lead compounds to exhibit ′druggable′ profiles through completion of a variety of in vivo and in vitro DMPK studies. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole(cas: 92-36-4).Synthetic Route of 92-36-4

The Article related to phospholipid druggable supramol self associating amphiphile antimicrobial, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 92-36-4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

On July 31, 2009, Kamber, Markus; Flueckiger-Isler, Sini; Engelhardt, Guenter; Jaeckh, Rudolf; Zeiger, Errol published an article.SDS of cas: 92-36-4 The title of the article was Comparison of the Ames II and traditional Ames test responses with respect to mutagenicity, strain specificities, need for metabolism and correlation with rodent carcinogenicity. And the article contained the following:

The Ames II Salmonella mutagenicity assay procedure was used to test 71 chems., and the results were compared with those from the traditional Ames Salmonella test using the NTP database as the reference All Ames II tests were performed using a fluctuation procedure in microplate format, using TAMix for the detection of base pair substitutions and TA98 to detect frameshift mutations. There was 84% agreement between the two procedures in identifying mutagens and nonmutagens, which is equivalent to the intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility of 87% for the traditional test. The two tests also performed similarly in their predictions of rodent carcinogenicity. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole(cas: 92-36-4).SDS of cas: 92-36-4

The Article related to salmonella strain ames ii mutagenicity metabolism, rodent carcinogenicity ames test predictivity mutagen, Toxicology: Methods (Including Analysis) and other aspects.SDS of cas: 92-36-4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

On February 28, 2010, Bentzien, Joerg; Hickey, Eugene R.; Kemper, Raymond A.; Brewer, Mark L.; Dyekjaer, Jane D.; East, Stephen P.; Whittaker, Mark published an article.SDS of cas: 92-36-4 The title of the article was An in Silico Method for Predicting Ames Activities of Primary Aromatic Amines by Calculating the Stabilities of Nitrenium Ions. And the article contained the following:

In this paper, the authors describe an in silico first principal approach to predict the mutagenic potential of primary aromatic amines. This approach is based on the so-called “nitrenium hypothesis”, which was developed by Ford et al. in the early 1990s. This hypothesis asserts that the mutagenic effect for this class of mols. is mediated through the transient formation of a nitrenium ion and that the stability of this cation is correlated with the mutagenic potential. Here the authors use quantum mech. calculations at different levels of theory (semiempirical AM1, ab initio HF/3-21G, HF/6-311G(d,p), and DFT/B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)) to compute the stability of nitrenium ions. When applied to a test set of 257 primary aromatic amines, the authors show that this method can correctly differentiate between Ames active and inactive compounds, and furthermore that it is able to rationalize and predict SAR trends within structurally related chem. series. For this test set, the AM1 nitrenium stability calculations are found to provide a good balance between speed and accuracy, resulting in an overall accuracy of 85%, and sensitivity and specificity of 91% and 72%, resp. The nitrenium-based predictions are also compared to the com. software packages DEREK, MULTICASE, and the MOE-Toxicophore descriptor. One advantage of the approach presented here is that the calculation of relative stabilities results in a continuous spectrum of activities and not a simple yes/no answer. This allows the authors to observe and rationalize subtle trends due to the different electrostatic properties of the organic mols. The authors’ results strongly indicate that nitrenium ion stability calculations should be used as a complementary approach to assist the medicinal chemist in prioritizing and selecting nonmutagenic primary aromatic amines during preclin. drug discovery programs. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole(cas: 92-36-4).SDS of cas: 92-36-4

The Article related to aromatic amine mutagenicity prediction modeling, Toxicology: Methods (Including Analysis) and other aspects.SDS of cas: 92-36-4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica