Category: 96-53-7

Ho, Duy-Khiet; LeGuyader, Clare; Srinivasan, Selvi; Roy, Debashish; Vlaskin, Vladimir; Chavas, Thomas E. J.; Lopez, Ciana L.; Snyder, Jessica M.; Postma, Almar; Chiefari, John; Stayton, Patrick S. published the artcile< Fully synthetic injectable depots with high drug content and tunable pharmacokinetics for long-acting drug delivery>, Name: 4,5-Dihydrothiazole-2-thiol, the main research area is pharmacokinetics drug delivery hydroxybenzyloxycarbonyl ethyloxycarbonyl methacrylate polymer; Drug delivery; HIV; Infectious disease; Long-acting depot; Polymer; Pre-exposure prophylaxis; RAFT; TAF.

Clin. studies have validated that antiretroviral (ARV) drugs can serve as an HIV pre-exposure prophylactic (PrEP) strategy. Dosing adherence remains a crucial factor determining the final efficacy outcomes, and both long-acting implants and injectable depot systems are being developed to improve patient adherence. Here, we describe an injectable depot platform that exploits a new mechanism for both formation and controlled release. The depot is a polymeric prodrug synthesized from monomers that incorporate an ARV drug tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) with degradable linkers that can be designed to control release rates. The prodrug monomers are synthetically incorporated into homopolymer or block designs that exhibit high drug weight percent (wt%) and also are hydrophobized in these prodrug segments to drive depot formation upon injection. Drug release converts those monomers to more hydrophilic pendant groups via linker cleavage, and as this drug release proceeds, the polymer chains losing hydrophobicity are then disassocd. from the depot and released over time to provide a depot dissolution mechanism. We show that long-acting TAF depots can be designed as block copolymers or as homopolymers. They can also be designed with different linkers, for example with faster or slower degrading p-hydroxybenzyloxycarbonyl (Benzyl) and ethyloxycarbonyl (Alkyl) linkers, resp. Diblock designs of p(glycerol monomethacrylate)-b-p(Alkyl-TAF-methacrylate) and p(glycerol monomethacrylate)-b-p(Benzyl-TAF-methacrylate) were first characterized in a mouse s.c. injection model. The alkylcarbamate linker design (TAF 51 wt%) showed excellent sustained release profiles of the key metabolite tenofovir (TFV) in skin and plasma over a 50-day period. Next, the homopolymer design with a high TAF drug wt% of 73% was characterized in the same model. The homopolymer depots with p(Alkyl-TAFMA) exhibited sustained TFV and TAF release profiles in skin and blood over 60 days, and TFV-DP concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were found to be at least 10-fold higher than the clin. suggested minimally EC90 protective concentration of 24 fmol/106 cells. These are the first reports of sustained parent TAF dosing observed in mouse and TFV-DP in mouse PBMC. IVIS imaging of rhodamine labeled homopolymer depots showed that degradation and release of the depot coincided with the sustained TAF release. Finally, these polymers showed excellent stability in accelerated stability studies over a six-month time period, and exceptional solubility of over 700 mg/mL in the DMSO formulation solvent. The homopolymer designs have a drug reservoir potential of well over a year at mg/day dosing and may not require cold chain storage for global health and developed world long-acting drug delivery applications.

Journal of Controlled Release published new progress about Chain transfer agents. 96-53-7 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C3H5NS2, Name: 4,5-Dihydrothiazole-2-thiol.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Telegina, Lyudmila N.; Kelbysheva, Elena S.; Strelkova, Tatyana V.; Ezernitskaya, Mariam G.; Smol’yakov, Alexander F.; Borisov, Yurii A.; Loim, Nikolay M. published the artcile< Synthesis and Photochemical Study of Thiazolidine Derivatives of Cymantrene and the Corresponding Dicarbonyl Chelates>, Application of C3H5NS2, the main research area is cymantrenylmethylthio thiazole preparation reaction; thiazolidinethione cymantrenylmethylthio preparation reaction; chelated cymantrenylmethylthio thiazolidine preparation crystal mol structure; photochem thiazolidine derivative cymantrene dicarbonyl chelate.

Isomeric 4,5-dihydro-2-[(cymantrenylmethyl)thio]thiazole (1) and 3-(cymantrenylmethyl)-1,3-thioazolidine-2-thione (2) were synthesized and photochem. behavior and spectral characteristics of tricarbonyl and dicarbonyl complexes were studied. Irradiation of compounds 1 and 2 results in the formation of stable chelates due to coordination of manganese to the donor nitrogen and sulfur atoms of the thiazolidine substituent. Photolysis is accompanied with a color change and the corresponding changes in the UV/Vis spectra depending on the solvent used. In the presence of CO, the dicarbonyl chelates enter the dark reaction to give the parent tricarbonyl complexes thus forming intermol. photochromic systems. Photolysis of the dicarbonyl chelate 5 gives the isomeric chelate 6, which in the course of the dark isomerization transforms into complex 5. Chelates 5 and 6 form an intramol. photochromic pair.

ChemistrySelect published new progress about Chelates Role: PEP (Physical, Engineering or Chemical Process), PRP (Properties), RCT (Reactant), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), PROC (Process), RACT (Reactant or Reagent), PREP (Preparation). 96-53-7 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C3H5NS2, Application of C3H5NS2.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Siegel, David J.; Anderson, Grace I.; Paul, Lauren M.; Seibert, Philipp J.; Hillesheim, Patrick C.; Sheng, Yinghong; Zeller, Matthias; Taubert, Andreas; Werner, Peter; Balischewski, Christian; Michael, Scott F.; Mirjafari, Arsalan published the artcile< Design Principles of Lipid-like Ionic Liquids for Gene Delivery>, Recommanded Product: 4,5-Dihydrothiazole-2-thiol, the main research area is ionic liquid gene delivery amphiphile lipid; DNA delivery; biomaterials; cationic lipids; gene therapy; ionic liquids; lipid-like materials; nonviral vectors.

We developed lipid-like ionic liquids, containing 2-mercaptoimidazolium and 2-mercaptothiazolinium headgroups tethered to two long saturated alkyl chains, as carriers for in vitro delivery of plasmid HEK DNA into 293T cells. We employed a combination of modular design, synthesis, X-ray anal., and computational modeling to rationalize the self-assembly and desired physicochem. and biol. properties. The results suggest that thioamide-derived ionic liquids may serve as a modular platform for lipid-mediated gene delivery. This work represents a step toward understanding the structure-function relationships of these amphiphiles with long-range ordering and offering insight into design principles for synthetic vectors based on self-assembly behavior.

ACS Applied Bio Materials published new progress about Amphiphiles. 96-53-7 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C3H5NS2, Recommanded Product: 4,5-Dihydrothiazole-2-thiol.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Zhao, Mengzhen; Xiang, Yao; Jiao, Xuping; Cao, Bo; Tang, Shoufeng; Zheng, Ziye; Zhang, Xiaoyu; Jiao, Tifeng; Yuan, Deling published the artcile< MoS2 co-catalysis promoted CaO2 Fenton-like process: Performance and mechanism>, Application of C3H5NS2, the main research area is rhodamine molybdenum sulfide catalyst calcium peroxide Fenton reaction.

Fenton reaction is widely applied to treat organic contaminant through hydroxyl radicals (HO·), which is formed from the catalytic reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Fe2+. Nevertheless, its well application for actual wastewater has been confined by the narrow range of pH, disproportionation of H2O2 and inefficiency of Fe2+/Fe3+ circulation. To overcome these shortcomings, an improved Fenton-like method applying calcium peroxide (CaO2) as the substitution of H2O2 and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as the co-catalyst was proposed. The results indicated the efficient rhodamine B (RhB) removal (98.6%) was achieved under the conditions of 1 mmol L-1 CaO2, 0.5 mmol L-1 Fe2+, 0.3 g L-1 MoS2, and initial pH 5.85 within 5 min, and this system could well degrade other dyes, antibiotic, and phenol. The MoS2 addition could promote the Fe2+/Fe3+ conversion and H2O2 disintegration. The radical masking tests and ESR demonstrated that the HO· was the main active substances during this process. The decomposition intermediates of RhB were identified through the mass spectra anal., and their ecotoxicities were assessed by the toxicity estimation software. Finally, this process also presented a favorable performance for the real wastewater treatment, which is a potential route to promote the development of Fenton method.

Separation and Purification Technology published new progress about Bioaccumulation. 96-53-7 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C3H5NS2, Application of C3H5NS2.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Ribeiro, Gabriel H.; Guedes, Adriana P. M.; de Oliveira, Tamires D.; de Correia, Camila R. S. T. b.; Colina-Vegas, Legna; Lima, Mauro A.; Nobrega, Joaquim A.; Cominetti, Marcia R.; Rocha, Fillipe V.; Ferreira, Antonio G.; Castellano, Eduardo E.; Teixeira, Felipe R.; Batista, Alzir A. published the artcile< Ruthenium(II) Phosphine/Mercapto Complexes: Their in Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation and Actions as Inhibitors of Topoisomerase and Proteasome Acting as Possible Triggers of Cell Death Induction>, Application In Synthesis of 96-53-7, the main research area is preparation ruthenium diphenylphosphinobutane phosphine diphenylpyridylphosphine thiazolinethiol complex; crystal structure ruthenium diphenylphosphinobutane phosphine diphenylpyridylphosphine thiazolinethiol complex; HSA interaction ruthenium diphenylphosphinobutane phosphine diphenylpyridylphosphine thiazolinethiol complex; cyclic voltammetry ruthenium diphenylphosphinobutane phosphine diphenylpyridylphosphine thiazolinethiol complex; DNA interaction ruthenium diphenylphosphinobutane phosphine diphenylpyridylphosphine thiazolinethiol complex; anticancer activity ruthenium diphenylphosphinobutane phosphine diphenylpyridylphosphine thiazolinethiol complex.

A series of new ruthenium complexes of the general formula [Ru(NS)(dpphpy)(dppb)]PF6 (Ru1-Ru3), where dpphpy = diphenyl-2-pyridylphosphine, NS ligands = 2-thiazoline-2-thiol (tzdt, Ru1, 1), 2-mercaptopyrimidine (pySm, Ru2, 2), and 4,6-diamino-2-mercaptopyrimidine (damp, Ru3, 3), and dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, were synthesized and characterized by elemental anal., spectroscopic techniques (IR, UV/visible, and 1D and 2D NMR), and x-ray diffraction. In the characterization, the correlation between the phosphorus atoms and their resp. aromatic hydrogen atoms of the compounds in the assignment stands outs, by 1H-31P HMBC experiments The compounds show anticancer activities against A549 (lung) and MDA-MB-231 (breast) cancer cell lines, higher than the clin. drug cisplatin. All of the complexes are more cytotoxic against the cancer cell lines than against the MRC-5 (lung) and MCF-10 Å (breast) nontumorigenic human cell lines. For A549 tumor cells, cell cycle anal. upon treatment with Ru2 showed that it inhibits the mitotic phase because arrest was observed in the Sub-G1 phase. Addnl., the compound induces cell death by an apoptotic pathway in a dose-dependent manner, according to annexin V-PE assay. The multitargeted character of the compounds was studied, and the biomols. were DNA, topoisomerase IB, and proteasome, as well as the fundamental biomol. in the pharmacokinetics of drugs, human serum albumin. The complexes do not target DNA in the cells. At low concentrations, the compounds showed the ability to partially inhibit the catalytic activity of topoisomerase IB in the process of relaxation of the DNA plasmid. Among the complexes assayed in cultured cells, complex Ru3 was able to diminish the proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity to a greater extent. New ruthenium phosphine complexes show anticancer activities against A549 (lung) and MDA-MB-231 (breast) cancer cell lines, higher than the clin. drug cisplatin. For A549 tumor cells, cell cycle anal. upon treatment with Ru2 showed that it inhibits the mitotic phase because arrest was observed in the Sub-G1 phase and induces cell death by an apoptotic pathway. The multitargeted character of the compounds was studied with the biomols. DNA, topoisomerase IB, and proteasome.

Inorganic Chemistry published new progress about Antitumor agents. 96-53-7 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C3H5NS2, Application In Synthesis of 96-53-7.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Wei, Yuan; Lang, Xiaolong; Hore, Michael J. A. published the artcile< A correspondence between the Flory-Rehner theory for microgels and the Daoud-Cotton model for polymer-grafted nanoparticles>, Synthetic Route of 96-53-7, the main research area is Flory Rehner microgel Daoud Cotton model polymer grafted nanoparticle.

Poly(N-iso-Pr acrylamide) (PNIPAM) is a commonly investigated thermoresponsive polymer that exhibits a number of interesting phys. behaviors. Here, we use small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements to determine the conformation of PNIPAM in two regions of the chain when it is grafted at moderate grafting densities to the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles (rNP ≈ 10 nm). At these grafting densities, polymer chains may adopt two primary conformations, depending on the specific value of the second virial coefficient, the mol. weight of the chains, and other properties. The nanoparticles are studied in D2O and ethanol-d6 to ascertain the effect of solvent quality on the chain conformation in both the inner and outer regions of the brush. The SANS measurements are interpreted using a modified Daoud-Cotton model that connects the Flory-Rehner theory of microgel thermodn. to the structure of polymer-grafted nanoparticles. (c) 2020 American Institute of Physics.

Journal of Applied Physics (Melville, NY, United States) published new progress about Hydrodynamic radius. 96-53-7 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C3H5NS2, Synthetic Route of 96-53-7.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Diop, Aboubacar; Diop, Tidiane; Kama, Antoine Blaise; Diop, Cheikh Abdou Khadre; Tumanov, Nikolay published the artcile< Catena-Poly[[chloridotris(1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione-κS)cadmium(II)]-μ-chlorido]>, Safety of 4,5-Dihydrothiazole-2-thiol, the main research area is catena polychloridotris thiazolidine thione cadmium chlorido crystal structure.

The synthesis and characterization of poly[dichloridotri(1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione)cadmium(II)], [CdCl2(C3H5NS2)3]n, prepared from CdCl2·H2O and C3H5NS2 (tzdSH) in a 1:3 ratio, are described. The CdII cation is coordinated by three 1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione mols. and three Cl- anions in a distorted octahedral environment. The Cd metal centers are connected via Cl- ligands, creating polymeric chains running along the a-axis direction. The conformation of the chains is stabilized by N-H···Cl hydrogen bonds.

IUCrData published new progress about Asymmetry. 96-53-7 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C3H5NS2, Safety of 4,5-Dihydrothiazole-2-thiol.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Ostrovskii, Vladimir S.; Beletskaya, Irina P.; Titanyuk, Igor D. published the artcile< Trifluoroacetaldehyde N-Tosylhydrazone as a Precursor of Trifluorodiazoethane in Reactions of Insertion into the Heteroatom-Hydrogen Bond>, Synthetic Route of 96-53-7, the main research area is trifluoroacetaldehyde tosylhydrazone trifluorodiazoethane insertion reaction copper catalyst.

Trifluorodiazoethane is a widely explored trifluoroethylating reagent, which is suitable for the preparation of a large number of fluorine-containing organic mols. Nevertheless, CF3CHN2 has some disadvantages, such as volatility, storage instability, toxicity, and explosiveness. Herein, the application of trifluoroacetaldehyde N-tosylhydrazone as a CF3CHN2 precursor capable of generating in situ trifluorodiazoethane under mild basic conditions is reported. Copper-catalyzed P-H, O-H, S-H, and C-H insertion reactions of trifluoroacetaldehyde N-tosylhydrazone revealed its wide applicability in the synthesis of trifluoroethyl-containing substances.

Organic Letters published new progress about Carboxylic acids Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 96-53-7 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C3H5NS2, Synthetic Route of 96-53-7.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Abbas, Zaid M.; Tawfilas, Massimo; Khani, Mohammed M.; Golian, Karl; Marsh, Zachary M.; Jhalaria, Mayank; Simonutti, Roberto; Stefik, Morgan; Kumar, Sanat K.; Benicewicz, Brian C. published the artcile< Reinforcement of polychloroprene by grafted silica nanoparticles>, Product Details of C3H5NS2, the main research area is reinforcement polychloroprene grafted silica nanoparticle.

Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of chloroprene on the surface of silica nanoparticles was performed to obtain polychloroprene-grafted-silica nanoparticles (PCP-g-SiO2 NPs). These particles were dispersed in a com. polychloroprene matrix to obtain PCP nanocomposites with different silica core loadings (1, 5, 10, and 25 wt%). Two different chain graft densities were studied (“”low,”” 0.022 ch/nm2 and “”high,”” 0.21 ch/nm2) as a function of the grafted polymer mol. mass. The cured samples showed significant improvement in the mech. properties of the PCP rubber nanocomposites as compared to the unfilled PCP as measured by standard tensile and dynamic mech. anal. even with low silica content. The mech. properties of the nanocomposites were notably enhanced when the graft d. was low and grafted mol. masses were high. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) were used to analyze the dispersion states of the grafted nanoparticles which confirmed the correlation between high grafted chain lengths and improved dispersion states and mech. properties.

Polymer published new progress about Crosslink density. 96-53-7 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C3H5NS2, Product Details of C3H5NS2.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Wang, Mu-Xuan; Qin, Hong-Wei; Liu, Chao; Lv, Shen-Ming; Chen, Jia-Shu; Wang, Chun-Gu; Chen, Ying-Ying; Wang, Jia-Wei; Sun, Jin-Yue; Liao, Zhi-Xin published the artcile< Synthesis and biological evaluation of thiazolidine-2-thione derivatives as novel xanthine oxidase inhibitors>, Synthetic Route of 96-53-7, the main research area is thiazolidine thione preparation xanthine oxidase inhibitor SAR mol modeling.

In this study, a series of novel thiazolidine-2-thione derivatives I (R1 = Et, Pr, Ph, benzyl) and II (R2 = Et, 3-pyridyl, cyclohexyl, etc.) were synthesized as XO inhibitors, and the XO inhibitory potencies of obtained compounds I and II was evaluated by in vitro enzyme catalysis. The result shown that compound II [R2 = (4-fluorobenzene)sulfonyl] behaved the strongest XO inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 3.56μmol/L, which was approx. 2.5-fold more potent than allopurinol. The structure-activity relationship revealed that the phenyl-sulfonamide group was indispensable for thiazolidine-2-thione derivatives II [R2 = (4-fluorobenzene)sulfonyl] to produce XO inhibitory activity. The enzyme inhibition kinetics analyses confirmed that compound II [R2 = (4-fluorobenzene)sulfonyl] exerted a mixed-type XO inhibition. Addnl., the mol. docking results suggested that the 4-fluorophenyl-sulfonyl moiety could interact with Gly260 and Ile264 in the innermost part of the active pocket through 2 hydrogen bonds, while the thiazolidinethione moiety could form two hydrogen bonds with Glu263 and Ser347 in hydrophobic pockets. In summary, the results described above suggested that compound II [R2 = (4-fluorobenzene)sulfonyl] could be a valuable lead compound for the treatment of hyperuricemia as a novel XO inhibitor.

PLoS One published new progress about Amines Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 96-53-7 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C3H5NS2, Synthetic Route of 96-53-7.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica