Category: thiazole

SDS of cas: 55981-09-4《Nitazoxanide and related thiazolides induce cell death in cancer cells by targeting the 20S proteasome with novel binding modes》 was published in 2022. The authors were Lu, Zirui;Li, Xiaona;Li, Kebin;Ripani, Paola;Shi, Xiaomeng;Xu, Fengrong;Wang, Mopei;Zhang, Liangren;Brunner, Thomas;Xu, Ping;Niu, Yan, and the article was included in《Biochemical Pharmacology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Nitazoxanide and related thiazolides are a novel class of anti-infectious agents against protozoan parasites, bacteria and viruses. In recent years, it is demonstrated that thiazolides can also induce cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. Due to their fast proliferating nature, cancer cells highly depend on the proteasome system to remove aberrant proteins. Many of these aberrant proteins are regulators of cell cycle progression and apoptosis, such as the cyclins, BCL2 family members and nuclear factor of κB (NF-κB). Here, we demonstrate at both mol. and cellular levels that the 20S proteasome is a direct target of NTZ and related thiazolides. By concurrently inhibiting the multiple catalytic subunits of 20S proteasome, NTZ promotes cell cycle arrest and triggers cell death in colon cancer cells, either directly or as a sensitizer to other anti-tumor agents, especially doxorubicin. We further show that the binding mode of NTZ in the β5 subunit of the 20S proteasome is different from that of bortezomib and other existing proteasome inhibitors. These findings provide new insights in the design of novel small mol. proteasome inhibitors as anti-tumor agents suitable for solid tumor treatment in an oral dosing form.2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), an anthelmintic agent, exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans.SDS of cas: 55981-09-4

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Jaladanki, Chaitanya K.;Khatun, Samima;Gohlke, Holger;Bharatam, Prasad V. published 《Reactive Metabolites from Thiazole-Containing Drugs: Quantum Chemical Insights into Biotransformation and Toxicity》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《Chemical Research in Toxicology》. They have made some progress in their research.Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate The article mentions the following:

Drugs containing thiazole and aminothiazole groups are known to generate reactive metabolites (RMs) catalyzed by cytochrome P450s (CYPs). These RMs can covalently modify essential cellular macromols. and lead to toxicity and induce idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions. Mol. docking and quantum chem. hybrid DFT study were carried out to explore the mol. mechanisms involved in the biotransformation of thiazole (TZ) and aminothiazole (ATZ) groups leading to RM epoxide, S-oxide, N-oxide, and oxaziridine. The energy barrier required for the epoxidation is 13.63 kcal/mol, that is lower than that of S-oxidation, N-oxidation, and oxaziridine formation (14.56, 17.90, and 20.20, kcal/mol resp.). The presence of the amino group in ATZ further facilitates all the metabolic pathways, for example, the barrier for the epoxidation reaction is reduced by ~2.5 kcal/mol. Some of the RMs/their isomers are highly electrophilic and tend to form covalent bonds with nucleophilic amino acids, finally leading to the formation of metabolic intermediate complexes (MICs). The energy profiles of these competitive pathways have also been explored. And 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) was used in the research process.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been approved as an orphan drug for the treatment of diarrhea in children (age, 1–11 years) and is associated with giardiasis, but it also is approved for diarrhea caused by crytosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Pisal, Pooja;Deodhar, Meenakshi;Kale, Amol;Nigade, Ganesh;Pawar, Smita published 《Design, synthesis, docking studies and biological evaluation of 2-phenyl-3-(substituted benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)-quinazoline-4(3H)-one derivatives as antimicrobial agents》. The research results were published in《International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences》 in 2018.COA of Formula: C7H5N3O2S The article conveys some information:

A new series 2-phenyl-3-(substituted benzo[d] thiazol-2-ylamino)-quinazoline-4(3H)-ones, compounds I [R = H, Cl, MeO, etc.] was prepared by the fusion method by reacting 2-Ph benzoxazine with 2-hydrazinobenzothiazole and it was evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Gram pos., Gram neg. bacteria and fungi. These compounds were evaluated by in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity using the min. inhibitory concentration and zone of inhibition methods. The synthesized compounds were characterized with the help of IR, NMR and mass spectral studies. The benzothiazole moiety and the quinazoline ring have previously shown DNA gyrase inhibition and target related antibacterial activity. Thus, mol. docking studies of synthesized compounds were carried out (PDB: 3G75) to study the possible interaction of compounds with the target. The batch grid docking was performed to determine the probable. These compounds showed significant activity against gram pos. and gram neg. bacteria as well against the fungi. Compound I [R = NO₂] was found to be active against B. subtilis, P aeruginosa and C. albicans at 12.5 μg/mL MIC. Compound I [R = Cl] was found to be active against all microbial strains selected at 25 and 12.5 μg/mL MIC. Though the relationship between the activities shown by these compounds in, the antimicrobial study is still to be established, the docking studies conducted found to be consistent with antimicrobial results. Thus the results indicate that the designed structure can be a potential lead as an antimicrobial agent. And 6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 6285-57-0) was used in the research process.

6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine(cas:6285-57-0 COA of Formula: C7H5N3O2S) is an antimicrobial agent that inhibits bacterial growth by cleaving the peptide bonds of proteins. It has been shown to be active against a number of microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi.

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Goel, Vasudha;Jain, Anubhav;Sharma, Garima;Jhajharia, Ashok;Agarwal, Vishnu Kumar;Ashdhir, Prachis;Pokharna, Rupesh;Chauhan, Virender published 《Evaluating the efficacy of nitazoxanide in uncomplicated amebic liver abscess.》. The research results were published in《Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology》 in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 55981-09-4 The article conveys some information:

BACKGROUND: Amebic liver abscess is treated successfully with metronidazole or another nitroimidazole drug followed by a luminal amebicide. Metronidazole has long been preferred, but has been associated with several adverse effects including intolerance in certain clinical situations. Mechanisms of metronidazole resistance and mutagenic potential have been described. Effects of the use of drug in pregnant women and infants of lactating women are unknown. Nitazoxanide was proven to be efficacious in treating invasive intestinal amebiasis. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide as compared to metronidazole in patients with uncomplicated amebic liver abscess. METHODS: Patients with clinical and ultrasonography features suggestive of liver abscess, positive amebic serology, and/or anchovy sauce appearance on aspiration of the pus were included in the study and randomized into two parallel treatment groups. Group M received metronidazole, 2-2.5 g/day intravenous (IV), for inpatients, or 2-2.4 g/day oral, for outpatients in three divided doses for 14 days. Group N received nitazoxanide 500 mg BD per oral for 10 days. RESULTS: A total of sixty subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria were randomized equally into two groups, group M and group N. Number of patients achieving symptomatic clinical response (SCR) was similar in the two groups (80% vs. 76.7%, p = 1.00), though time to achieve symptomatic clinical response was significantly lower in metronidazole group as compared to that in nitazoxanide group. Greater proportion of patients achieved early clinical response (ECR) in metronidazole group as compared to nitazoxanide group. Complete resolution of abscess, at 6 months, was noted in 18 (60%) patients in the M group and 22 (73.3%) patients in the N group (p = 0.273). Metronidazole was associated with significantly greater frequency of adverse effects than nitazoxanide. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows equivalent efficacy of nitazoxanide in uncomplicated amebic liver abscess as compared to metronidazole, with better tolerability and advantage of simultaneous luminal clearance, thus reducing chances of recurrence. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CTRI/2019/01/017249. To complete the study, the researchers used 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.HPLC of Formula: 55981-09-4

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Name: 6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amineIn 2022, Sheetal;Sengupta, Sirsendu;Singh, Manjeet;Thakur, Sanjeeve;Pani, Balaram;Banerjee, Priyabrata;Kaya, Savas;Singh, Ashish Kumar published 《An insight about the interaction of Aryl Benzothiazoles with mild steel surface in aqueous HCl solution》. 《Journal of Molecular Liquids》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

The arrival of organic moieties as corrosion inhibitors has expanded the research in the past few years which, as a result; involved different heteroatoms to be tested for their anti-corrosive potential. The presented research is focused on the synthesis of the aryl-substituted benzothiazoles namely 6-(4-Chlorophenyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (CBTA), 6-(p-tolyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (TBTA), and 6-(4-methoxyphenyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (MBTA), and investigation of their anti-corrosive behavior on mild steel in 1 M HCl particularly. Here, gravimetric and electrochem. analyses have been employed to examine the tendency of benzothiazoles to safeguard mild steel. Corrosion impeding efficacies were found to follow a significant order; MBTA > TBTA > CBTA. Further, exptl. anal. unveiled the effect of substituents on corrosion mitigating potential i.e., MBTA employed the ligation of methoxy group; an enhanced electron cloud thus providing a maximum shield. The addition of corrosion inhibitors in acidic solution brought an elevation in activation energy thus retarded the rate of corrosion. Surface anal. via at. force microscopy (AFM) and XPS confirmed the exptl. results and attributed the presence of an adsorbed layer over mild steel surface thus providing protection from corrosion. Addnl., Quantum calculations such as d. functional theory (DFT) and mol. dynamics (MD) provided an insight into the adsorption of inhibitors over mild steel at a mol. level. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 6285-57-0) .

6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine(cas:6285-57-0 Name: 6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine) inhibits the activity of amines, which are small molecules found in many pharmaceuticals. The chemical structure of this drug contains one or more methylene groups that can be activated by diazonium salt to form an intermediate molecule with a reactive amine group.

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Application In Synthesis of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate《Current pharmacotherapy of cryptosporidiosis: an update of the state-of-the-art》 was published in 2021. The authors were Schneider, Anne;Wendt, Sebastian;Luebbert, Christoph;Trawinski, Henning, and the article was included in《Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Cryptosporidiosis has emerged as a major cause of diarrheal disease worldwide. It has especially serious health consequences for young, malnourished children living in endemic areas and for individuals with highly impaired T-cell function, such as HIV-pos. individuals with low CD4 counts or immunosuppressed solid-organ transplant recipients. A selective literature search using PubMed was performed to review the available therapeutics to treat cryptosporidiosis, as well as related advances in drug development. The only FDA-approved antiparasitic treatment in immunocompetent patients is nitazoxanide; however, it has failed to demonstrate convincing effectiveness among HIV-pos. patients, immunosuppressed individuals and malnourished children. Thus, restoring HIV-pos. patients’ cellular immune response through effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), or reducing or changing immunosuppressive drugs, is important. Several new targets have been identified for chemotherapy, and the development of drugs for these targets has progressed, including parasite kinases, nucleic acid synthesis and processing, proteases and lipid metabolism Candidate drugs that have been shown to be effective and safe in a neonatal calf model will most likely constitute the next advance for clin. trials in humans. However, developing an effective and inexpensive vaccination, as well as complementing structural preventive measures, would most decisively reduce the global cryptosporidiosis burden. And 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) was used in the research process.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been approved as an orphan drug for the treatment of diarrhea in children (age, 1–11 years) and is associated with giardiasis, but it also is approved for diarrhea caused by crytosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.Application In Synthesis of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Wu, Yue;Guo, Peng;Chen, Long;Duan, Weijie;Yang, Zengzhuan;Wang, Tao;Chen, Ting;Xiong, Fei published 《Iron-catalyzed tandem oxidative coupling and acetal hydrolysis reaction to prepare formylated benzothiazoles and isoquinolines》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom)》. They have made some progress in their research.Recommanded Product: 6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine The article mentions the following:

The direct formylation of benzothiazoles and isoquinolines was reported. The reaction features a novel iron-catalyzed Minisci-type oxidative coupling process using com. available 1,3-dioxolane as a formylated reagent followed by acetal hydrolysis without a separation process. The reaction was performed under exceedingly mild reaction conditions and exhibited broad functional group tolerance. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 6285-57-0) .

6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine(cas:6285-57-0Recommanded Product: 6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine) has been shown to lower blood pressure in mice by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme and potassium channels. This drug also has a protective effect on the heart and brain from ischemia reperfusion injury.

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Reference of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate《Therapeutic Potential of Nitazoxanide: An Appropriate Choice for Repurposing versus SARS-CoV-2?》 was published in 2021. The authors were Stachulski, Andrew V.;Taujanskas, Joshua;Pate, Sophie L.;Rajoli, Rajith K. R.;Aljayyoussi, Ghaith;Pennington, Shaun H.;Ward, Stephen A.;Hong, Weiqian David;Biagini, Giancarlo A.;Owen, Andrew;Nixon, Gemma L.;Leung, Suet C.;O’Neill, Paul M., and the article was included in《ACS Infectious Diseases》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

A review. The rapidly growing COVID-19 pandemic is the most serious global health crisis since the Spanish flu of 1918. There is currently no proven effective drug treatment or prophylaxis for this coronavirus infection. While developing safe and effective vaccines is 1 of the key focuses, a number of existing antiviral drugs are being evaluated for their potency and efficiency against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in the clinic. We review the significant potential of nitazoxanide (NTZ) as an antiviral agent that can be repurposed as a treatment for COVID-19. Originally, NTZ was developed as an antiparasitic agent especially against Cryptosporidium spp.; it was later shown to possess potent activity against a broad range of both RNA and DNA viruses, including influenza A, hepatitis B and C, and coronaviruses. Recent in vitro assessment of NTZ has confirmed its promising activity against SARS-CoV-2 with an EC₅₀ of 2.12μM. We examine its drug properties, antiviral activity against different viruses, clin. trials outcomes, and mechanisms of antiviral action from the literature to highlight the therapeutic potential for the treatment of COVID-19. Furthermore, in preliminary PK/PD analyses using clin. data reported in the literature, comparison of simulated TIZ (active metabolite of NTZ) exposures at 2 doses with the in vitro potency of NTZ against SARS-CoV-2 gives further support for drug repurposing with potential in combination chemotherapy approaches. The review concludes with details of 2nd generation thiazolides under development that could lead to improved antiviral therapies for future indications.2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been approved as an orphan drug for the treatment of diarrhea in children (age, 1–11 years) and is associated with giardiasis, but it also is approved for diarrhea caused by crytosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.Reference of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Today I want to share an article with you. The article is 《Thiazole-based SARS-CoV-2 protease (COV M^pro) inhibitors: Design, synthesis, enzyme inhibition, and molecular modeling simulations》,you can find this article in 《Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim, Germany)》. The following contents are mentioned:

As an attempt to contribute to the efforts of combating the pandemic virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for COVID-19, new analogs of the repurposed drug nitazoxanide which showed promising inhibitory efficacy on a viral protease enzyme were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity on the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, using the COV2-3CL protease inhibition assay. The obtained results showed that the N-(substituted-thiazol-2-yl)cinnamamide analogs 19, 20, and 21 were the most active compounds with IC₅₀ values of 22.61, 14.7, 21.99 μM, resp., against the viral protease compared to the reference drugs, nitazoxanide, and lopinavir. Mol. modeling studies showed binding interactions of 19, 20, and 21 with hydrogen bonds to Gln189 and Glu166, arene-arene interaction between the thiazole moiety and His41, and other hydrophobic interactions between the ethene spacer moiety and Asn142. Moreover, an extra arene-arene interaction between substituted benzo[d]thiazole and His41 was observed regarding compounds 19 and 21. Surface mapping and flexible alignment proved the structural similarity between the new drug candidates and nitazoxanide. Compliance of the new compounds to Lipinski′s rule of five was investigated and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicol. data were predicted. The newly synthesized compounds are promising template ligands for further development and optimization. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), an anthelmintic agent, exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans.HPLC of Formula: 55981-09-4

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Sahu, Pramod K.;Sahu, Praveen K.;Kaurav, Manvendra S.;Messali, Mouslim;Almutairi, Saud M.;Sahu, Puran L.;Agarwal, Dau D. published 《Metal-Free Construction of Fused Pyrimidines via Consecutive C-C and C-N Bond Formation in Water》 in 2018. The article was appeared in 《ACS Omega》. They have made some progress in their research.Synthetic Route of C7H5N3O2S The article mentions the following:

A facile and efficient protocol has been developed for mild construction of fused pyrimidines I (R = Ph, 4-ClC₆H₄, 2-MeC₆H₄, etc.) via L-proline catalyzed reaction of 4-hydroxy coumarins, aldehydes and 2-aminobenzothiazoles/urea. Reaction has been carried out rapidly and efficiently in water under mild and metal free conditions. Current etiquette has efficiently synthesized the heterocycles and avoids the use of hazardous solvents over conventional organic solvents. A plausible reaction mechanism has established in this study. This study represents the first case in which L-proline as homogeneous catalyst has been explored in synthesis of fused pyrimidines in water in view of simple procedure and acceptable efficiency. This method gives the target product in excellent yield with ease of workup. And 6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 6285-57-0) was used in the research process.

6-Nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine(cas:6285-57-0 Synthetic Route of C7H5N3O2S) is an antimicrobial agent that inhibits bacterial growth by cleaving the peptide bonds of proteins. It has been shown to be active against a number of microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi.

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica