Heterocyclic Building Blocks-Thiazole

Covello, Mario; De Simone, Francesco; Dini, Antonio published an article in 1968, the title of the article was New iodinated organic compounds. (Iodophenyl)thiazoles.Application In Synthesis of 2-Amino-4-(4-iodophenyl)thiazole And the article contains the following content:

Iodinated ketones were converted to their α-Br derivatives, condensed with H2NCSNH2 in refluxing Me2CO, and neutralized with NH4OH to 2-aminothiazoles (I) (Ar and R given): p-IC6H4, H; p-IC6H4, Me; 2,,5-MeOIC6H3, H; 2,3,5-MeOI2C6H2, H; 4,3,5-HOI2C6H2, H; 4,3,5-MeOI2C6H2, H; 4,3,5-HOI2C6H2, Me; and 4,3,5-MeOI2C6H2, Me. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-Amino-4-(4-iodophenyl)thiazole(cas: 31699-14-6).Application In Synthesis of 2-Amino-4-(4-iodophenyl)thiazole

2-Amino-4-(4-iodophenyl)thiazole(cas:31699-14-6) belongs to thiazole. Thiazole rings are planar and aromatic. Thiazoles are characterized by larger pi-electron delocalization than the corresponding oxazoles and have therefore greater aromaticity. Application In Synthesis of 2-Amino-4-(4-iodophenyl)thiazole

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

On April 8, 2022, Kumar, K Suresh; Suganthi, N; Muppidi, Satish; Kumar, B Santhosh published an article.Product Details of 92-36-4 The title of the article was FSPBO-DQN: SeGAN based segmentation and Fractional Student Psychology Optimization enabled Deep Q Network for skin cancer detection in IoT applications.. And the article contained the following:

Skin cancer is one of the dangerous types of cancer and the rate of death is increasing due to the lack of knowledge in prevention and the symptoms. It is a common cancer type around the world and it occurs when the skin cells are damaged. Hence, the detection of skin cancer near the beginning is important to prevent the spread of cancer and to increase the survival rate. Recently, image processing and machine learning techniques gained more interest in medical applications. However, early analysis of skin cancer images is very challenging due to factors, like variations in the color illumination, light reflections from the skin surface, and different sizes and shapes of lesions. To detect skin cancer at an early stage and to increase the survival rate, an effective skin cancer detection method is introduced in this study using the proposed Fractional Student Psychology Based Optimization-based Deep Q Network (FSPBO-based DQN) in the wireless network scenario. At first, the nodes simulated in the network area are allowed to capture the healthcare information to make the detection strategy using the proposed method. Then, the routing is performed by the proposed Fractional Student Psychology Based Optimization (FSPBO) algorithm by considering the fitness parameters, like distance, energy, trust, and delay. After the images (healthcare information) are reached the Base Station (BS), the pre-processing, segmentation, and cancer detection processes are carried out to detect the skin lesions. Initially, the image is fed to pre-processing phase, where a Type II Fuzzy System and cuckoo search optimization algorithm (T2FCS) filter is employed to remove the noise of images. Then, the pre-processed images are fed to the segmentation phase, where speech enhancement Generative Adversarial Network (SeGAN) is used to generate the segmented results. Afterward, the Deep Q Network (DQN) detects the skin cancer based on the segmented results, and the training of DQN is made using the proposed FSPBO algorithm, which is designed by integrating the Student Psychology Based Optimization (SPBO) and Fractional Calculus (FC). The proposed method is more robust and reduces computation time and complexity. Moreover, the proposed method achieved higher performance by considering the measures, namely accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with the values of 92.364%, 93.20%, and 92.63%. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole(cas: 92-36-4).Product Details of 92-36-4

The Article related to deep q network, fractional calculus, internet of things, routing, skin cancer detection, algorithms, humans, image processing, computer-assisted: methods, skin neoplasms: diagnostic imaging, speech, students and other aspects.Product Details of 92-36-4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

On December 4, 2020, Ludwig, Cassie A; Perera, Chandrashan; Myung, David; Greven, Margaret A; Smith, Stephen J; Chang, Robert T; Leng, Theodore published an article.Reference of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole The title of the article was Automatic Identification of Referral-Warranted Diabetic Retinopathy Using Deep Learning on Mobile Phone Images.. And the article contained the following:

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a deep learning algorithm in the detection of referral-warranted diabetic retinopathy (RDR) on low-resolution fundus images acquired with a smartphone and indirect ophthalmoscope lens adapter. Methods: An automated deep learning algorithm trained on 92,364 traditional fundus camera images was tested on a dataset of smartphone fundus images from 103 eyes acquired from two previously published studies. Images were extracted from live video screenshots from fundus examinations using a commercially available lens adapter and exported as a screenshot from live video clips filmed at 1080p resolution. Each image was graded twice by a board-certified ophthalmologist and compared to the output of the algorithm, which classified each image as having RDR (moderate nonproliferative DR or worse) or no RDR. Results: In spite of the presence of multiple artifacts (lens glare, lens particulates/smudging, user hands over the objective lens) and low-resolution images achieved by users of various levels of medical training, the algorithm achieved a 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83-0.95) area under the curve with an 89% sensitivity (95% CI 81%-100%) and 83% specificity (95% CI 77%-89%) for detecting RDR on mobile phone acquired fundus photos. Conclusions: The fully data-driven artificial intelligence-based grading algorithm herein can be used to screen fundus photos taken from mobile devices and identify with high reliability which cases should be referred to an ophthalmologist for further evaluation and treatment. Translational Relevance: The implementation of this algorithm on a global basis could drastically reduce the rate of vision loss attributed to DR. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole(cas: 92-36-4).Reference of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole

The Article related to artificial intelligence, deep learning, diabetic retinopathy, fundus photography, mobile technology, artificial intelligence, deep learning, diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy: diagnosis, humans, referral and consultation, reproducibility of results and other aspects.Reference of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

McDonald, Sarah D; Pullenayegum, Eleanor; Chapman, Barbara; Vera, Claudio; Giglia, Lucia; Fusch, Christoph; Foster, Gary published an article in 2012, the title of the article was Prevalence and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge..COA of Formula: C14H12N2S And the article contains the following content:

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the population-based prevalence and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge in singleton and twin term newborns. METHODS: We studied all hospital births in the province of Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 2009, and March 31, 2010, to perform a retrospective cohort study. We included live singleton and twin births, at term (37 0/7 weeks of gestation to 41 6/7 weeks of gestation), with information about feeding at maternal-newborn discharge. Descriptive statistics were performed and logistic regression was used to identify factors related to exclusive breastfeeding. RESULTS: Our study population consisted of 92,364 newborns, of whom 56,865 (61.6%) were exclusively breastfed at discharge. Older, nonsmoking, higher-income mothers with no pregnancy complications or reproductive assistance were more likely to breastfeed. Mothers of twins were less likely to exclusively breastfeed (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25-0.36) as were women who did not attend prenatal classes (adjusted OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.76-0.83). Compared with patients of obstetricians (57%), women cared for by midwives (87%, adjusted OR 4.49, 95% CI 4.16-4.85) and family physicians (67%, adjusted OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.47-1.61) were more likely to exclusively breastfeed. Breastfeeding after a planned (50%, adjusted OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.52-0.60) or unplanned (48%, adjusted OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.44-0.51) cesarean delivery was less common than after a spontaneous vaginal birth (68%). Neonates born at 39, 38, and 37 weeks of gestation (compared with 41 weeks of gestation) were increasingly less likely to breastfeed (adjusted ORs 0.93, 95% CI 0.89-0.98; 0.84, 95% CI 0.80-0.88; and 0.71, 95% CI 0.67-0.76). CONCLUSION: This large population-based study found that fewer than two thirds of term newborns are exclusively breastfed at hospital discharge, substantially lower than previously reported. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole(cas: 92-36-4).COA of Formula: C14H12N2S

The Article related to adult, breast feeding: statistics & numerical data, female, humans, incidence, infant, newborn, male, ontario: geographic, ontario: epidemiology, patient discharge, prevalence, retrospective studies, social class and other aspects.COA of Formula: C14H12N2S

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

On August 3, 2013, Lutsiv, Olha; Giglia, Lucia; Pullenayegum, Eleanor; Foster, Gary; Vera, Claudio; Chapman, Barbara; Fusch, Christoph; McDonald, Sarah D published an article.Electric Literature of 92-36-4 The title of the article was A population-based cohort study of breastfeeding according to gestational age at term delivery.. And the article contained the following:

OBJECTIVE: Because breastfeeding is the optimal form of infant feeding, this study was conducted to determine the effect of gestational age on breastfeeding in term infants. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective population-based cohort study of singleton/twin hospital births was conducted in Ontario, Canada between April 1, 2009, and March 31, 2010. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the adjusted effect of gestational age on breastfeeding. RESULTS: Our study population comprised 92,364 infants, of whom 80,297 (86.9%) were exclusively or partially breastfed at the time of hospital discharge. Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that early-term infants had lower odds of being breastfed compared with infants born at 41 weeks gestation (40 weeks: aOR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.86-0.99; 39 weeks: aOR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81-0.93; 38 weeks: aOR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75-0.88; 37 weeks: aOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.67-0.82). CONCLUSION: Using a population-based approach, we found that infants born at 40, 39, 38, and 37 weeks gestation had increasingly lower odds of being breastfed compared with infants born at 41 weeks. Clinicians need to be made aware of the differences in outcomes of infants delivered at early and late term, so that appropriate breastfeeding support can be provided to women at risk for not breastfeeding. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole(cas: 92-36-4).Electric Literature of 92-36-4

The Article related to adult, breast feeding: statistics & numerical data, cohort studies, female, gestational age, humans, infant, newborn, multivariate analysis, odds ratio, ontario: geographic, registries, retrospective studies, social class, term birth and other aspects.Electric Literature of 92-36-4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Burger, Alfred; Sawhney, S. N. published an article in 1968, the title of the article was Antimalarials. III. Benzothiazole amino alcohols.Computed Properties of 19989-66-3 And the article contains the following content:

Amino alcs. carrying a CHOH(CH2)1-3NR2 chain in position 6 of a benzothiazole nucleus, unsubstituted or substituted by Ph or CF3 in the 2 position, have been synthesized by standard methods and tested for activity against Plasmodium berghei in mice. Several of the amino alcs. showed weak antimalarial activity but only at toxic doses. 15 references. The experimental process involved the reaction of Benzo[d]thiazol-6-ylmethanol(cas: 19989-66-3).Computed Properties of 19989-66-3

The Article related to amino alcohols: chemical synthesis, amino alcohols: therapeutic use, amino alcohols: toxicity, animals, antimalarials: chemical synthesis, antimalarials: therapeutic use, antimalarials: toxicity, mice, thiazoles: chemical synthesis, thiazoles: therapeutic use and other aspects.Computed Properties of 19989-66-3

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

On July 17, 2013, Lutsiv, O; Pullenayegum, E; Foster, G; Vera, C; Giglia, L; Chapman, B; Fusch, C; McDonald, S D published an article.Recommanded Product: 92-36-4 The title of the article was Women’s intentions to breastfeed: a population-based cohort study.. And the article contained the following:

OBJECTIVE: Given that intention to breastfeed is a strong predictor of breastfeeding initiation and duration, the objectives of this study were to estimate the population-based prevalence and the factors associated with the intention to breastfeed. DESIGN: Retrospective population-based cohort study. SETTING: All hospitals in Ontario, Canada (1 April 2009-31 March 2010). POPULATION: Women who gave birth to live, term, singletons/twins. METHODS: Patient, healthcare provider, and hospital factors that may be associated with intention to breastfeed were analysed using univariable and multivariable regression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Population-based prevalence of intention to breastfeed and its associated factors. RESULTS: The study included 92,364 women, of whom 78,806 (85.3%) intended to breastfeed. The odds of intending to breastfeed were higher amongst older women with no health problems and women who were cared for exclusively by midwives (adjusted OR 3.64, 95% CI 3.13-4.23). Being pregnant with twins (adjusted OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.94), not attending antenatal classes (adjusted OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.54-0.62), having previous term or preterm births (adjusted OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.78-0.81, and adjusted OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.82-0.93, respectively), and delivering in a level-1 hospital (adjusted OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77-0.93) were associated with a lower intention to breastfeed. CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based study ~85% of women intended to breastfeed their babies. Key factors that are associated with the intention to breastfeed were identified, which can now be targeted for intervention programmes aimed at increasing the prevalence of breastfeeding and improving overall child and maternal health. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole(cas: 92-36-4).Recommanded Product: 92-36-4

The Article related to adult, breast feeding: psychology, female, hospitalization: statistics & numerical data, humans, intention, maternal age, ontario: geographic, pregnancy, pregnancy, multiple: psychology, pregnancy, multiple: statistics & numerical data, pregnant women: psychology, premature birth: psychology and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 92-36-4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

On February 2, 2012, Orellana, M Angeles; Gómez-Lus, M Luisa; Lora, David published an article.Computed Properties of 92-36-4 The title of the article was Sensitivity of Gram stain in the diagnosis of urethritis in men.. And the article contained the following:

BACKGROUND: Acute urethritis is among the most common types of sexually transmitted diseases in men. The diagnosis usually requires microscopic evidence of urethritis, but sometimes urethral pathogens are detected in asymptomatic men without such evidence. The aims of this study were to assess the sensitivity of Gram stain in men with urethral symptoms and to relate it to the microorganisms isolated. METHODS: Between January 2006 and December 2007, 491 urethral samples were analysed. The authors assessed the presence of leukocytes by Gram stain and tested specifically for Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and Trichomonas vaginalis, as well as analysing the results of conventional culture. RESULTS: The percentages of positive samples as a function of Gram category were two or less polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs)/high-power field (HPF) 25% (92/364), three to four PMNLs/HPF 32% (18/57) and five or more PMNLs/HPF 54% (38/70). Classing samples with more than two PMNLs/HPF as positive, the sensitivity, specificity and positive likelihood ratio for Gram stain were 38% (95% CI 30 to 46), 79% (95% CI 75 to 84) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.4), respectively. On the other hand, taking as positive five or more PMNLs/HPF, the sensitivity, specificity and positive likelihood ratio for Gram stain were 26% (95% CI 18 to 33), 91% (95% CI 87 to 94) and 2.7 (95% CI 1.8 to 4.2), respectively. The sensitivity of Gram stain to Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum were 80% (95% CI 64 to 96), 23% (95% CI 8 to 39) and 11% (95% CI 2 to 20), respectively. CONCLUSION: The low sensitivity of Gram stain means that negative results do not exclude the presence of urethritis in symptomatic patients. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole(cas: 92-36-4).Computed Properties of 92-36-4

The Article related to adolescent, adult, aged, coloring agents, cross-sectional studies, gentian violet, gram-negative bacterial infections: diagnosis, humans, male, middle aged, neutrophils, phenazines, prospective studies, sensitivity and specificity, trichomonas infections: diagnosis, urethritis: diagnosis, young adult and other aspects.Computed Properties of 92-36-4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

On June 27, 2008, Iseki, Kunitoshi; Tokashiki, Kaori; Iseki, Chiho; Kohagura, Kentaro; Kinjo, Kozen; Takishita, Shuichi published an article.COA of Formula: C14H12N2S The title of the article was Proteinuria and decreased body mass index as a significant risk factor in developing end-stage renal disease.. And the article contained the following:

BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) is a significant predictor of developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The relation between a change in BMI (DeltaBMI) and the incidence of ESRD has not been examined in any large epidemiologic studies. METHODS: We determined the DeltaBMI in subjects who participated in the Okinawa General Health Maintenance Association (OGHMA) screenings in 1983 and again in 1993. Screenees were free of ESRD at the 1993 screening and were then monitored until the end of 2000 to determine whether they developed ESRD. Participants were identified using ID numbers, birthdates, and other identifiers. Details of every ESRD patient treated in Okinawa are maintained in an independent community-based dialysis registry. Multivariate logistic analyses were performed to determine the significance of a DeltaBMI on the incidence of ESRD using SAS. The ethics committee of the OGHMA approved the study protocol. Only coded data were used for this study. RESULTS: Among the 92,364 subjects aged 30-89 years screened in 1983, 29,011 (31.4%) returned for the 1993 screening. The median DeltaBMI was 2.1%, and the subjects were divided into two groups: DeltaBMI < 2.1% (G1) and DeltaBMI > or = 2.1% (G2). The cumulative incidence of ESRD was 0.31% in G1 (ESRD in 44) and 0.14% in G2 (ESRD in 21). The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of developing ESRD based on a DeltaBMI was 2.268 (1.284-4.000, P < 0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, BMI in 1983, and proteinuria. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study suggest that a DeltaBMI is an independent risk factor for the incidence of ESRD, especially for those with proteinuria. The reasons for the BMI change were not recorded in this study. Unintentional weight loss, however, might warrant evaluation for the presence or progression of chronic kidney disease. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole(cas: 92-36-4).COA of Formula: C14H12N2S

The Article related to adult, aged, aged, 80 and over, body mass index, body weight: physiology, female, humans, incidence, japan: geographic, japan: epidemiology, kidney failure, chronic: epidemiology, kidney failure, chronic: physiopathology, male, mass screening, middle aged, multivariate analysis, predictive value of tests and other aspects.COA of Formula: C14H12N2S

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

On July 14, 2018, Liang-Cai, He; Jia-Song, Wang; Mei-Zhi, Yuan; Xin-Fu, Peng; Xian-Hui, Lu; Ke-Li, Wu; Wen, Su published an article.Synthetic Route of 92-36-4 The title of the article was [Endemic situation of schistosomiasis in surveillance sites of Jingzhou City, 2017].. And the article contained the following:

OBJECTIVE: To grasp the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Jingzhou City in 2017, so as to provide the evidence for formulating prevention strategies. METHODS: According to the requirements of National Schistosomiasis Surveillance Program (2014), Hubei Schistosomiasis Surveillance Program (2015) and Jingzhou Schistosomiasis Surveillance Program, the local population infection monitoring, mobile population infection monitoring, livestock disease monitoring, snail monitoring, and wild manure monitoring were carried out at 71 monitoring sites throughout the city. RESULTS: Among the 71 surveillance sites, 44 118 local residents received the indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) for schistosomiasis and 1 925 persons were positive, with the positive rate of 4.36%, However, no stool examination positive cases were found. Totally 2 175 mobile people received the IHA for schistosomiasis and 93 persons were positive, with the positive rate of 4.28%, but no stool examination positive cases were found. A total of 1 937 head of cattle received the stool examination for schistosome infection, but no positives were found. Totally 1 302 Oncomelania hupensis habitats were found in 69 surveillance sites, with 1 923.64 hm2 area with snails. Totally 348 756 frames were surveyed, and the occurrence rate of snails was 17.19%. A total of 142 494 living snails were captured, with the average density of 0.41 snail/0.1 m2. No schistosome-infected snails were found. Totally 596 cases of wild manure were picked up in 41 environments with snails among 23 surveillance sites, but schistosome infested wild manure was not found. CONCLUSIONS: In 2017, the level of schistosomiasis epidemic was very low in Jingzhou City. However, the risk of epidemic rebound still exists, and therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring work to further consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole(cas: 92-36-4).Synthetic Route of 92-36-4

The Article related to animals, cattle, china: geographic, china: epidemiology, endemic diseases: prevention & control, endemic diseases: statistics & numerical data, hemagglutination tests, humans, livestock: parasitology, population surveillance, prevalence, schistosoma, schistosomiasis: epidemiology, schistosomiasis: prevention & control and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 92-36-4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica