Heterocyclic Building Blocks-Thiazole

The interaction of chlorinated 6-spiroepoxypenicillins with Bacillus cereus β-lactamase I: irreversible inhibition and turnover was written by Bycroft, Barrie W.;Gledhill, Linden;Shute, Richard E.;Williams, Paul. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications in 1988.COA of Formula: C4H7NS This article mentions the following:

Two chlorinated 6-spiroepoxypenicillin anilides were irreversible inhibitors of β-lactamase I (penicillinase) of B. cereus, but they were also turned over by this enzyme to yield the same hydrolysis product, whose structure was determined to be an unusual 6-substituted-1,4-dihydrothiazine-3-carboxylate, α-ketoamide; a possible pathway for the turnover and inhibitory processes associated with these interactions is presented. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Methyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole (cas: 2346-00-1COA of Formula: C4H7NS).

2-Methyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole (cas: 2346-00-1) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities. There are numerous natural products that possess a thiazole ring with broad pharmacological activities. Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, possesses a thiazole ring linked with 2-methylpyrimidine-4-amine as hydrochloride salt.COA of Formula: C4H7NS

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Design and discovery of novel thiazole derivatives as potential MMP inhibitors to protect against acute lung injury in sepsis rats via attenuation of inflammation and apoptotic oxidative stress was written by Ge, Lingqing;Hu, Qiaozhen;Shi, Mengrao;Yang, Huiyun;Zhu, Guoji. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2017.Product Details of 2103-99-3 This article mentions the following:

Acute lung injury (ALI) is considered to be an inflammatory syndrome of the airway system that is initiated by failure of the respiratory system. In this study, we evaluated the possible benefits of some novel thiazole derivatives against ALI. These derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for the inhibition of MMP-8 and MMP-2. Most of the tested compounds had better inhibitory activity for MMP-8 than for MMP-2, with compound 26 being the most potent analog among the tested series. Thus, compound 26 was further investigated to determine its beneficial effects in an ALI model of rats with sepsis. In vivo results suggested that compound 26 significantly reduced the protein concentration together with a decline in enhanced leukocytes compared with those in ALI induced by cecal ligation and puncture. The effect of compound 26 on myeloperoxidase activity was also quantified, which was found to be significantly reduced at the maximum tested dose of 20 mg kg^-1. The protective effect of compound 26 against ALI was also established to occur via the significant modulation of various biomarkers; for example, the malondialdehyde level was found to be reduced, while there were increased levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Thus, it is proposed that compound 26 exerts a protective effect against ALI via modulation of the antioxidant status. Furthermore, the compounds tested caused significant attenuation of the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, and protected the lung through the modulation of systemic inflammatory mediators in septic rats. In conclusion, we identified a novel series of thiazoles, which potentially exert protective effects against ALI via the inhibition of numerous pathways. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(4-Chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-amine (cas: 2103-99-3Product Details of 2103-99-3).

4-(4-Chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-amine (cas: 2103-99-3) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The thiazole ring has been identified as a central feature of numerous natural products, perhaps the most famous example of which is epothilone. The pyridine-type nitrogen in the thiazole ring deactivates the ring for electrophilic substitution reactions, which is further reduced in acid due to protonation of the thiazole ring.Product Details of 2103-99-3

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Volatile compounds and odor preferences of ground beef added with garlic and red wine, and irradiated with charcoal pack was written by Lee, Kyung Haeng;Yun, Hyejeong;Lee, Ju Woon;Ahn, Dong Uk;Lee, Eun Joo;Jo, Cheorun. And the article was included in Radiation Physics and Chemistry in 2012.Reference of 15679-19-3 This article mentions the following:

Irradiation is the most efficient non-thermal technol. for improving hygienic quality and extending the shelf-life of food products. One of the adverse effects of food irradiation, however, is off-flavor production, which significantly affects the sensory preferences for certain foods. In this study, garlic (5%, weight/weight) and red wine (1:1, weight/weight) were added to ground beef to increase the radiation sensitivity of pathogens and improve meat odor/flavor. Samples were irradiated at 0 or 5 kGy in the presence of charcoal pack. SPME-GC-MS anal. was performed to measure the changes in the volatile compounds and sensory characteristics of the samples. The amount of total volatile compounds produced from ground beef was greater when the sample was irradiated. When garlic and red wine were added to the ground beef, the amount of volatile compounds significantly increased, and the amount of volatile compounds increased even further after irradiation However, when the samples were irradiated with charcoal pack, the amount of volatile compounds decreased significantly. Sensory evaluation indicated that charcoal pack significantly increased the odor preferences for both irradiated and non-irradiated ground beef added with garlic. These results indicated that addition of charcoal pack to ground beef could reduce off-odor problems induced by irradiation, and this effect was consistent even when certain additives such as garlic and red wine were added. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Ethoxythiazole (cas: 15679-19-3Reference of 15679-19-3).

2-Ethoxythiazole (cas: 15679-19-3) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The thiazole ring has been identified as a central feature of numerous natural products, perhaps the most famous example of which is epothilone. Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. Prominent is the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis is a reaction between haloketones and thioamides.Reference of 15679-19-3

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Agonist-directed trafficking of porcine α_2A-adrenergic receptor signaling in Chinese hamster ovary cells: l-isoproterenol selectively activates G_s was written by Brink, Christiaan B.;Wade, Susan M.;Neubig, Richard R.. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics in 2000.Electric Literature of C10H17Cl2N3S This article mentions the following:

In this study, we investigated the hypothesis of agonist-directed trafficking of receptor signaling for the α_2A-adrenergic receptor (α_2A-AR). α_2A-ARs couple to both G_s and G_i to stimulate or inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity. Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cell lines expressing the porcine α_2A-AR at high (α_2A-H) and low (α_2A-L) levels were used to estimate the relative efficacies (R.e.s) of a series of agonists for the G_s and G_i pathways. G_s-mediated responses were measured after pertussis toxin treatment to inactivate G_i in α_2A-H, whereas G_i responses were measured in α_2A-L, where G_s responses were absent. The full agonist UK-14,304 showed a large receptor reserve for G_i responses in α_2A-H but little receptor reserve for G_s responses in α_2A-H or for G_i responses in α_2A-L. With the exception of l-isoproterenol (ISO), all agonists showed similar R.e.s. at the α_2A-AR for G_s and G_i responses, with rank orders of R.e.s as follows: l-epinephrine = l-norepinephrine = UK-14,304 > p-aminoclonidine ≥ BHT-920 ≥ BHT-933 > clonidine = p-iodoclonidine ≥ xylazine ≥ guanabenz. Interestingly, ISO had the highest efficacy at the α_2A-AR for activating G_s vs. G_i (9-fold higher); however, it had low potency for both. By several criteria, the ISO response was mediated by the α_2A-AR, supporting the hypothesis of agonist-directed trafficking of receptor signaling or agonist-specific G protein selectivity. In contrast, the apparent G_i pathway selectivity of oxymetazoline appears to be mediated by an endogenous serotonergic receptor. It is intriguing that a classic β-AR agonist that activates G_s through β₂-ARs also appears to produce a G_s-selective conformation of the G_i-coupled α_2A-AR. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Allyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiazolo[4,5-d]azepin-2-amine dihydrochloride (cas: 36085-73-1Electric Literature of C10H17Cl2N3S).

6-Allyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiazolo[4,5-d]azepin-2-amine dihydrochloride (cas: 36085-73-1) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole rings are planar and aromatic. Thiazoles are characterized by larger pi-electron delocalization than the corresponding oxazoles and have therefore greater aromaticity. The nitrogen in thiazole is sp2 hybridized and the lone pair of electrons localized on the nitrogen is less reactive due to increased aromatic character and decreased basicity. It is protonated and alkylated/acylated at nitrogen forming hydrochloride and quaternary thiazolium salt.Electric Literature of C10H17Cl2N3S

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Novel high/low solubility classification methods for new molecular entities was written by Dave, Rutwij A.;Morris, Marilyn E.. And the article was included in International Journal of Pharmaceutics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2016.Related Products of 16595-80-5 This article mentions the following:

This research describes a rapid solubility classification approach that could be used in the discovery and development of new mol. entities. Compounds (N = 635) were divided into two groups based on information available in the literature: high solubility (BDDCS/BCS 1/3) and low solubility (BDDCS/BCS 2/4). We established decision rules for determining solubility classes using measured log solubility in molar units (MLogS_M) or measured solubility (MSol) in mg/mL units. ROC curve anal. was applied to determine statistically significant threshold values of MSol and MLogS_M. Results indicated that NMEs with MLogS_M > -3.05 or MSol > 0.30 mg/mL will have ≥85% probability of being highly soluble and new mol. entities with MLogS_M ≤ -3.05 or MSol ≤ 0.30 mg/mL will have ≥85% probability of being poorly soluble When comparing solubility classification using the threshold values of MLogS_M or MSol with BDDCS, we were able to correctly classify 85% of compounds We also evaluated solubility classification of an independent set of 108 orally administered drugs using MSol (0.3 mg/mL) and our method correctly classified 81% and 95% of compounds into high and low solubility classes, resp. The high/low solubility classification using MLogS_M or MSol is novel and independent of traditionally used dose number criteria. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hydrochloride (cas: 16595-80-5Related Products of 16595-80-5).

(S)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hydrochloride (cas: 16595-80-5) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The thiazole ring has been identified as a central feature of numerous natural products, perhaps the most famous example of which is epothilone. Thiazole is a versatile building block for the construction and lead generation of new drug discoveries. Numerous diazole-based compounds are in clinical use as anticancer, antileukemic, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, antirheumatic, immunomodulator, and antiparasitic agents.Related Products of 16595-80-5

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Suppression of glioblastoma by a drug cocktail reprogramming tumor cells into neuronal like cells was written by Gao, Longfei;Huang, Shichao;Zhang, Hong;Hua, Wei;Xin, Shunmei;Cheng, Lin;Guan, Wuqiang;Yu, Yongchun;Mao, Ying;Pei, Gang. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2019.Category: thiazole This article mentions the following:

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant tumor in adult brain. Even with the current standard therapy including surgical resection followed by postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide (Temo), GBM patients still have a poor median survival. Reprogramming of tumor cells into non-malignant cells might be a promising therapeutic strategy for malignant tumors, including GBM. Based on previous studies using small mols. to reprogram astrocytes into neuronal cells, here we further identified a FTT cocktail of three commonly used drugs (Fasudil, Tranilast, and Temo) to reprogram patient-derived GBM cells, either cultured in serum containing or serum-free medium, into neuronal like cells. FTT-treated GBM cells displayed a neuronal like morphol., expressed neuronal genes, exhibited neuronal electrophysiol. properties, and showed attenuated malignancy. More importantly, FTT cocktail more significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival in GBM patient derived xenograft than Temo alone. Our study provided preclin. evidence that the neuronal reprogramming drug cocktail might be a promising strategy to improve the existing treatment for GBM. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Benzyl-2-(pyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-4-carboxamide (cas: 1226056-71-8Category: thiazole).

N-Benzyl-2-(pyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-4-carboxamide (cas: 1226056-71-8) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles frequently appear in peptide studies. Thiazoles can also be used as protected formyl groups, which can be released in later stages of complex natural product synthesis. There are numerous natural products that possess a thiazole ring with broad pharmacological activities. Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, possesses a thiazole ring linked with 2-methylpyrimidine-4-amine as hydrochloride salt.Category: thiazole

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Bulky Yet Flexible Pd-PEPPSI-IPent^An for the Synthesis of Sterically Hindered Biaryls in Air was written by Lu, Dong-Dong;He, Xu-Xian;Liu, Feng-Shou. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2017.Recommanded Product: 615-20-3 This article mentions the following:

In this report, a type of moisture and air stable Pd-PEPPSI-IPent^An complex with the combination of acenaphthyl on the backbone and isopentyl groups on N-aryl moieties, I, was described and applied in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction in air. The reaction conditions were optimized, and the structure-reactivity relationships between I and other classical efficient Pd-PEPPSI complexes were investigated intensively. Our study demonstrated that both the backbone and N-aryl moieties gave rise to a significant effect on this transformation when exposed to air. A wide range of sterically hindered (hetero)aryl chlorides with (hetero)arylboronic acids were compatible, giving good to excellent isolated yields of sterically hindered bi(hetero)aryls. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chlorobenzothiazole (cas: 615-20-3Recommanded Product: 615-20-3).

2-Chlorobenzothiazole (cas: 615-20-3) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles in peptides or their ability to bind proteins, DNA and RNA has led to many synthetic studies and new applications. Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. Prominent is the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis is a reaction between haloketones and thioamides.Recommanded Product: 615-20-3

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Ruthenium silicate (RS-1) zeolite: novel heterogeneous efficient catalyst for synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazole derivatives was written by Gadekar, Sachin P.;Lande, Machhindra K.. And the article was included in Research on Chemical Intermediates in 2021.Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Methylphenyl)benzothiazole This article mentions the following:

Mesoporous silicate and transition metal (Ru⁺³) containing mesoporous silicate materials or ruthenium silicate Ru⁺³/Si⁺⁴ where synthesis by using hydrothermal process. Mesoporous ruthenium silicate (RS-1) and zeolite catalyst have been successfully synthesized with variable molar ratio such as (a) Ru:Si 1:100, (b) Ru:Si 1:150, (c) Ru:Si 1:200. The elemental composition, structural morphol., crystal phase and properties and various parameters of the catalyst were examined by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, SEM, powder X-ray diffraction. Energy dispersive X-ray pattern/spectroscopy anal. EDX/EDS, where as the activity of obtained catalysts was tested in the Willgerodt-Kindler synthesis between 2-aminothiophenol and substituted aryl aldehyde (1:1 mol) to form a 2-arylbenzothiazole. The novelty of the presented work was the ruthenium (Ru⁺³) metal impregnations in silicate framework for the synthesis of novel ruthenium silicate (RS-1) zeolite as a catalyst and the investigation of the various parameters, role, its stability and catalytic activity in the Willgerodt-Kindler (combined both Knovenagel and Maichel addition reaction) synthesis. The developed protocol has several benefits such as short reaction time, mild reaction condition, and good reusability of catalyst. Graphic abstract: [graphic not available: see fulltext]. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methylphenyl)benzothiazole (cas: 16112-21-3Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Methylphenyl)benzothiazole).

2-(4-Methylphenyl)benzothiazole (cas: 16112-21-3) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole is a five-membered, unsaturated, planar, π-excessive heteroaromatic containing one sulfur atom and one pyridine-type nitrogen atom at position 3 of the cyclic ring system. Electrophilic attack at nitrogen depends on the presence of electron density at nitrogen as well as the position and nature of substituent linked to the thiazole ring.Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Methylphenyl)benzothiazole

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Pharmacokinetics and mechanism of renal excretion of short acting sulfonamides and N₄-acetylsulfonamide derivatives in man. Structural requirements of sulfonamides for active tubular secretion was written by Vree, T. B.;Hekster, Y. A.;Damsma, J. E.;Tijhuis, M.;Friesen, W. T.. And the article was included in European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology in 1981.Computed Properties of C11H11N3O3S2 This article mentions the following:

The pharmacokinetics of short acting sulfonamides and a series of N₄-acetylsulfonamides was investigated. Sulfonamides with a S atom 2 at. bond distances from the N¹-atom are excreted by active tubular secretion, e.g. sulfamethizole  [144-82-1], sulfaethidole  [94-19-9], and sulfathiazole  [72-14-0]. When the S atom is replaced by an O or N, active renal excretion no longer occurs. N⁴-Acetylsulfonamides are excreted by active tubular secretion. The renal clearance value of the N⁴-acetylsulfonamides are not influenced by the substituent at the N¹ position. Two groups of N⁴-acetylsulfonamides can be distinguished. One has a T_1/2 of 4-6 h and a renal clearance value of 20-60 mL/min and the second has a T_1/2 of 10-20 h and a renal clearance of <10 mL/min. N⁴-Acetylsulfonamides are deacetylated ∼5%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(4-(N-(Thiazol-2-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)acetamide (cas: 127-76-4Computed Properties of C11H11N3O3S2).

N-(4-(N-(Thiazol-2-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)acetamide (cas: 127-76-4) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles in peptides or their ability to bind proteins, DNA and RNA has led to many synthetic studies and new applications. Electrophilic attack at nitrogen depends on the presence of electron density at nitrogen as well as the position and nature of substituent linked to the thiazole ring.Computed Properties of C11H11N3O3S2

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

1-Piperazinylphthalazines as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors and anticancer agents: Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation was written by Abou-Seri, Sahar M.;Eldehna, Wagdy M.;Ali, Mamdouh M.;Abou El Ella, Dalal A.. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2016.Recommanded Product: 2103-99-3 This article mentions the following:

In our endeavor towards the development of effective VEGFR-2 inhibitors, three novel series of phthalazine derivatives based on 1-piperazinyl-4-arylphthalazine scaffold were synthesized. All the newly prepared phthalazines were evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory activity against VEGFR-2. In particular, compounds I and II potently inhibited VEGFR-2 at sub-micromolar IC₅₀ values 0.35 ± 0.03 and 0.40 ± 0.04 μM, resp. Moreover, seventeen selected compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity according to US-NCI protocol, where compounds I and II proved to be the most potent anticancer agents. While, compound I exhibited potent broad spectrum anticancer activity with full panel GI₅₀ (MG-MID) value of 3.62 μM, compound II showed high selectivity toward leukemia and prostate cancer subpanels [subpanel GI₅₀ (MG-MID) 3.51 and 5.15 μM, resp.]. Mol. docking of compounds I and II into VEGFR-2 active site was performed to explore their potential binding mode. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(4-Chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-amine (cas: 2103-99-3Recommanded Product: 2103-99-3).

4-(4-Chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-amine (cas: 2103-99-3) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The thiazole ring is notable as a component of the vitamin thiamine (B1). There are numerous natural products that possess a thiazole ring with broad pharmacological activities. Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, possesses a thiazole ring linked with 2-methylpyrimidine-4-amine as hydrochloride salt.Recommanded Product: 2103-99-3

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica