Heterocyclic Building Blocks-Thiazole

Masuda, Masami published the artcileSmall Molecule Inhibitors of α-Synuclein Filament Assembly, Safety of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole, the publication is Biochemistry (2006), 45(19), 6085-6094, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

α-Synuclein is the major component of the filamentous inclusions that constitute defining characteristics of Parkinson’s disease and other α-synucleinopathies. Here we have tested 79 compounds belonging to 12 different chem. classes for their ability to inhibit the assembly of α-synuclein into filaments in vitro. Several polyphenols, phenothiazines, porphyrins, polyene macrolides, and Congo red and its derivatives, BSB and FSB, inhibited α-synuclein filament assembly with IC₅₀ values in the low micromolar range. Many compounds that inhibited α-synuclein assembly were also found to inhibit the formation of Aβ and tau filaments. Biochem. anal. revealed the formation of soluble oligomeric α-synuclein in the presence of inhibitory compounds, suggesting that this may be the mechanism by which filament formation is inhibited. Unlike α-synuclein filaments and protofibrils, these soluble oligomeric species did not reduce the viability of SH-SY5Y cells. These findings suggest that the soluble oligomers formed in the presence of inhibitory compounds may not be toxic to nerve cells and that these compounds may therefore have therapeutic potential for α-synucleinopathies and other brain amyloidoses.

Biochemistry published new progress about 92-36-4. 92-36-4 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Organic Pigment, name is 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole, and the molecular formula is C14H12N2S, Safety of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

You, Jinmao published the artcileStudy of the retention behavior of eight thiazole derivatives by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, Application In Synthesis of 5053-24-7, the publication is Fenxi Huaxue (1996), 24(4), 447-541, database is CAplus.

The capacity factors k’ of eight thiazole derivatives on reversed-phase ODS column with methanol/water as eluant were measured. The linear regression between the lnk’ values and methanol concentrations according to equation lnk’ = a + cC was carried out and a good linear relation was obtained. The parameters a and c with various concentrations of methanol as the eluant were measured. The effect of various salts and triethylamine on the capacity factors of thiazole derivatives were studied. A mobile phase of methanol:0.2 mol/L HOAc-NaOAc buffer solution (pH 4.0):triethylamine 45:54:1 and UV detection at 254 nm gave satisfactory results.

Fenxi Huaxue published new progress about 5053-24-7. 5053-24-7 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Thiazole,sulfides, name is 2-(Methylthio)thiazole, and the molecular formula is C14H10N2O, Application In Synthesis of 5053-24-7.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Zhou, Yuefen published the artcileStructure-activity relationships of novel antibacterial translation inhibitors: 3,5-Diamino-piperidinyl triazines, Safety of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole, the publication is Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2006), 16(20), 5451-5456, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Structure-activity relationships of the 3,5-diamino-piperidinyl triazine series, a novel class of bacterial translation inhibitors, are described. Optimization was focused on the triazine C-4 position in which aromatic substituents that contained electron-withdrawing groups led to potent inhibitors. The initial lack of antibacterial activity was correlated with poor cellular penetration. Whole cell antibacterial activity was achieved by linking addnl. aromatic moieties at the triazine C-4 position.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about 92-36-4. 92-36-4 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Organic Pigment, name is 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole, and the molecular formula is C4H10O2, Safety of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Feng, Zewang published the artcileSynthesis of 2-(2-benzyloxycarbonylaminothiazol-4-yl)-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxycarbonyl) pent-2-enoic acid, COA of Formula: C6H8N2O2S, the publication is Zhongguo Kangshengsu Zazhi (2007), 32(10), 604-607, 635, database is CAplus.

2-(2-Benzyloxycarbonylaminothiazol-4-yl)-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxycarbonyl) pent-2-enoic acid (1), the key intermediate of ceftibuten, was prepared from Me (2-aminothiazol-4-yl) acetate, which could be easily bought in China through a three-step reaction of amino group protection, Michael addition elimination and selective esterification with an overall yield of 63.0%. This facile and lower-cost process was suitable for industrial production

Zhongguo Kangshengsu Zazhi published new progress about 64987-16-2. 64987-16-2 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Thiazole,Amine,Ester, name is Methyl 2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetate, and the molecular formula is C6H8N2O2S, COA of Formula: C6H8N2O2S.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Park, Cheol-Min published the artcileNon-peptidic small molecule inhibitors of XIAP, Computed Properties of 56503-96-9, the publication is Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2005), 15(3), 771-775, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Non-peptidic small mol. SMAC mimetics were designed and synthesized that bind to the BIR3 domain of XIAP using structure-based design. Substituted five-membered heterocycles such as thiazoles and imidazoles were identified that serve as replacements for peptide fragments of the lead. An example compound thus prepared and evaluated was an N-(thiazolyl)-L-alaninamide derivative (I).

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about 56503-96-9. 56503-96-9 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Thiazole,Amine,Naphthalene, name is 4-(Naphthalen-1-yl)thiazol-2-amine, and the molecular formula is C13H10N2S, Computed Properties of 56503-96-9.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Lange, Karen I. published the artcileKinetochore recruitment of the spindle and kinetochore-associated (Ska) complex is regulated by centrosomal PP2A in Caenorhabditis elegans, Computed Properties of 95-24-9, the publication is Genetics (2019), 212(2), 509-522, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

During mitosis, kinetochore-microtubule interactions ensure that chromosomes are accurately segregated to daughter cells. RSA-1 (regulator of spindle assembly-1) is a regulatory B” subunit of protein phosphatase 2A that was previously proposed to modulate microtubule dynamics during spindle assembly. We have identified a genetic interaction between the centrosomal protein, RSA-1, and the spindle- and kinetochore-associated (Ska) complex in Caenorhabditis elegans. In a forward genetic screen for suppressors of rsa-1(or598) embryonic lethality, we identified mutations in ska-1 and ska-3. Loss of SKA-1 and SKA-3, as well as components of the KMN (KNL-1/MIS-12/NDC-80) complex and the microtubule end-binding protein EBP-2, all suppressed the embryonic lethality of rsa-1(or598). These suppressors also disrupted the intracellular localization of the Ska complex, revealing a network of proteins that influence Ska function during mitosis. In rsa-1(or598) embryos, SKA-1 is excessively and prematurely recruited to kinetochores during spindle assembly, but SKA-1 levels return to normal just prior to anaphase onset. Loss of the TPX2 homolog, TPXL- 1, also resulted in overrecruitment of SKA-1 to the kinetochores and this correlated with the loss of Aurora A kinase on the spindle microtubules. We propose that rsa-1 regulates the kinetochore localization of the Ska complex, with spindle-associated Aurora A acting as a potential mediator. These data reveal a novel mechanism of protein phosphatase 2A function during mitosis involving a centrosome-based regulatory mechanism for Ska complex recruitment to the kinetochore.

Genetics published new progress about 95-24-9. 95-24-9 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Organic Pigment, name is 6-Chlorobenzothiazol-2-ylamine, and the molecular formula is C7H5ClN2S, Computed Properties of 95-24-9.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Mayr, Sebastian A. published the artcileOxidation of Various Kraft Lignins with a Bacterial Laccase Enzyme, Application In Synthesis of 30931-67-0, the publication is International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2021), 22(23), 13161, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Modification of kraft lignin (KL), traditionally uses harsh and energy-demanding phys. and chem. processes. In this study, the potential of the bacterial laccase CotA (spore coating protein A) for oxidation of KL under mild conditions was assessed. Thereby, the efficiency of CotA to oxidize both softwood and hardwood KL of varying purity at alk. conditions was examined For the resp. type of wood, the highest oxidation activity by CotA was determined for the medium ash content softwood KL (MA_S) and the medium ash content hardwood KL (MA_H), resp. By an up to 95% decrease in fluorescence and up to 65% in phenol content coupling of the structural lignin units was indicated. These results correlated with an increase in viscosity and mol. weight, which increased nearly 2 and 20-fold for MA_H and about 1.3 and 6.0-fold for MA_S, resp. Thus, this study confirms that the CotA laccase can oxidize a variety of KL at alk. conditions, while the origin and purity of KL were found to have a major impact on the efficiency of oxidation Under the herein tested conditions, it was observed that the MA_H KL showed the highest susceptibility to CotA oxidation when compared to the other hardwood KLs and the softwood KLs. Therefore, this could be a viable method to produce sustainable resins and adhesives.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about 30931-67-0. 30931-67-0 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Salt,Hydrazine,Amine,Benzothiazole, name is Ammonium 2,2′-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidene)bis(3-ethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole-6-sulfonate), and the molecular formula is C18H24N6O6S4, Application In Synthesis of 30931-67-0.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Yang, Jimin published the artcileSolid-Phase Synthesis of Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides Using Sulfurization Byproducts for in Situ Capping, Category: thiazole, the publication is Journal of Organic Chemistry (2018), 83(19), 11577-11585, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Phosphorothioate (PS) oligonucleotides are manufactured via a solid-phase chain elongation process in which a four-reaction cycle consisting of detritylation, coupling, sulfurization, and failure sequence capping with Ac₂O is repeated. In the capping step uncoupled sequences are acetylated at the 5′-OH to stop the chain growth and control the levels of deletion, or (n-1), impurities. Herein, we report that the byproducts of the commonly used sulfurization reagents react with the 5′-OH and cap the failure sequences. The standard Ac₂O capping step can therefore be eliminated and this 3-reaction cycle process affords higher yield and higher or comparable overall purity compared to the conventional 4-reaction synthesis. This improvement results in reducing the number of reactions from âˆ?0 to âˆ?0 for synthesis of a typical length 20-mer oligonucleotide. For every kilogram of an oligonucleotide intermediate synthesized, > 500 L of reagents and organic solvents are saved and the E-factor is decreased to < 1500 from âˆ?000.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 1192027-04-5. 1192027-04-5 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Other Aliphatic Heterocyclic,Amine, name is N,N-Dimethyl-N’-(3-thioxo-3H-1,2,4-dithiazol-5-yl)formimidamide, and the molecular formula is C12H15ClO3, Category: thiazole.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Okafor, C. O. published the artcileStudies in the heterocyclic series. XVI. Open azaphenothiazines as new central nervous system depressants, Formula: C6H4ClN3S, the publication is Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin (1982), 30(1), 302-18, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Acid-catalyzed condensation of 2-amino-3-mercapto-6-methylpyridine and 3-aminopyridine-2[1H]-thiones with 4-chloropyrimidines having free 5-carbon centers gave N-(3-mercapto-2-pyridyl)-6-pyrimidinylamines (I; R = H₂N, MeO, Cl, MeS; R¹ = Me, H₂N, HO, Cl) and N-(2-thioxo-3-pyridyl)-6-pyrimidinylamines (II; R² = Cl, MeO), which were described as open 1,3,9-triaza- and 1,3,6-triazaphenothiazines, resp. A newly developed method of reducing nitro groups was used for preparing the aminopyridine precursors. Eight new and five related compounds including an open 1,9-diazaphenoxazine were tested in mice to display central nervous system depressant activities. The most active compound in the series was II (R = R¹ = H₂N, R² = Cl). Structure-activity correlations were discussed.

Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin published new progress about 31784-71-1. 31784-71-1 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Other Aromatic Heterocyclic,Chloride,Amine, name is 5-Chlorothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-amine, and the molecular formula is C6H4ClN3S, Formula: C6H4ClN3S.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Sheth, Hasmukh B. published the artcileDevelopment of a single ELISA for detection of sulfonamides, Synthetic Route of 64987-16-2, the publication is Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (1991), 39(9), 1696-700, database is CAplus.

A sulfathiazole derivative was chem. linked to proteins in such a way that the aromatic amino group, common to all sulfonamides, was distal to the protein. A subset of the antibodies developed against this immunization conjugate could be used competitively with different sulfonamide haptens, linking methods and proteins to develop ELISA methods that had a broad spectrum of sulfonamide recognition. By use of the best ELISA protocol, 9 different sulfonamides decreased absorbance values 50% at concentrations <2 nM per assay. The sulfonamides recognized by the competitive ELISA had similar steric characteristics but considerable variation in electronic configuration. The method may be developed for screening of foods and related materials.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry published new progress about 64987-16-2. 64987-16-2 belongs to thiazole, auxiliary class Thiazole,Amine,Ester, name is Methyl 2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetate, and the molecular formula is C42H63O3P, Synthetic Route of 64987-16-2.

Referemce:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/thiazole,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica