Tag: 200-300

Decreased de novo synthesis of proteoglycans in drug-induced renal cystic disease was written by Lelongt, Brigitte;Carone, Frank A.;Kanwar, Yashpal S.. And the article was included in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 1988.HPLC of Formula: 6318-74-7 This article mentions the following:

Cellular and extracellular (tubular basement membrane, TBM) alterations in the proteoglycans (PGs) of the rat renal tubules in diphenylthiazole-induced cystic disease were investigated. The PGs of normal and cystic kidneys were labeled with [³⁵S]sulfate in an organ-perfusion system. Extracted cellular and TBM PGs were characterized by Sepharose CL-6B chromatog. before or after treatment with heparitinase (degrades heparan sulfate) or chondroitinase ABC (degrades chondroitin sulfate). Total radioactivities in cellular, TBM, and medium fractions of cystic kidneys were reduced by factors of 9, 7, and 3, resp. The PGs obtained from cystic and normal kidneys had similar profiles, namely, two peaks of radioactivity with K_av values of 0.26 (M_r = 130,000-150,000) and 0.40 (M_r = 50,000-55,000). The peaks had variable proportions of radioactivity for cellular and TBM fractions. Besides heparan sulfate, an addnl. 15-20% of chondroitin sulfate was synthesized in all three fractions obtained from cystic kidneys. The PGs synthesized by cystic kidneys had lower charge-d. characteristics as compared to controls by DEAE-Sepharose chromatog. The medium fractions contained mostly glycosaminoglycan chains of heparan sulfate. Autoradiograms of tissue samples revealed ≈50% and ≈60% decreases of grain densities over the cellular and TBM compartments, resp. This decrease in de novo PG synthesis may have some relationship in the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,5-Diphenylthiazol-2-amine (cas: 6318-74-7HPLC of Formula: 6318-74-7).

4,5-Diphenylthiazol-2-amine (cas: 6318-74-7) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities. The nitrogen in thiazole is sp2 hybridized and the lone pair of electrons localized on the nitrogen is less reactive due to increased aromatic character and decreased basicity. It is protonated and alkylated/acylated at nitrogen forming hydrochloride and quaternary thiazolium salt.HPLC of Formula: 6318-74-7

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Renal functional changes in experimental cystic disease are tubular in origin. was written by Carone, F A;Ozono, S;Samma, S;Kanwar, Y S;Oyasu, R. And the article was included in Kidney international in 1988.Safety of 4,5-Diphenylthiazol-2-amine This article mentions the following:

Chronic (30 weeks) structural and functional changes were correlated in diphenylthiazole (DPT)-induced polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in rats. DPT induced two different types of progressive tubular changes: cystic transformation and hyperplastic/atrophic tubular changes. Cystic changes diffusely involved collecting tubules in the outer medulla and cortex, and they were progressive over 30 weeks. Hyperplastic/atrophic changes occurred as clusters of tubules in the cortex and involved between 25% and 50% of tubular profiles after 12 and 30 weeks of drug treatment. Thus, the two types of tubular change were independent of each other and represent different cellular responses to the drug. DPT treatment induced no detectable light- and electron-microscopic or histochemical alterations in glomeruli or renal blood vessels. Renal functional changes consisted of: (1) early (4 weeks) and persistent impairment of concentrating ability; (2) a progressive drop in creatinine clearance and elevation in BUN; and (3) the late onset (30 weeks) of moderate proteinuria. These findings suggest that cystic as well as hyperplastic-atrophic tubular changes contribute to the loss of tubular and renal function in DPT-induced PKD. Both types of tubular lesions may have a role in the development of impaired renal function in other forms of experimental and clinical PKD. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,5-Diphenylthiazol-2-amine (cas: 6318-74-7Safety of 4,5-Diphenylthiazol-2-amine).

4,5-Diphenylthiazol-2-amine (cas: 6318-74-7) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The thiazole ring is notable as a component of the vitamin thiamine (B1). There are numerous natural products that possess a thiazole ring with broad pharmacological activities. Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, possesses a thiazole ring linked with 2-methylpyrimidine-4-amine as hydrochloride salt.Safety of 4,5-Diphenylthiazol-2-amine

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Quaternization at an Sp² nitrogen. II. An analysis on the substituent effect and on the nature of the transition state was written by Behera, G. B.;Sharma, A.. And the article was included in Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan in 1979.Computed Properties of C15H12N2S This article mentions the following:

The kinetics of N-phenacylation of a number of substituted thiazoles with substituted phenacyl bromides were investigated in PhNO₂ and in a number of other dipolar aprotic solvents. The rate constants of 2-amino-4-phenylthiazoles and 2-aminobenzothiazoles were calculated with suitably developed equations. The deviation of the observed values from the calculated results was ascribed to the steric effect. A 7-membered H-bonded transition state was proposed on the basis of the results obtained from the substituent and medium effects. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,5-Diphenylthiazol-2-amine (cas: 6318-74-7Computed Properties of C15H12N2S).

4,5-Diphenylthiazol-2-amine (cas: 6318-74-7) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole rings are planar and aromatic. Thiazoles are characterized by larger pi-electron delocalization than the corresponding oxazoles and have therefore greater aromaticity. Thiazole is a versatile building block for the construction and lead generation of new drug discoveries. Numerous diazole-based compounds are in clinical use as anticancer, antileukemic, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, antirheumatic, immunomodulator, and antiparasitic agents.Computed Properties of C15H12N2S

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Iron-catalyzed tandem reactions of ortho-aminobenzenethiols with isothiocyanates leading to 2-aminobenzothiazoles under ligand- and solvent-free conditions was written by Ding, Qiuping;Cao, Banpeng;Yang, Qin;Liu, Xianjin;Peng, Yiyuan. And the article was included in Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and the Related Elements in 2011.Formula: C13H10N2S This article mentions the following:

An efficient route to the synthesis of a variety of 2-aminobenzothiazoles I (R¹ = H, MeO, Br, I; R² = Ph, Et, 4-O₂NC₆H₄, cyclohexyl, etc.) has been discovered. It involves the reaction of ortho-aminobenzenethiols with isothiocyanates via an iron-catalyzed tandem addition-annulation process under ligand and solvent free conditions on a silica gel surface. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Phenylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 1843-21-6Formula: C13H10N2S).

N-Phenylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 1843-21-6) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole rings are planar and aromatic. Thiazoles are characterized by larger pi-electron delocalization than the corresponding oxazoles and have therefore greater aromaticity.Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. For example, 2,4-dimethylthiazole is synthesized from thioacetamide and chloroacetone.Formula: C13H10N2S

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Efficient and facile strategy to substituted 2-aminothiazoles via ring opening of α-nitroepoxides was written by Zhu, Yue;Wang, Qilin;Luo, Haofan;Zhang, Guolin;Yu, Yongping. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2018.Synthetic Route of C15H12N2S This article mentions the following:

A novel and efficient reaction has been developed to synthesize a set of substituted 2-aminothiazoles I (R¹=Phenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl etc. R²=Methyl, Et, phenyl) from α-nitroepoxides and ammonium thiocyanate. This reaction could proceed smoothly at mild condition, to afford products for a wide range of substrates with good to excellent yields. A possible mechanism has also been proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,5-Diphenylthiazol-2-amine (cas: 6318-74-7Synthetic Route of C15H12N2S).

4,5-Diphenylthiazol-2-amine (cas: 6318-74-7) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole rings are planar and aromatic. Thiazoles are characterized by larger pi-electron delocalization than the corresponding oxazoles and have therefore greater aromaticity. There are numerous natural products that possess a thiazole ring with broad pharmacological activities. Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, possesses a thiazole ring linked with 2-methylpyrimidine-4-amine as hydrochloride salt.Synthetic Route of C15H12N2S

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Renal cystic disease induced by diphenylthiazole was written by Gardner, Kenneth D. Jr.;Evan, Andrew P.. And the article was included in Kidney International in 1983.Electric Literature of C15H12N2S This article mentions the following:

Intranephron hydrostatic pressures were monitored while microperfusing proximal nephrons in diphenylthiazole (DPT)-exposed rat kidneys. Intranephron hydrostatic pressures rose with microperfusion and did so at lower rates of perfusion among DPT exposed nephrons, as compared to normal kidneys. Subsequent light and electron microscopic examination of DPT-exposed kidneys showed micropolyps partially occluding inner medullary and intrapapillary collecting ducts. DPT-induced renal cystic disease resembles other forms of chem. induced renal cystic disease in its functional and structural parameters except that micropolyp formation appears to occur nearer the papillary tip. Conditions in the DPT-exposed rat kidney resemble more closely those predicted by the partial obstruction rather than by the increased compliance hypothesis of renal cyst formation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,5-Diphenylthiazol-2-amine (cas: 6318-74-7Electric Literature of C15H12N2S).

4,5-Diphenylthiazol-2-amine (cas: 6318-74-7) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The higher aromaticity of thiazole is due to delocalization of a lone pair of sulfur electrons across the ring, which is evidenced by chemical shifts of ring hydrogen at δ 7.27 and 8.77 ppm (C2 and C4), indicating diamagnetic ring current. Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. Prominent is the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis is a reaction between haloketones and thioamides.Electric Literature of C15H12N2S

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Investigation of abiotic degradation of tire cryogrinds was written by Thomas, Jomin;Moosavian, Seyed Kasra;Cutright, Teresa;Pugh, Coleen;Soucek, Mark D.. And the article was included in Polymer Degradation and Stability in 2022.Related Products of 1843-21-6 This article mentions the following:

The abundance of microplastics found in the environment is a major cause of concern. Tire tread particles containing additives such as curing accelerators and antioxidants, can be a major source of elastomer pollution in the environment. Such tire particles combined with road pavement particles are referred to as tire and road wear particles, TRWP. The environmental availability from parent elastomers and the release of additives in the process of abiotic degradation were evaluated using freeze-thaw, wet-dry and accelerated UV-weathering experiments Acceleration factor determination tests were conducted to correlate UV-exposure to the natural aging in the environment. Freeze-thaw testing showed many additives such as di-Ph guanidine (DPG), benzothiazole sulfenamide (BTS) and para-phenylene diamine (6 PPD) as THF leachates and BTS transformation products. Further, UV exposure equivalent to 1.5 yr., 3 yr. and 5 yr. aging resulted in the formation a combination of ketones and carboxylic acids for styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), natural rubber (NR), and butadiene rubber-based tire cryogrinds. Attenuated total reflectance- Fourier- transform IR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to detect the degradation of the elastomers on UV-exposure while gas chromatog.-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was used as a nontargeted, suspect screening anal. technique. The degradation intermediates and leachates identified using GC-MS represents useful data for the life cycle anal. of the functional polymers and additives and their possibility of environmental release. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Phenylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 1843-21-6Related Products of 1843-21-6).

N-Phenylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 1843-21-6) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The higher aromaticity of thiazole is due to delocalization of a lone pair of sulfur electrons across the ring, which is evidenced by chemical shifts of ring hydrogen at δ 7.27 and 8.77 ppm (C2 and C4), indicating diamagnetic ring current. Thiazole sulfonation occurs only under forcing conditions: the action of oleum at 250 °C for 3 hours in the presence of mercury(II) sulfate leads to 65% formation of 5-thiazole sulfonic acid.Related Products of 1843-21-6

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Thiazoles. XI. The preparation of 2-amino-5-(phenylazo)thiazoles and the reductive scission of 2,2′-azothiazoles and 2-(phenylazo)thiazoles with phenylhydrazine was written by Beyer, Hans;Wolter, Gerhard. And the article was included in Chemische Berichte in 1952.Product Details of 6318-74-7 This article mentions the following:

A diazonium solution from 9.3 g. PhNH₂ buffered with AcONa added at 0° to 11.4 g. 2-amino-4-methylthiazole (I) gives 90.6% 2-amino-4-methyl-5-(phenylazo)thiazole (II), p-RC₆H₄N:N.C:CR’.N:C(NH₂).S (IIa, R = H, R’ = Me), orange needles, m. 184° (di-Ac derivative, prepared by heating 1.09 g. II with 3 cc. Ac₂O 1 h. on a water bath, fine yellow needles, m. 254-5°). 5-p-Tolylazo homolog (IIa, R = R’ = Me), 90.5%, long dark red columns from AcOEt-Me₂CO, m. 189-90°, or rhombic sepia leaflets from EtOH, m. 190-1° (di-Ac derivative, yellow needles, m. 251°); 5-p-nitrophenyl analog (IIa, R = NO₂, R’ = Me), 93.5%, fine dull red needles, m. 192° (di-Ac derivative, dark red leaflets, m. 206°). Coupling the diazonium compound from 17.2 g. p-H₂NC₆H₄SO₂NH₂ (III) with I gives 75% p-(2-amino-4-methyl-5-thiazolylazo)benzenesulfonamide (IIa R = SO₂NH₂, R’ = Me), m. 202° (di-Ac derivative, cubelike orange-yellow crystals, m. 223°). Coupling the diazonium salt from 9.3 g. PhNH₂ with 17.6 g. 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole gives 87.8% 2-amino-4-phenyl-5-(phenylazo)thiazole (IIa, R = H, R’ = Ph), fine felted cinnabar needles, m. 195° (di-Ac derivative, felted yellow needles, m. 214°); 5-p-tolylazo homolog (IIa, R = Me, R’ = Ph), 71.4%, fine felted red-orange needles, m. 200° (di-Ac derivative, long felted yellow needles, m. 217°); 5-p-nitrophenyl analog (IIa, R = NO₂, R’ = Ph), 90.8%, fine moss-green needles, m. 254° (Ac derivative, shiny dark green crystals, m. 293°); p-(2-amino-4-phenyl-5-thiazolylazo)benzenesulfonamide (IIa R = SO₂NH₂, R’ = Ph) 75%, bright red needles with a green surface sheen, m. 255° (di-Ac derivative, small cinnabar-red needles, m. 293°). Coupling the diazonium salt from 10.7 g. p-toluidine with 10 g. 2-aminothiazole (IV) gives 72% 2-amino-5-(p-tolylazo)thiazole (IIa, R = Me, R’ = H), small fine red needles, sintering 180°, m. 205° (di-Ac derivative, dark brown powder, m. 243°); coupling the diazonium salt from 17.2 g. III with 10 g. IV gives 75% p-(2-amino-5-thiazolylazo)benzene sulfonamide (IIa, R = SO₂NH₂, R’ = H), microcrystalline brown-yellow powder, m. 223° (di-Ac derivative, yellow-brown amorphous powder, m. 235°). Azothiazoles are reductively split by PhNHNH₂ to the corresponding NH₂ compounds Heating 3.7 g. di-Et 2,2′-azobis(4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate) and 10.8 g. PhNHNH₂ (V) slowly to 180° and keeping the mixture 5 min. at 180° and overnight at 20° give 78% Et 2-amino-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate, needles, m. 175-6°. Similarly, Et 2-phenylazo-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate and V give 90% of the 2-phenylhydrazino analog, rhombic leaflets, m. 194°, which, on further heating with V at 200° gives 72% 2-amino analog; in the same way, 2-phenylazo-4,5-diphenylthiazole gives the 2-amino compound, m. 186°. Heating 2,2′-azobis(4-phenylthiazole) or 2-phenylazo-4-phenylthiazole with V at 180° gives the corresponding hydrazo compounds which, on further heating at 220°, give 18 and 14% 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole, m. 147°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,5-Diphenylthiazol-2-amine (cas: 6318-74-7Product Details of 6318-74-7).

4,5-Diphenylthiazol-2-amine (cas: 6318-74-7) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole rings are planar and aromatic. Thiazoles are characterized by larger pi-electron delocalization than the corresponding oxazoles and have therefore greater aromaticity. The pyridine-type nitrogen in the thiazole ring deactivates the ring for electrophilic substitution reactions, which is further reduced in acid due to protonation of the thiazole ring.Product Details of 6318-74-7

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Microwave-Accelerated Solvent- and Catalyst-Free Synthesis of 4-Aminoaryl/alkyl-7-chloroquinolines and 2-Aminoaryl/alkylbenzothiazoles was written by Motiwala, Hashim F.;Kumar, Raj;Chakraborti, Asit K.. And the article was included in Australian Journal of Chemistry in 2007.Safety of N-Phenylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine This article mentions the following:

An efficient synthesis of 4-aminoaryl/alkyl-7-chloroquinolines, e.g., I (R = H, Me, MeO, F, Cl, Br, OH, Ac, CO₂Me or NO₂), and 2-aminoaryl/alkylbenzothiazoles has been developed by microwave-accelerated regioselective aromatic nucleophilic substitution of 4,7-dichloroquinoline and 2-chlorobenzothiazole with aromatic and aliphatic amines under solvent-free conditions in the absence of any added protic or Lewis acid catalyst. Chemoselective reaction with the amino group in preference to the phenolic hydroxy group was observed Thus, the treatment of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1 equivalent) with a mixture of aniline (2 equivalent) and phenol (2 equivalent) afforded exclusive formation of 4-aminophenyl-7-chloroquinoline. When 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1 equivalent) was sep. treated with 2-aminophenol (2 equivalent) and 4-aminophenol (2 equivalent), 4-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-7-chloroquinoline and 4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-7-chloroquinoline, resp., were formed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-Phenylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 1843-21-6Safety of N-Phenylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine).

N-Phenylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (cas: 1843-21-6) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The thiazole ring has been identified as a central feature of numerous natural products, perhaps the most famous example of which is epothilone. Electrophilic attack at nitrogen depends on the presence of electron density at nitrogen as well as the position and nature of substituent linked to the thiazole ring.Safety of N-Phenylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Synthesis and biological evaluation of analogs of the anti-tumor alkaloid naamidine A was written by Aberle, Nicholas;Catimel, Jenny;Nice, Edouard C.;Watson, Keith G.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2007.Synthetic Route of C15H12N2S This article mentions the following:

A small series of analogs, such as I [R⁴ = CH₂C₆H₄-4-OMe, C₆H₄-4-Cl, Ph, R⁵ = CH₂C₆H₄-4-OH; R⁴ = R⁵ = C₆H₄-4-OMe, C₆H₄-4-OH, Ph] and II, of the alkaloid naamidine A was synthesized and tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit mitogenesis in BaF/ERX cells. Replacement of the imidazole core of naamidine A with a thiazole was found to have only a minor effect on potency, and the 4-methoxybenzyl substituent of the natural product was shown to be unnecessary for activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,5-Diphenylthiazol-2-amine (cas: 6318-74-7Synthetic Route of C15H12N2S).

4,5-Diphenylthiazol-2-amine (cas: 6318-74-7) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles in peptides or their ability to bind proteins, DNA and RNA has led to many synthetic studies and new applications. The pyridine-type nitrogen in the thiazole ring deactivates the ring for electrophilic substitution reactions, which is further reduced in acid due to protonation of the thiazole ring.Synthetic Route of C15H12N2S

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica