Tag: 300-400

Construction of IL-13 Receptor alpha2-Targeting Resveratrol Nanoparticles against Glioblastoma Cells: Therapeutic Efficacy and Molecular Effects was written by Lin, Xiao-Min;Shi, Xiao-Xiao;Xiong, Le;Nie, Jun-Hua;Ye, Hai-Shan;Du, Jin-Zi;Liu, Jia. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2021.Computed Properties of C20H18N2O2S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common lethal primary brain malignancy without reliable therapeutic drugs. IL-13Rα2 is frequently expressed in GBMs as a mol. marker. Resveratrol (Res) effectively inhibits GBM cell growth but has not been applied in vivo because of its low brain bioavailability when administered systemically. A sustained-release and GBM-targeting resveratrol form may overcome this therapeutic dilemma. To achieve this goal, encapsulated Res 30 ± 4.8 nm IL-13Rα2-targeting nanoparticles (Pep-PP@Res) were constructed. UV spectrophotometry revealed prolonged Res release (about 25%) from Pep-PP@Res in 48 h and fluorescent confocal microscopy showed the prolonged intracellular Res retention time of Pep-PP@Res (>24 h) in comparison with that of free Res (<4 h) and PP@Res (<4 h). MTT and EdU cell proliferation assays showed stronger suppressive effects of Pep-PP@Res on rat C6 GBM cells than that of PP@Res (p = 0.024) and Res (p = 0.009) when used twice for 4 h/day. Pep-PP@Res had little toxic effect on normal rat brain cells. The in vivo anti-glioblastoma effects of Res can be distinctly improved in the form of Pep-PP@Res nanoparticles via activating JNK signaling, upregulating proapoptosis gene expression and, finally, resulting in extensive apoptosis. Pep-PP@Res with sustained release and GBM-targeting properties would be suitable for in vivo management of GBMs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one (cas: 38215-36-0Computed Properties of C20H18N2O2S).

3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one (cas: 38215-36-0) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The higher aromaticity of thiazole is due to delocalization of a lone pair of sulfur electrons across the ring, which is evidenced by chemical shifts of ring hydrogen at δ 7.27 and 8.77 ppm (C2 and C4), indicating diamagnetic ring current. The pyridine-type nitrogen in the thiazole ring deactivates the ring for electrophilic substitution reactions, which is further reduced in acid due to protonation of the thiazole ring.Computed Properties of C20H18N2O2S

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Thoc1 deficiency leads to late-onset nonsyndromic hearing loss through p53-mediated hair cell apoptosis was written by Zhang, Luping;Gao, Yu;Zhang, Ru;Sun, Feifei;Cheng, Cheng;Qian, Fuping;Duan, Xuchu;Wei, Guanyun;Sun, Cheng;Pang, Xiuhong;Chen, Penghui;Chai, Renjie;Yang, Tao;Wu, Hao;Liu, Dong. And the article was included in PLoS Genetics in 2020.Reference of 63208-82-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

By genome-wide linkage anal. and whole exome sequencing, we identified a heterozygous p.L183V variant in THOC1 as the probable cause of the late-onset, progressive, non-syndromic hearing loss in a large family with autosomal dominant inheritance. Thoc1, a member of the conserved multisubunit THO/TREX ribonucleoprotein complex, is highly expressed in mouse and zebrafish hair cells. The thoc1 knockout (thoc1 mutant) zebrafish generated by gRNA-Cas9 system lacks the C-startle response, indicative of the hearing dysfunction. Both Thoc1 mutant and knockdown zebrafish have greatly reduced hair cell numbers, while the latter can be rescued by embryonic microinjection of human wild-type THOC1 mRNA but to significantly lesser degree by the c.547C>G mutant mRNA. The Thoc1 deficiency resulted in marked apoptosis in zebrafish hair cells. Consistently, transcriptome sequencing of the mutants showed significantly increased gene expression in the p53-associated signaling pathway. Depletion of p53 or applying the p53 inhibitor Pifithrin-α significantly rescued the hair cell loss in the Thoc1 knockdown zebrafish. Our results suggested that THOC1 deficiency lead to late-onset, progressive hearing loss through p53-mediated hair cell apoptosis. This is to our knowledge the first human disease associated with THOC1 mutations and may shed light on the mol. mechanism underlying the age-related hearing loss. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2Reference of 63208-82-2).

2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles frequently appear in peptide studies. Thiazoles can also be used as protected formyl groups, which can be released in later stages of complex natural product synthesis. The pyridine-type nitrogen in the thiazole ring deactivates the ring for electrophilic substitution reactions, which is further reduced in acid due to protonation of the thiazole ring.Reference of 63208-82-2

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Development of poly(p-coumaric acid) as a self-anticancer nanocarrier for efficient and biosafe cancer therapy was written by Wang, Liying;You, Xinru;Dai, Chunlei;Fang, Yifen;Wu, Jun. And the article was included in Biomaterials Science in 2022.Computed Properties of C20H18N2O2S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Using biocompatible polymers with potential therapeutic activity is an appealing strategy for the development of new functional drug carriers. In this study, we report the synthesis of therapeutic poly(p-coumaric acid) (PCA) from p-coumaric acid, a common plant phenolic acid with multiple bioactivities. The prepared PCA was formulated into nanoparticles (NPs) using the nanopptn. method and docetaxel (DTX) was encapsulated to form DTX-loaded PCA NPs (DTX@PCA NPs). Their potential as a nanocarrier for anticancer drug delivery was systematically evaluated. The DTX@PCA NPs not only had a small particle size and good stability, but also exhibited superior in vitro anticancer activity, anti-metastasis ability compared with free drugs, and preferable cellular uptake by tumor cells. In addition, the three-dimensional tumor spheroid assay revealed the effective tumor penetration and anticancer activity of the DTX@PCA NPs. Importantly, the DTX@PCA NPs preferentially accumulated in tumors and prolonged systemic circulation, significantly inhibiting tumor growth in vivo and simultaneously attenuating the side effects of DTX. Interestingly, the blank PCA NPs themselves also exhibited addnl. tumor suppression activity to some extent with high biosafety, further indicating the significant potential of PCA as a novel self-therapeutic nanocarrier for anticancer drug delivery and enhanced cancer therapy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one (cas: 38215-36-0Computed Properties of C20H18N2O2S).

3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one (cas: 38215-36-0) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The higher aromaticity of thiazole is due to delocalization of a lone pair of sulfur electrons across the ring, which is evidenced by chemical shifts of ring hydrogen at δ 7.27 and 8.77 ppm (C2 and C4), indicating diamagnetic ring current.Various laboratory methods exist for the organic synthesis of thiazoles. For example, 2,4-dimethylthiazole is synthesized from thioacetamide and chloroacetone.Computed Properties of C20H18N2O2S

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

JIB-04 induces cell apoptosis via activation of the p53/Bcl-2/caspase pathway in MHCC97H and HepG2 cells was written by Liao, Weiguo;Liu, Jie;Liu, Bin;Huang, Xiaojie;Yin, Yongxin;Cai, De;Li, Mingyi;Zhu, Runzhi. And the article was included in Oncology Reports in 2018.Safety of 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide The following contents are mentioned in the article:

JIB-04 is a structurally unique small mol., known to exhibit anticancer activity and to inhibit the growth of human lung cancer and prostate cancer cell lines. However, the anticancer effect of JIB-04 against human hepatic carcinoma, and its underlying mechanisms, are still unclear. In the present study, MHCC97H and HepG2 cells were employed to investigate the anticancer effects of JIB-04 on cell viability and apoptosis. Annexin V/PI staining, a CCK-8 assay and western blot anal. demonstrated that JIB-04 induced apoptosis in MHCC97H and HepG2 cells, which was evidenced by the expression of proapoptotic and apoptotic proteins including p53, Bak, Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9. Subsequently, the expression trends of Bcl-2 and p53 were reversed after co-treatment with pifithrin-α (PFT-α, a p53 inhibitor). The results revealed that JIB-04 suppressed the cell viability of MHCC97H and HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, it was also demonstrated that JIB-04 effectively triggered MHCC97H and HepG2 cell apoptosis by downregulating Bcl-2/Bax expression, and upregulating proapoptotic and apoptotic protein expression via the p53/Bcl2/caspase signaling pathway. JIB-04 had effects on the inhibition of cell viability and the induction of apoptosis in MHCC97H and HepG2 cells. The underlying mechanism of action of JIB-04 was associated with the p53/Bcl-2/caspase signaling pathway. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2Safety of 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide).

2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles in peptides or their ability to bind proteins, DNA and RNA has led to many synthetic studies and new applications. The pyridine-type nitrogen in the thiazole ring deactivates the ring for electrophilic substitution reactions, which is further reduced in acid due to protonation of the thiazole ring.Safety of 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Genistein encapsulated inulin-stearic acid bioconjugate nanoparticles: Formulation development, characterization and anticancer activity was written by Jangid, Ashok Kumar;Solanki, Raghu;Patel, Sunita;Pooja, Deep;Kulhari, Hitesh. And the article was included in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules in 2022.Quality Control of 3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Achieving controlled and site-specific delivery of hydrophobic drugs in the colon environment is a major challenge. The primary goal of this research was to synthesize inulin-stearic acid (INU-SA) conjugate and to evaluate its potential in the site-specific delivery of genistein (GEN) for the treatment of colon cancer. INU is a hydrophilic polysaccharide biol. macromol. was modified with hydrophobic SA to form amphiphilic conjugate (INU-SA) which can self-assemble into spherical nanoparticles with interesting drug release properties. The hydrophobic GEN was encapsulated into the INU-SA conjugate to prepare GEN loaded nanoparticles (GNP). The prepared GNP possessed nano size (115 nm), good colloidal dispersibility (0.066 PDI), and high drug encapsulation efficiency (92.2%). The release behavior of GNP indicated the site-specific release of GEN, only 3.4% at gastric pH while 94% at intestinal pH. The prepared GNP showed potential cytotoxicity against HCT 116 human colorectal cancer cells, as demonstrated by antiproliferation and apoptosis assays. The observed half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of GNP (5.5μg/mL) was significantly lower than pure GEN (28.2μg/mL) due to higher cellular internalization of GNP than free GEN. Therefore, this research suggests a way to improve the therapeutic effectiveness of natural biomols. using modified and biocompatible polysaccharide INU. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one (cas: 38215-36-0Quality Control of 3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one).

3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one (cas: 38215-36-0) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The higher aromaticity of thiazole is due to delocalization of a lone pair of sulfur electrons across the ring, which is evidenced by chemical shifts of ring hydrogen at δ 7.27 and 8.77 ppm (C2 and C4), indicating diamagnetic ring current. The nitrogen in thiazole is sp2 hybridized and the lone pair of electrons localized on the nitrogen is less reactive due to increased aromatic character and decreased basicity. It is protonated and alkylated/acylated at nitrogen forming hydrochloride and quaternary thiazolium salt.Quality Control of 3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Pifithrin-α enhancing anticancer effect of topotecan on p53-expressing cancer cells was written by Guo, Jianli;Tang, Qin;Wang, Qingling;Sun, Wenhui;Pu, Zhongji;Wang, Jingyun;Bao, Yongming. And the article was included in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2019.COA of Formula: C16H19BrN2OS The following contents are mentioned in the article:

P53 is generally known as an effective anti-cancer mol., but it is lost or mutated in more than 50% of human tumors. It is still a controversial issue whether the activity of p53 really benefits for treating cancers, we wondered what would happen if the endogenous p53 was inhibited before treated with topotecan (TPT) on p53 pos. tumor cells. In this study, pifithrin-α (PFTα), a p53 inhibitor, was used 2 h before treated with TPT on three kinds of cancer cell lines including MCF7, BGC823 and HepG2 cells. The IC50s of TPT for MCF7, BGC823 and HepG2 cells after 10μΜ PFTα pretreated, was 4.8 to 14.4 folds lower than the effect of TPT alone. It was demonstrated that PFTα decreases the p-p53 levels and p-p53 activity, not affects p53 expression in p53 pos. tumor cells. PFTα enhanced anticancer effect of TPT on cells was found mainly by two ways. Firstly, it increased the TPT accumulation in cells and nucleus and promoted the inhibition of TPT on activity of Topo I, and induced more DNA damage. Secondly, PFTα decreased formation of p53/mdm2 complex responsible for p53 degradation by inhibiting the protein expression of mdm2, so p53 degradation was decreased in cytoplasm and p53 accumulation was increased in nucleus, which induced more cells undergo apoptosis. So, the crosstalk between p53 and TPT played a pivotal role for enhancing anticancer effects of PFTα and TPT on p53 pos. cancer cells. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2COA of Formula: C16H19BrN2OS).

2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The thiazole ring has been identified as a central feature of numerous natural products, perhaps the most famous example of which is epothilone. The nitrogen in thiazole is sp2 hybridized and the lone pair of electrons localized on the nitrogen is less reactive due to increased aromatic character and decreased basicity. It is protonated and alkylated/acylated at nitrogen forming hydrochloride and quaternary thiazolium salt.COA of Formula: C16H19BrN2OS

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Efficacy of mimetic viral dynein binding peptide binding nanoparticles in blood-brain barrier model was written by Liu, Nan;Li, Mingyuan;Xie, Fang;Lv, Jiaqi;Gao, Xiaoyi;Zhang, Hui;Gao, Jing;Zheng, Aiping. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology in 2022.SDS of cas: 38215-36-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a tight barrier that protects stability of the central nervous system (CNS), however, the mechanism impedes the delivery of drugs to the CNS. The interactions between viral proteins and cytoplasmic dynein during infection have been found. In this study, the “linker (dynein binding peptide, DBP)” between virus and dynein was reformed and connected with nanoparticles to try to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Co-IP and intracellular studies with the designed peptides revealed their interactions with the dynein and their rapid uptake by bEnd.3 cells. And the DBP binding with the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) exhibited the best intracellular uptake. The peptides were conjucted with DSPE-PEG2000 and prepared to nanoparticles loaded with coumarin-6 (Cou-6). All of the prepared nanoparticles were around 25 nm in size, even though they had different modifications. The 10% DBP-CPP modified coumarin-6-loaded nanocarrier exhibited rapid intracellular distribution and cellular uptake. Transwell studies clearly showed the intercellular transport of the nanoparticles. The study is the first to combine DBP-CPP with a nanodelivery drug carrier and to apply it in a BBB model. The results of our in vitro studies results revealed that DBP can mediate permeation of nanoparticles across the BBB, which may serve as a clin. viable strategy for drug delivery in the brain. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one (cas: 38215-36-0SDS of cas: 38215-36-0).

3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one (cas: 38215-36-0) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazole rings are planar and aromatic. Thiazoles are characterized by larger pi-electron delocalization than the corresponding oxazoles and have therefore greater aromaticity. The pyridine-type nitrogen in the thiazole ring deactivates the ring for electrophilic substitution reactions, which is further reduced in acid due to protonation of the thiazole ring.SDS of cas: 38215-36-0

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Zearalenone induces endothelial cell apoptosis through activation of a cytosolic Ca²⁺/ERK1/2/p53/caspase 3 signaling pathway was written by Lee, Hyeon-Ju;Oh, Se-Young;Jo, Inho. And the article was included in Toxins in 2021.Category: thiazole The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin that has been reported to damage various types of cells/tissues, yet its effects on endothelial cells (ECs) have never been investigated. Therefore, this study investigates the potential effects of ZEN using bovine aortic ECs (BAECs). In this study, we found that ZEN induced apoptosis of BAECs through increased cleavage of caspase 3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). ZEN also increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p53, and treatment with the ERK1/2 or p53 inhibitor reversed ZEN-induced EC apoptosis. Transfection of BAECs with small interfering RNA against ERK1/2 or p53 revealed ERK1/2 as an upstream target of p53 in ZEN-stimulated apoptosis. ZEN increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), yet treatment with the antioxidant did not prevent EC apoptosis. Similarly, blocking of estrogen receptors by specific inhibitors also did not prevent ZEN-induced apoptosis. Finally, chelation of cytosolic calcium (Ca²⁺) using BAPTA-AM or inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca²⁺ channel using 2-APB reversed ZEN-induced EC apoptosis, but not by inhibiting ER stress using 4-PBA. Together, our findings demonstrate that ZEN induces EC apoptosis through an ERK1/2/p53/caspase 3 signaling pathway activated by Ca²⁺ release from the ER, and this pathway is independent of ROS production and estrogen receptor activation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2Category: thiazole).

2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles are a class of five-membered rings containing nitrogen and sulfur with excellent antitumor, antiviral and antibiotic activities. Electrophilic attack at nitrogen depends on the presence of electron density at nitrogen as well as the position and nature of substituent linked to the thiazole ring.Category: thiazole

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

“Guide” of muscone modification enhanced brain-targeting efficacy and anti-glioma effect of lactoferrin modified DTX liposomes was written by Qi, Na;Duan, Wenjuan;Gao, Duan;Ma, Ningzhu;Zhang, Jianguo;Feng, Jianfang;Li, Aimin. And the article was included in Bioengineering & Translational Medicine.Name: 3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Glioma is one of the most aggressive malignant diseases for human health. It is difficult to resect completely due to their invasiveness. The targeted delivery, as a noninvasive approach, is a major strategy for the development of treatments for brain tumors. Lactoferrin (Lf) receptors are over-expressed in both brain endothelial cells and glioma cells. Macromol. Lf modified nanoparticles have been shown to enhance the brain targeting. Muscone is a “guide” drug that have been demonstrated to promote liposomes into the brain by modification. To further enhance the brain-targeting efficacy of Lf modified carriers, we designed that Lf and muscone dual-modified liposomes cross blood-brain barrier (BBB) and target to brain for enhanced docetaxel (DTX) brain delivery. The results showed that we successfully prepared Lf and muscone dual-modified liposomes (Lf-LP-Mu-DTX), the number of Lf mols. connected to the surface of per liposome was 28. Lf-LP-Mu-DTX increased uptake in both U87-MG cells and hCMEC/D3 cells, enhanced penetration of U87-MG tumor spheroid and in vitro BBB model, had better in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects. In conclusion, “guide” of muscone modification enhanced brain-targeting efficacy of Lf modified liposomes, Lf and muscone dual-modified docetaxel loaded liposomes present a potential brain-targeting drug delivery system for use in the future treatment of gliomas. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one (cas: 38215-36-0Name: 3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one).

3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one (cas: 38215-36-0) belongs to thiazole derivatives. The thiazole ring is notable as a component of the vitamin thiamine (B1). Thiazole is a versatile building block for the construction and lead generation of new drug discoveries. Numerous diazole-based compounds are in clinical use as anticancer, antileukemic, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, antirheumatic, immunomodulator, and antiparasitic agents.Name: 3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Pifithrin-α Inhibits Neural Differentiation of Newborn Cells in the Subgranular Zone of the Dentate Gyrus at Initial Stages of Audiogenic Kindling in Krushinsky-Molodkina Rat Strain was written by Kulikov, A. A.;Nasluzova, E. V.;Dorofeeva, N. A.;Glazova, M. V.;Lavrova, E. A.;Chernigovskaya, E. V.. And the article was included in Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology in 2021.Electric Literature of C16H19BrN2OS The following contents are mentioned in the article:

We hypothesized that a proapoptotic protein p53 can be one of the possible therapeutic targets in treating epilepsy and its neurodegenerative consequences. In the present work, we used the Krushinsky-Molodkina (KM) inbred rats, which are genetically prone to audiogenic seizures (AGS). Audiogenic kindling, a commonly accepted model of epileptogenesis, induces epileptiform activity in the limbic system and cerebral cortex. In KM rats, it has been shown that 4 AGS lead to an increase in proliferation, aberrant migration of newborn cells to the hilus, and accelerated neural differentiation of these cells. We revealed abnormalities neither in apoptosis nor in autophagy levels at the initial stages of temporal lobe (limbic) epilepsy. Treatment with pifithrin-α, a chem. p53 inhibitor, did not change apoptosis and autophagy levels but caused an increase in proliferation and migration of newborn cells to the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus and to the hilus. However, a week after the last seizure, p53 inactivation entailed a decrease in the number of differentiating cells, as compared to the vehicle control group, despite a significant increase in the number of newborn cells. These data indicate a decrease in the neural differentiation rate of newborn cells, thus allowing pifitrin-α to be considered as a potential therapeutic agent to alleviate neurodegenerative disorders in epilepsy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2Electric Literature of C16H19BrN2OS).

2-(2-Imino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-3-yl)-1-p-tolylethanone Hydrobromide (cas: 63208-82-2) belongs to thiazole derivatives. Thiazoles frequently appear in peptide studies. Thiazoles can also be used as protected formyl groups, which can be released in later stages of complex natural product synthesis. Thiazole sulfonation occurs only under forcing conditions: the action of oleum at 250 °C for 3 hours in the presence of mercury(II) sulfate leads to 65% formation of 5-thiazole sulfonic acid.Electric Literature of C16H19BrN2OS

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica