Hedvat, Jessica et al. published new experimental results with the assistance of cas: 55981-09-4

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Hedvat, Jessica;Salerno, David M.;Kovac, Danielle;Scheffert, Jenna L.;Corbo, Heather;Chen, Justin K.;Choe, Jason Y.;Jennings, Douglas L.;Anamisis, Anastasia;Liu, Esther C.;Lee, Jennifer H.;Shertel, Tara;Lange, Nicholas W. published 《Nitazoxanide treatment for norovirus infection in solid organ transplant recipients》. The research results were published in《Clinical Transplantation》 in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate The article conveys some information:

A review. This was an IRB-approved, single-center retrospective study of all SOT recipients with GI PCR pos. for acute NV who either received nitazoxanide for NV or did not receive nitazoxanide between Jan., 2015 and August, 2019. A total of 195S OT recipients with GIPCR pos. for NV infection were screened; 52 patients who received nitazoxanide (nita+) were matched on the basis of transplant type and time post-transplant to 52 patients who had GIPCR pos. NV but did not receive nitazoxanide (nita-). These results suggest that nitazoxanide may improve symptoms from NV infection. To complete the study, the researchers used 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.Recommanded Product: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Ashigbie, Paul G et al. published new experimental results with the assistance of cas: 55981-09-4

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), an anthelmintic agent, exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans.Reference of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetateIn 2021, Ashigbie, Paul G;Shepherd, Susan;Steiner, Kevin L;Amadi, Beatrice;Aziz, Natasha;Manjunatha, Ujjini H;Spector, Jonathan M;Diagana, Thierry T;Kelly, Paul published 《Use-case scenarios for an anti-Cryptosporidium therapeutic.》. 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Cryptosporidium is a widely distributed enteric parasite that has an increasingly appreciated pathogenic role, particularly in pediatric diarrhea. While cryptosporidiosis has likely affected humanity for millennia, its recent “emergence” is largely the result of discoveries made through major epidemiologic studies in the past decade. There is no vaccine, and the only approved medicine, nitazoxanide, has been shown to have efficacy limitations in several patient groups known to be at elevated risk of disease. In order to help frontline health workers, policymakers, and other stakeholders translate our current understanding of cryptosporidiosis into actionable guidance to address the disease, we sought to assess salient issues relating to clinical management of cryptosporidiosis drawing from a review of the literature and our own field-based practice. This exercise is meant to help inform health system strategies for improving access to current treatments, to highlight recent achievements and outstanding knowledge and clinical practice gaps, and to help guide research activities for new anti-Cryptosporidium therapies. To complete the study, the researchers used 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), an anthelmintic agent, exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans.Reference of 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Cas: 55981-09-4 was involved in experiment | World Journal of Urology 2021

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been used: to test its anti-viral activity against chikungunya virus as an antiprotozoal agent to test its effect on cell viability in various cancer cell lines; to test its effect on human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infected human fibroblast HFF cellsCOA of Formula: C12H9N3O5S

Kiehl, Isis G. A.;Riccetto, Eduardo;Salustiano, Ana C. C.;Ossick, Marina V.;Ferrari, Karen L.;Assalin, Heloisa B.;Ikari, Osamu;Reis, Leonardo O. published 《Boosting bladder cancer treatment by intravesical nitazoxanide and bacillus calmette-guerin association》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《World Journal of Urology》. They have made some progress in their research.COA of Formula: C12H9N3O5S The article mentions the following:

Abstract: Purpose: Nitazoxanide (NTZ) has shown a promising antitumoral effect, the current study compared the anti-neoplastic effects of intravesical NTZ and BCG plus NTZ in NMIBC animal model. Methods: 30 rats, Fisher 344 were instilled with 4 intravesical doses of 1.5 mg/kg of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) every 15 days for BC induction. The animals were divided into 3 groups (Group BCG 106 UFC -1 mg of BCG; Group NTZ -300 mg/kg of NTZ; Group NTZ + BCG -simultaneous treatment of BCG and NTZ) and received weekly intravesical treatment for 6 consecutive weeks. Animals were submitted to ultrasound imaging and euthanasia, their bladders were collected and histopathol., immunohistochem. tests (ki67 e c-Myc) and Western Blotting (PI3K, mTOR, and p-4E-BP) were performed. Results: Histopathol. tests showed 66.67%, 62.5% and 37.5% incidence of BC in animals treated with BCG, NTZ, and NTZ + BCG, resp. Nuclear positivity for ki-67 in BC animals were 12.4%, 13.2% and 8.8% in BCG, NTZ and NTZ + BCG group, resp. Between animals with carcinoma, c-Myc strong pos. was 40.10% in NTZ, 32.2% in BCG and 19.90% in the NTZ + BCG group. Blotting has shown mTOR (p =0.0473) and PI3K inhibition (p = 0.0349) in the presence of BCG, added to 4-EBP inhibition in the presence of NTZ. Conclusions: Results show the possible synergy between the gold standard BC treatment BCG and NTZ, in which multiple targets inhibition such as c-Myc and downstream mTOR, p-4E-BP and PI3K might play a role. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been used: to test its anti-viral activity against chikungunya virus as an antiprotozoal agent to test its effect on cell viability in various cancer cell lines; to test its effect on human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infected human fibroblast HFF cellsCOA of Formula: C12H9N3O5S

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Cas: 55981-09-4 was involved in experiment | Scientific Reports 2022

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.Recommanded Product: 55981-09-4

Recommanded Product: 55981-09-4《Sorafenib and nitazoxanide disrupt mitochondrial function and inhibit regrowth capacity in three-dimensional models of hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma》 was published in 2022. The authors were Ek, Frida;Blom, Kristin;Selvin, Tove;Rudfeldt, Jakob;Andersson, Claes;Senkowski, Wojciech;Brechot, Christian;Nygren, Peter;Larsson, Rolf;Jarvius, Malin;Fryknaes, Maarten, and the article was included in《Scientific Reports》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Abstract: Quiescent cancer cells in malignant tumors can withstand cell-cycle active treatment and cause cancer spread and recurrence. Three-dimensional (3D) cancer cell models have led to the identification of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) as a context-dependent vulnerability. The limited treatment options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) metastatic to the liver include the multikinase inhibitors sorafenib and regorafenib. Off-target effects of sorafenib and regorafenib are related to OXPHOS inhibition; however the importance of this feature to the effect on tumor cells has not been investigated in 3D models. We began by assessing global transcriptional responses in monolayer cell cultures, then moved on to multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) and tumoroids generated from a CRC patient. Cells were treated with chemotherapeutics, kinase inhibitors, and the OXPHOS inhibitors. Cells grown in 3D cultures were sensitive to the OXPHOS inhibitor nitazoxanide, sorafenib, and regorafenib and resistant to other multikinase inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, nitazoxanide and sorafenib reduced viability, regrowth potential and inhibited mitochondrial membrane potential in an additive manner at clin. relevant concentrations This study demonstrates that the OXPHOS inhibition caused by sorafenib and regorafenib parallels 3D activity and can be further investigated for new combination strategies. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.Recommanded Product: 55981-09-4

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Lu, Zirui et al. published new progress in experiments with the help of cas: 55981-09-4

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), an anthelmintic agent, exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans.Related Products of 55981-09-4

Related Products of 55981-09-4《Structure-Activity Study of Nitazoxanide Derivatives as Novel STAT3 Pathway Inhibitors》 was published in 2021. The authors were Lu, Zirui;Li, Xiaona;Li, Kebin;Wang, Cong;Du, Tingting;Huang, Wei;Ji, Ming;Li, Changhong;Xu, Fengrong;Xu, Ping;Niu, Yan, and the article was included in《ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

We identified nitazoxanide (NTZ) as a moderate STAT3 pathway inhibitor through immunoblot anal. and a cell-based IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway activation assay. A series of thiazolide derivatives were designed and synthesized to further validate the thiazolide scaffold as STAT3 inhibitors. Eight out of 25 derivatives displayed potencies greater than that of NTZ, and their STAT3 pathway inhibitory activities were found to be significantly correlated with their antiproliferative activities in HeLa cells. Derivatives 15 and 24 were observed to be more potent than the pos. control WP1066, which is under phase I clin. trials. Compared with NTZ, 15(I) also exhibited much improved in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters in rats and efficacies against proliferations in multiple cancer cell lines, indicating a broad-spectrum effect of these thiazolides as antitumor agents targeted on STAT3. To complete the study, the researchers used 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), an anthelmintic agent, exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans.Related Products of 55981-09-4

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

AbdelGhaffar, Muhammad M. et al. published new progress in experiments with the help of cas: 55981-09-4

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been approved as an orphan drug for the treatment of diarrhea in children (age, 1–11 years) and is associated with giardiasis, but it also is approved for diarrhea caused by crytosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.Formula: C12H9N3O5S

Formula: C12H9N3O5SIn 2022, AbdelGhaffar, Muhammad M.;Omran, Dalia;Elgebaly, Ahmed;Bahbah, Eshak I.;Afify, Shimaa;AlSoda, Mohamed;El-Shiekh, Mohamed;ElSayed, Enass S.;Shaaban, Soha S.;AbdelHafez, Samah;Elkelany, Khaled;Eltayar, Ayman A.;Ali, Omnia S.;Kamal, Lamiaa;Heiba, Ahmed M.;El Askary, Ahmad;Shousha, Hend Ibrahim published 《Prediction of mortality in hospitalized Egyptian patients with Coronavirus disease-2019: A multicenter retrospective study》. 《PLoS One》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

A aimed to assess the epidemiol., clin., and laboratory characteristics associated with mortality among hospitalized Egyptian patients with COVID-19. A multicenter, retrospective study was conducted on all polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted through the period from Apr. to July 2020. A generalized linear model was reconstructed with covariates based on predictor’s statistical significance and clin. relevance. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated by using stepwise logistic regression modeling. A total of 3712 hospitalized patients were included; of them, 900 deaths were recorded (24.2%). Compared to survived patients, non-survived patients were more likely to be older than 60 years (65.7%), males (53.6%) diabetic (37.6%), hypertensive (37.2%), and had chronic renal insufficiency (9%). Non-survived patients were less likely to receive azithromycin (p <0.001), anticoagulants (p <0.001), and steroids (p <0.001). In this found that age ≥ 60 years old (OR = 2.82, 95% CI 2.05-3.86; p <0.0001), diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.14-2.19; p = 0.006), hypertension (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.22-2.36; p = 0.002), chronic renal insufficiency (OR = 3.15, 95% CI 1.84-5.38; p <0.0001), tachycardia (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.22-2.23; p <0.001), hypoxemia (OR = 5.69, 95% CI 4.05-7.98; p <0.0001), GCS <13 (OR 515.2, 95% CI 148.5-1786.9; p <0.0001), the use of therapeutic dose of anticoagulation (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.22-0.74, p = 0.003) and azithromycin (OR = 0.16, 95% CI 0.09-0.26; p <0.0001) were independent neg. predictors of mortality. In conclusion, age >60 years, comorbidities, tachycardia, hypoxemia, and altered consciousness level are independent predictors of mortality among Egyptian hospitalized patients with COVID-19. On the other hand, the use of anticoagulants and azithromycin is associated with reduced mortality.2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been approved as an orphan drug for the treatment of diarrhea in children (age, 1–11 years) and is associated with giardiasis, but it also is approved for diarrhea caused by crytosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.Formula: C12H9N3O5S

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Cas: 55981-09-4 was involved in experiment | Trials 2021

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.Recommanded Product: 55981-09-4

Olagunju, Adeniyi;Fowotade, Adeola;Olagunoye, Ajibola;Ojo, Temitope Olumuyiwa;Adefuye, Bolanle Olufunlola;Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis;Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi;Olagunju, Omobolanle Ibitayo;Ladipo, Olabode Taiwo;Akinloye, Abdulafeez;Adeagbo, Babatunde Ayodeji;Onayade, Adedeji;Bolaji, Oluseye Oladotun;Happi, Christian;Rannard, Steve;Owen, Andrew published 《Efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide plus atazanavir/ritonavir for the treatment of moderate to severe COVID-19 (NACOVID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial》. The research results were published in《Trials》 in 2021.Recommanded Product: 55981-09-4 The article conveys some information:

To investigate the efficacy and safety of repurposed antiprotozoal and antiretroviral drugs, nitazoxanide and atazanavir/ritonavir, in shortening the time to clin. improvement and achievement of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negativity in patients diagnosed with moderate to severe COVID-19. This is a pilot phase 2, multicentre 2-arm (1:1 ratio) open-label randomised controlled trial. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis (defined as SARS-CoV-2 PCR pos. nasopharyngeal swab) will be recruited from four participating isolation and treatment centers in Nigeria: two secondary care facilities (Infectious Diseases Hospital, Olodo, Ibadan, Oyo State and Specialist State Hospital, Asubiaro, Osogbo, Osun State) and two tertiary care facilities (Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State and Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State). These facilities have a combined capacity of 146-bed COVID-19 isolation and treatment ward. Confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCR test within two days before randomisation and initiation of treatment, age bracket of 18 and 75 years, symptomatic, able to understand study information and willingness to participate. Exclusion criteria include the inability to take orally administered medication or food, known hypersensitivity to any of the study drugs, pregnant or lactating, current or recent (within 24 h of enrolment) treatment with agents with actual or likely antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, concurrent use of agents with known or suspected interaction with study drugs, and requiring mech. ventilation at screening. Participants in the intervention group will receive 1000 mg of nitazoxanide twice daily orally and 300/100 mg of atazanvir/ritonavir once daily orally in addition to standard of care while participants in the control group will receive only standard of care. Standard of care will be determined by the physician at the treatment center in line with the current guidelines for clin. management of COVID-19 in Nigeria. Main outcome measures are: (1) Time to clin. improvement (defined as time from randomisation to either an improvement of two points on a 10-category ordinal scale (developed by the WHO Working Group on the Clin. Characterization and Management of COVID-19 infection) or discharge from the hospital, whichever came first); (2) Proportion of participants with SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) neg. result at days 2, 4, 6, 7, 14 and 28; (3) Temporal patterns of SARS-CoV-2 viral load on days 2, 4, 6, 7, 14 and 28 quantified by RT-PCR from saliva of patients receiving standard of care alone vs. standard of care plus study drugs. Randomisation: Allocation of participants to study arm is randomised within each site with a ratio 1:1 based on randomisation sequences generated centrally at Obafemi Awolowo University. The model was implemented in REDCap and includes stratification by age, gender, viral load at diagnosis and presence of relevant comorbidities. None, this is an open-label trial. 98 Patients (49 per arm). Regulatory approval was issued by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control on 06 Oct. 2020 (protocol version number is 2.1 dated 06 August 2020). Recruitment started on 9 Oct. 2020 and is anticipated to end before Apr. 2021. And 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) was used in the research process.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.Recommanded Product: 55981-09-4

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Journal of Molecular Modeling | Cas: 55981-09-4 was involved in experiment

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been approved as an orphan drug for the treatment of diarrhea in children (age, 1–11 years) and is associated with giardiasis, but it also is approved for diarrhea caused by crytosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.SDS of cas: 55981-09-4

SDS of cas: 55981-09-4In 2021, Omolabi, Kehinde F.;Iwuchukwu, Emmanuel A.;Agoni, Clement;Olotu, Fisayo A.;Soliman, Mahmoud E. S. published 《A probable means to an end: exploring P131 pharmacophoric scaffold to identify potential inhibitors of Cryptosporidium parvum inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase》. 《Journal of Molecular Modeling》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Compound P131 has been established to inhibit Cryptosporidium parvum′s inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (CpIMPDH). Its inhibitory activity supersedes that of paromomycin, which is extensively used in treating cryptosporidiosis. Through the per-residue energy decomposition approach, crucial moieties of P131 were identified and subsequently adopted to create a pharmacophore model for virtual screening in the ZINC database. This search generated eight ADMET-compliant hits that were examined thoroughly to fit into the active site of CpIMPDH via mol. docking. Three compounds ZINC46542062, ZINC58646829, and ZINC89780094, with favorable docking scores of – 8.3 kcal/mol, – 8.2 kcal/mol, and – 7.5 kcal/mol, were selected. The potential inhibitory mechanism of these compounds was probed using mol. dynamics simulation and Mol. Mechanics Generalized Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) analyses. Results revealed that one of the hits (ZINC46542062) exhibited a lower binding free energy of – 39.52 kcal/mol than P131, which had – 34.6 kcal/mol. Conformational perturbation induced by the binding of the identified hits to CpIMPDH was similar to P131, suggesting a similarity in inhibitory mechanisms. Also, in silico investigation of the properties of the hit compounds implied superior physicochem. properties with regards to their synthetic accessibility, lipophilicity, and number of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors in comparison with P131. ZINC46542062 was identified as a promising hit compound with the highest binding affinity to the target protein and favorable physicochem. and pharmacokinetic properties relative to P131. The identified compounds can serve as a basis for conducting further exptl. investigations toward the development of anticryptosporidials, which can overcome the challenges of existing therapeutic options. Graphical abstractP131 and the identified compounds docked in the NAD+ binding site of Cryptosporidium parvum IMPDH . And 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) was used in the research process.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4) has been approved as an orphan drug for the treatment of diarrhea in children (age, 1–11 years) and is associated with giardiasis, but it also is approved for diarrhea caused by crytosporidiosis in patients with AIDS.SDS of cas: 55981-09-4

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Farid, Alyaa et al. published new experimental results with the assistance of cas: 55981-09-4

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.Electric Literature of C12H9N3O5S

Electric Literature of C12H9N3O5SIn 2022, Farid, Alyaa;Yousry, Mona;Safwat, Gehan published 《Garlic (Allium sativum Linnaeus) improved inflammation and reduced cryptosporidiosis burden in immunocompromised mice》. 《Journal of Ethnopharmacology》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

For thousands of years, garlic (Allium sativum Linnaeus) has been consumed in food and health by numerous civilizations. Cryptosporidium (C.) parvum is an apicomplexan parasite that causes a gastrointestinal disease, with the most common symptoms being watery diarrhea. Although several substances have been tried for its anti-cryptosporidial action, there is no effective treatment for Cryptosporidium disease, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The present study aimed firstly to characterize the bio-active compounds in Allium sativum L. and secondly to evaluate its efficacy as a therapy for cryptosporidiosis especially in immunocompromised mice. This was accomplished by evaluating the parasitol. and histopathol. parameters in the exptl. infected immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice. Also, the cytokine profile during the exptl. time was recorded through the measuring of T helper (h)1, Th2 and Th17 cells cytokines. Immunosuppressed mice were given 0.25μg/g per day of dexamethasone orally, before infection with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, for fourteen consecutive days. Starting 10 days post infection (PI), nitazoxanide (100 mg/kg per day) or Allium sativum (50 mg/kg per day) was given orally for fourteen consecutive days. Our results showed that oocyst shedding, on the 32nd day PI, in immunocompromised infected group treated with Allium sativum (354.11, 99.35% PR) showed a significant decrease when compared to its corresponding group treated with nitazoxanide (4369.14, 92.05% PR). On the 32nd day PI, all cytokines levels have been decreased to levels that were similar to those of their uninfected corresponding control groups; also, the histopathol. changes and the loss in animals body weight had been improved. Treatment with nitazoxanide did not result in infection clearance or a reduction in the increased cytokines levels.Allium sativum L. displayed high efficacy as a potential therapeutic agent against Cryptosporidium, which supports its traditional usage in parasite diseases. And 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) was used in the research process.

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.Electric Literature of C12H9N3O5S

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Bobrowski, Tesia et al. published new progress in experiments with the help of cas: 55981-09-4

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.Computed Properties of C12H9N3O5S

Computed Properties of C12H9N3O5S《Synergistic and Antagonistic Drug Combinations against SARS-CoV-2》 was published in 2021. The authors were Bobrowski, Tesia;Chen, Lu;Eastman, Richard T.;Itkin, Zina;Shinn, Paul;Chen, Catherine Z.;Guo, Hui;Zheng, Wei;Michael, Sam;Simeonov, Anton;Hall, Matthew D.;Zakharov, Alexey V.;Muratov, Eugene N., and the article was included in《Molecular Therapy》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Antiviral drug development for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is occurring at an unprecedented pace, yet there are still limited therapeutic options for treating this disease. We hypothesized that combining drugs with independent mechanisms of action could result in synergy against SARS-CoV-2, thus generating better antiviral efficacy. Using in silico approaches, we prioritized 73 combinations of 32 drugs with potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 and then tested them in vitro. Sixteen synergistic and eight antagonistic combinations were identified; among 16 synergistic cases, combinations of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug nitazoxanide with remdesivir, amodiaquine, or umifenovir were most notable, all exhibiting significant synergy against SARS-CoV-2 in a cell model. However, the combination of remdesivir and lysosomotropic drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine, demonstrated strong antagonism. Overall, these results highlight the utility of drug repurposing and preclin. testing of drug combinations for discovering potential therapies to treat COVID-19. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate (cas: 55981-09-4) .

2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate(cas: 55981-09-4), a thiazolide compound, is a antiparasitic drug with structure similar to niclosamide.Computed Properties of C12H9N3O5S

Reference:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica