Tag: 500-600

《Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction and the antioxidant activities of Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia)》 was published in Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science in 2021. These research results belong to Ikhtiarini, Asefin Nurul; Setyaningsih, Widiastuti; Rafi, Mohamad; Aminah, Nanik Siti; Insanu, Muhamad; Irnawati, Irnawati; Rohman, Abdul. HPLC of Formula: 30931-67-0 The article mentions the following:

Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia) is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and has been reported to possess many bioactive compounds that are beneficial for human health, including polyphenolics having antioxidant activities. The objective of this study was (1) to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of Sidaguri and (2) to evaluate antioxidant activities of extracts resulting from the optimized condition using radical scavenging assay of 2,2′-diphenil-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid. The optimum UAE conditions obtained were solvent to solid ratio of 26:1, temperature of extraction of 45.45°C, methanol concentration of 42%, power of sonication of 86%, and time of extraction of 5 min. Sidaguri obtained from locations of Kretek and Ngemplak had the highest radical scavenging activity accounting for 83.69% ± 0.30% and 82.95% ± 0.49%, resp.ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0HPLC of Formula: 30931-67-0) was used in this study.

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. To avoid the problem of multiple alkylation, methods have been devised for “blocking” substitution so that only one alkyl group is introduced. The Gabriel synthesis is one such method; it utilizes phthalimide, C6H4(CO)2NH, whose one acidic hydrogen atom has been removed upon the addition of a base such as KOH to form a salt.HPLC of Formula: 30931-67-0

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Zhang, Yifei; Hess, Henry published an article on January 7 ,2020. The article was titled 《Inhibitors in Commercially Available 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) Affect Enzymatic Assays》, and you may find the article in Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States).Computed Properties of C18H24N6O6S4 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

ABTS, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate), is a common chromogenic substrate for peroxidase enzymes, which are widely used in biochem. research and diagnostic tests. We discovered that impurities in the com. available ABTS significantly affect the results of peroxidase activity assays. We show that the impurities inhibit the activity of the peroxidases and the influence varies for different batches of ABTS from the same source. The inhibition of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is uncompetitive for the substrate H2O2 while it is competitive for the substrate ABTS. By using high-resolution mass spectrometry, potential inhibitors were identified to be precursors or analogs of ABTS. The inhibitors are also capable of inhibiting the GOx-catalyzed reduction of the ABTS radical cation by glucose in anaerobic conditions. As the inhibition is found to be pH-dependent, diagnostic applications, such as ELISA tests based on the peroxidase-H2O2-ABTS system, should be carried out at pH 4.4 to minimize the inhibitory effect of potentially present impurities. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Computed Properties of C18H24N6O6S4)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Primary amines having a tertiary alkyl group (R3CNH2) are difficult to prepare with most methods but are made industrially by the Ritter reaction. In this method a tertiary alcohol reacts with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the presence of a concentrated strong acid; a formamide, RNH―CHO, is formed first, which then undergoes hydrolysis.Computed Properties of C18H24N6O6S4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

The author of 《Serbian aromatized wine “”Bermet””: electrochemical, chemiluminescent and spectrophotometric determination of antioxidant activity》 were Gorjanovic, Stanislava Z.; Pastor, Ferenc T.; Loupassaki, Sofia; Veljovic, Mile; Vukosavljevic, Predrag; Zlatanovic, Snezana; Pezo, Lato. And the article was published in Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society in 2020. HPLC of Formula: 30931-67-0 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Serbian aromatized wine “”Bermet”” from grapes grown on Fruska Gora Mountain has been in production since the 15th century. Ten com. Bermets produced according to the traditional procedure by different manufacturers, and six prepared within the scope of this study were assessed for antioxidant (AO) activity using electrochem., chemiluminescent and spectrophotometric AO assays. D.c. polarog. assay based on the decrease of anodic current of [hydrogen(peroxido)(1-)]hydroxidomercury(II) complex formation in alk. H2O2 solution at potential of mercury oxidation, chemiluminescent H2O2 scavenging assay, as well as commonly used spectrophotometric assays (2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) based Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) were used. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The results obtained were correlated using regression anal., ANOVA and F-test. An integrated approach to AO capacity determination allowed a more comprehensive comparison between samples. The approach is based on the introduction of the relative antioxidant capacity index, calculated by assigning each AO assay equal weight, and by PCA anal. In addition, the introduction of phenolic antioxidant coefficients, calculated as the ratio between individual AO capacity and TPC, enabled a better understanding of their relation. After reading the article, we found that the author used ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0HPLC of Formula: 30931-67-0)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. To avoid the problem of multiple alkylation, methods have been devised for “blocking” substitution so that only one alkyl group is introduced. The Gabriel synthesis is one such method; it utilizes phthalimide, C6H4(CO)2NH, whose one acidic hydrogen atom has been removed upon the addition of a base such as KOH to form a salt.HPLC of Formula: 30931-67-0

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Piechowiak, Tomasz; Skora, Bartosz; Sowa, Patrycja published their research in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture on February 28 ,2022. The article was titled 《Changes in the activity of flavanone 3β-hydroxylase in blueberry fruit during storage in ozone-enriched atmosphere》.HPLC of Formula: 30931-67-0 The article contains the following contents:

The present study aimed to determine whether the ozonation process affects the flavonoid biosynthesis in highbush blueberry (Vaccinum corymbosum L.) fruit. Flavanone 3β-hydroxylase (F3H) was used as a marker of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. The activity of F3H, the expression of gene encoding F3H and the antioxidant status in blueberries treated with ozone at a concentration of 15 ppm for 30 min, every 12 h of storage, and maintained at 4°C for 4 wk were investigated. The results showed that ozonation process increases the expression of the F3H gene after 1 wk of storage, which translates into a higher catalytic capacity of protein, as well as a higher content of flavonoids and total antioxidant potential of ozonated blueberries compared to non-ozonated fruits. The present study provides exptl. evidence indicating that ozone treatment in proposed process conditions pos. affects flavonoid metabolism in highbush blueberry fruit leading to the maintainance of the high quality of the fruit during storage. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0HPLC of Formula: 30931-67-0)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Reduction of nitro compounds, RNO2, by hydrogen or other reducing agents produces primary amines cleanly (i.e., without a mixture of products), but the method is mostly used for aromatic amines because of the limited availability of aliphatic nitro compounds. Reduction of nitriles and oximes (R2C=NOH) also yields primary amines.HPLC of Formula: 30931-67-0

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

In 2021,Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology included an article by Sriset, Yollada; Chatuphonprasert, Waranya; Jarukamjorn, Kanokwan. Computed Properties of C18H24N6O6S4. The article was titled 《In vitro antioxidant potential of Mallotus repandus (Willd.) Muell. Arg stem extract and its active constituent bergenin》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Mallotus repandus (MR) is used in Thai traditional medicine recipes for anti-inflammation and adaptive homeostasis. Bergenin is the bioactive constituent in MR stem. This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant activity of bergenin and the methanol, ethanol, and water extracts of MR stem prepared by maceration and Soxhlet extraction by assaying 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS•+), hydroxyl (•OH), superoxide (•O2), and nitric oxide (NO•) radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Bergenin had the highest ferric reducing power and all the MR extracts showed concentration-dependent ferric reducing power. Methanol and water extracts showed superior radical scavenging activities compared to ethanol extract The water and methanol Soxhlet extracts demonstrated the highest ABTS•+ and •OH radical scavenging activities, resp., and the macerated water extract had the lowest •O2 and NO•; IC50 values. Therefore, MR stem and bergenin are promising natural candidates for developing antioxidant supplements. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Computed Properties of C18H24N6O6S4)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Many important products require amines as part of their syntheses. Methylamine is utilized in the production of the analgesic meperidine (trade name Demerol) and the photographic developer Metol (trademark), and dimethylamine is used in the synthesis of the antihistamine diphenhydramine (trade name Benadryl), the solvent dimethylformamide (DMF), and the rocket propellant 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. The synthesis of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) incorporates diethylamine while that of the synthetic fibre Kevlar requires aromatic amines.Computed Properties of C18H24N6O6S4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Reference of ABTS DiammoniumOn October 31, 2021 ,《Optimization conditions of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from orange peels using response surface methodology》 appeared in Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. The author of the article were Shehata, Mohamed G.; Abd El Aziz, Nourhan M.; Youssef, Mohamed M.; El-Sohaimy, Sobhy A.. The article conveys some information:

This study focused on optimizing the extraction conditions of bioactive compounds from orange peels using response surface methodol. (RSM) to decrease the number of exptl. trials and increase the yield of bioactive compounds Ultrasonic extraction time, extraction temperature, and ethanol concentration have been optimized. Twenty exptl. trials have been carried out to optimize the extraction conditions. The RSM results showed that the extraction temperature and ethanol concentration had a remarkable effect on the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity. The optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were 44 min extraction time, 50°C extraction temperature, and 57.7% ethanol concentration Under these optimal conditions, TPC and TFC were 292.158μg GAE/g and 191.144μg catechol/g, resp., whereas antioxidant activities were 5.199 and 2.96μg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-60-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, resp. RSM saves the extraction time and effective for optimizing extraction conditions with the highest efficiency and yield. The findings of the current work emphasized usefulness of ultrasound assisted extraction for elevation the extraction efficiency with decreasing the extraction time. The extraction temperature and ethanol concentration are the main effective factors of extraction efficiency. The optimal extraction time was 44 min at 50°C extraction temperature, and the optimal ethanol concentration was 57.7%. These optimal conditions were giving the highest yield of TPC and TFC that were 292.158μg GAE/g and 191.144μg catechol/g. These novel optimized extraction conditions could be useful in different food and pharmaceutical applications. After reading the article, we found that the author used ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Reference of ABTS Diammonium)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Amines can be classified according to the nature and number of substituents on nitrogen. Aliphatic amines contain only H and alkyl substituents. Aromatic amines have the nitrogen atom connected to an aromatic ring.Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline. Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called amines, such as monochloramine (NClH2).Reference of ABTS Diammonium

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

《Development of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) Using Pumpkin and Kenaf Seed Oils with Potential Photoprotective and Antioxidative Properties》 was written by Chu, Chee Chin; Tan, Chin Ping; Nyam, Kar Lin. Related Products of 30931-67-0 And the article was included in European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology in 2019. The article conveys some information:

Both pumpkin and kenaf seed oil with carnauba wax (CW) and beeswax (BW) are used to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with Uvinul T150 and Uvinul A Plus Granular for a UV protection formulation. The study aims to optimize the concentration and the type of seed oil in order to develop a stable NLC formulation with high entrapment efficiency, drug loading, antioxidant activities, and UV absorbing properties. The phys. properties of the NLCs are analyzed based on the mean particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), long-term storage stability, Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). They are also compared for their entrapment efficiency, drug loading, in vitro antioxidant activities, and in vitro UV absorbing properties. The optimized NLC consists of 10% lipid phase and 1% Uvinul T150 and Uvinul A Plus Granular, resp. It has mean particle size of 238.20 ± 3.61 nm and remains phys. stable on storage at both 25 ± 2 and 40 ± 2°C. Spherical amorphous NLC structure with encapsulated UV filters is observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Besides, it shows high entrapment efficiency (≥p95%) for both Uvinul T150 and Uvinul A Plus Granular in addition to its antioxidant activities as indicated by both DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. In addition, the formulation had high UV absorbing properties, showing its potential to be utilized in the formation of sunscreen prototype. The preliminary study on pumpkin and kenaf seed oil shows bioactive potential with high antioxidant activities. The finding of kenaf seed oil-NLC can be applied in the cosmetic industry to produce a wide variety of environmental-friendly products with improved stability and beneficial properties. Also, the application of technol. by forming NLCs can be used to develop lotions, creams, etc. with multifunctional properties. Besides, NLCs as carriers for UV filters is proven in the present study to exhibit high entrapment efficiency and drug loading properties. This is beneficial in developing advanced cosmetic prototypes that possess broad spectrum effectiveness with fewer side effects. Nanostructure lipid carriers (NLCs) are applied to encapsulate UV filters with pumpkin and kenaf seed oils. Kenaf seed oil-NLC (F7) is selected as the best formulation for UV filters encapsulation. With spherical amorphous NLC structure, it shows high entrapment efficiency for the UV filters and antioxidant activities. Results indicate that F7 with high UV absorbing properties remains phys. stable upon 12 wk of storage period. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Related Products of 30931-67-0)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Amine, any member of a family of nitrogen-containing organic compounds that is derived, either in principle or in practice, from ammonia (NH3). Naturally occurring amines include the alkaloids, which are present in certain plants; the catecholamine neurotransmitters (i.e., dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine); and a local chemical mediator, histamine, that occurs in most animal tissues.Related Products of 30931-67-0

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

The author of 《Oxidation of Various Kraft Lignins with a Bacterial Laccase Enzyme》 were Mayr, Sebastian A.; Subagia, Raditya; Weiss, Renate; Schwaiger, Nikolaus; Weber, Hedda K.; Leitner, Johannes; Ribitsch, Doris; Nyanhongo, Gibson S.; Guebitz, Georg M.. And the article was published in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2021. Related Products of 30931-67-0 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Modification of kraft lignin (KL), traditionally uses harsh and energy-demanding phys. and chem. processes. In this study, the potential of the bacterial laccase CotA (spore coating protein A) for oxidation of KL under mild conditions was assessed. Thereby, the efficiency of CotA to oxidize both softwood and hardwood KL of varying purity at alk. conditions was examined For the resp. type of wood, the highest oxidation activity by CotA was determined for the medium ash content softwood KL (MA_S) and the medium ash content hardwood KL (MA_H), resp. By an up to 95% decrease in fluorescence and up to 65% in phenol content coupling of the structural lignin units was indicated. These results correlated with an increase in viscosity and mol. weight, which increased nearly 2 and 20-fold for MA_H and about 1.3 and 6.0-fold for MA_S, resp. Thus, this study confirms that the CotA laccase can oxidize a variety of KL at alk. conditions, while the origin and purity of KL were found to have a major impact on the efficiency of oxidation Under the herein tested conditions, it was observed that the MA_H KL showed the highest susceptibility to CotA oxidation when compared to the other hardwood KLs and the softwood KLs. Therefore, this could be a viable method to produce sustainable resins and adhesives. The experimental process involved the reaction of ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Related Products of 30931-67-0)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Many important products require amines as part of their syntheses. Methylamine is utilized in the production of the analgesic meperidine (trade name Demerol) and the photographic developer Metol (trademark), and dimethylamine is used in the synthesis of the antihistamine diphenhydramine (trade name Benadryl), the solvent dimethylformamide (DMF), and the rocket propellant 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. The synthesis of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) incorporates diethylamine while that of the synthetic fibre Kevlar requires aromatic amines.Related Products of 30931-67-0

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Ghavidel Hajiagha, N.; Mahmoudi, A.; Sazegar, M. Reza; Pouramini, Mostafa M. published an article on January 15 ,2019. The article was titled 《Synthesis of cobalt-modified MSN as a model enzyme: Evaluation of the peroxidatic performance》, and you may find the article in Microporous and Mesoporous Materials.Category: thiazole The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The cobalt incorporated mesoporous silica nanomaterials (Co-MSN) with different ratios of Si/Co in the framework were synthesized. The as-obtained products were characterized by x-ray diffraction anal. (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), field emission SEM (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption/desorption (BET) and UV-visible spectroscopic techniques. The effect of the various content of Co incorporated into the framework on the catalytic activity was studied. The Co-MSN samples exhibited an excellent catalytic activity toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the oxidation of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) as a chromogenic substrate and followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. It means that they have intrinsic peroxidase-like activity. The Co-MSN catalyst with Si/Co=75 (as the optimum ratio), has the higher affinity to ABTS and H2O2 and higher catalytic efficiency. These features made this nanocatalyst suitable to apply for the determination of H2O2 and glucose. The linear range for detecting H2O2 was from 22.5μM to 0.2mM with a detection limit of 6.7μM. Coupled with glucose oxidase, the Co-MSN(75) was successfully used for the determination of glucose with the linear range of 11.6μM-0.1mM and a detection limit of 3.5μM. In addition to this study using ABTS Diammonium, there are many other studies that have used ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Category: thiazole) was used in this study.

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxy acids generally add an oxygen atom to the nitrogen of amines. With primary amines, this step is normally followed by further oxidation, leading to nitroso compounds, RNO, or nitro compounds, RNO2. Secondary amines are converted to hydroxylamines, R2NOH, and tertiary amines to amine oxides, R3NO.Category: thiazole

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Computed Properties of C18H24N6O6S4On November 30, 2019 ,《The multicopper oxidase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MmcO) exhibits ferroxidase activity and scavenges reactive oxygen species in activated THP-1 cells》 appeared in International Journal of Medical Microbiology. The author of the article were Kinkar, Eyad; Kinkar, Ayat; Saleh, Mazen. The article conveys some information:

The MmcO protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a membrane-associated multicopper oxidase. Its natural substrate(s) and its role in pathogenesis are not well characterized. A recent report proposes that MmcO contributes to copper resistance in M. tuberculosis during infection. We have expressed and reconstituted the active enzyme from inclusion bodies in E. coli. MmcO exhibits maximal activity against the exptl. substrate 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) or ABTS, at pH 4. The enzyme also exhibits ferroxidase activity at pH 4. Most notable was the finding that MmcO is able to scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase enzyme system. This ROS scavenging activity of MmcO was also evident against ROS generated by THP-1 cells. We propose that MmcO protects M. tuberculosis during infection against ROS attack in addition to providing copper resistance to the pathogen. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0Computed Properties of C18H24N6O6S4)

ABTS Diammonium(cas: 30931-67-0) belongs to anime. Amines have a free lone pair with which they can coordinate to metal centers. Amine–metal bonds are weaker because amines are incapable of backbonding, but they are still important for sensing applications.While stronger than hydrogen bonds, amine–metal bonds are still weaker than both covalent and ionic bonds.Computed Properties of C18H24N6O6S4

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica