Tag: M.W=100-150

Widler, Leo; Jaeggi, Knut A.; Glatt, Markus; Mueller, Klaus; Bachmann, Rolf; Bisping, Michael; Born, Anne-Ruth; Cortesi, Reto; Guiglia, Gabriela; Jeker, Heidi; Klein, Remy; Ramseier, Ueli; Schmid, Johann; Schreiber, Gerard; Seltenmeyer, Yves; Green, Jonathan R. published the artcile< Highly Potent Geminal Bisphosphonates. From Pamidronate Disodium (Aredia) to Zoledronic Acid (Zometa)>, Recommanded Product: 5-Isopropylthiazol-2-amine, the main research area is bisphosphonate derivative preparation structure bone resorption inhibitor osteoporosis; hypercalcemia Paget’s metastasis osteolysis osteoporosis bisphosphonate derivative preparation.

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are pyrophosphate analogs in which the oxygen in P-O-P has been replaced by a carbon, resulting in a metabolically stable P-C-P structure. Pamidronate (1b, Novartis), a second-generation BP, was the starting point for extensive SAR studies. Small changes of the structure of pamidronate lead to marked improvements of the inhibition of osteoclastic resorption potency. Alendronate (1c, MSD), with an extra methylene group in the N-alkyl chain, and olpadronate (1h, Gador), the N,N-di-Me analog, are about 10 times more potent than pamidronate. Extending one of the N-Me groups of olpadronate to a pentyl substituent leads to ibandronate (1k, Roche, Boehringer-Mannheim), which is the most potent close analog of pamidronate. Even slightly better antiresorptive potency is achieved with derivatives having a Ph group linked via a short aliphatic tether of three to four atoms to nitrogen, the second substituent being preferentially a Me group (e.g., 4g, 4j, 5d, or 5r). The most potent BPs are found in the series containing a heteroaromatic moiety (with at least one nitrogen atom), which is linked via a single methylene group to the geminal bisphosphonate unit. Zoledronic acid (6i), the most potent derivative, has an ED50 of 0.07 mg/kg in the TPTX in vivo assay after s.c. administration. It not only shows by far the highest therapeutic ratio when comparing resorption inhibition with undesired inhibition of bone mineralization but also exhibits superior renal tolerability. Zoledronic acid (6i) has thus been selected for clin. development under the registered trade name Zometa. The results of the clin. trials indicate that low doses are both efficacious and safe for the treatment of tumor-induced hypercalcemia, Paget’s disease of bone, osteolytic metastases, and postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about Antiosteoporotic agents. 101080-15-3 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C6H10N2S, Recommanded Product: 5-Isopropylthiazol-2-amine.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Abas, Elisa; Pena-Martinez, Raquel; Aguirre-Ramirez, Diego; Rodriguez-Dieguez, Antonio; Laguna, Mariano; Grasa, Laura published the artcile< New selective thiolate gold(i) complexes inhibit the proliferation of different human cancer cells and induce apoptosis in primary cultures of mouse colon tumors>, Name: 4,5-Dihydrothiazole-2-thiol, the main research area is thiolate gold complex preparation cancer apoptosis thioredoxin reductase.

New thiolate gold(i) complexes with P(NMe2)3 (HMPT) as a phosphane group [Au(SR)(HMPT)] (SR = Spy, Spyrim, SMe2pyrim, Sbenzothiazole, Sthiazoline, Sbenzimidazole and 2-thiouracil) have been synthesized. All of them have been characterized, including X-ray studies of complexes with SMe2pyrim, Sbenzothiazole and 2-thiouracil moieties. In addition, their potential application as anticancer drugs has been analyzed by determining their pharmacokinetic activities (water solubility, cell permeability and BSA transport protein affinity). Based on the good results of these experiments, we carried out the studies of cell viability with our compounds on different cell lines (A2780, A2780R and Caco-2/TC7 cells), showing higher cytotoxic activity than cisplatin in all cases. Besides, two of the synthesized complexes with Sbenzimidazole and 2-thiouracil groups exhibit specific selectivity for cancerous Caco-2 cells and are considered as potential candidates for anticancer drugs. These complexes were able to induce a strong inhibition of the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) protein and oxidative damage in membrane lipids. Addnl. studies in primary cultures of mouse colon tumors showed that these two complexes are proapoptotic upon exposure to phosphatidylserine. Based on our results, we conclude that two of our thiolate gold(I) complexes are good and effective candidates for use in chemotherapy.

Dalton Transactions published new progress about Antiproliferative agents. 96-53-7 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C3H5NS2, Name: 4,5-Dihydrothiazole-2-thiol.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Telegina, Lyudmila N.; Kelbysheva, Elena S.; Strelkova, Tatyana V.; Ezernitskaya, Mariam G.; Smol’yakov, Alexander F.; Borisov, Yurii A.; Loim, Nikolay M. published the artcile< Synthesis and Photochemical Study of Thiazolidine Derivatives of Cymantrene and the Corresponding Dicarbonyl Chelates>, Application of C3H5NS2, the main research area is cymantrenylmethylthio thiazole preparation reaction; thiazolidinethione cymantrenylmethylthio preparation reaction; chelated cymantrenylmethylthio thiazolidine preparation crystal mol structure; photochem thiazolidine derivative cymantrene dicarbonyl chelate.

Isomeric 4,5-dihydro-2-[(cymantrenylmethyl)thio]thiazole (1) and 3-(cymantrenylmethyl)-1,3-thioazolidine-2-thione (2) were synthesized and photochem. behavior and spectral characteristics of tricarbonyl and dicarbonyl complexes were studied. Irradiation of compounds 1 and 2 results in the formation of stable chelates due to coordination of manganese to the donor nitrogen and sulfur atoms of the thiazolidine substituent. Photolysis is accompanied with a color change and the corresponding changes in the UV/Vis spectra depending on the solvent used. In the presence of CO, the dicarbonyl chelates enter the dark reaction to give the parent tricarbonyl complexes thus forming intermol. photochromic systems. Photolysis of the dicarbonyl chelate 5 gives the isomeric chelate 6, which in the course of the dark isomerization transforms into complex 5. Chelates 5 and 6 form an intramol. photochromic pair.

ChemistrySelect published new progress about Chelates Role: PEP (Physical, Engineering or Chemical Process), PRP (Properties), RCT (Reactant), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), PROC (Process), RACT (Reactant or Reagent), PREP (Preparation). 96-53-7 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C3H5NS2, Application of C3H5NS2.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Ho, Duy-Khiet; LeGuyader, Clare; Srinivasan, Selvi; Roy, Debashish; Vlaskin, Vladimir; Chavas, Thomas E. J.; Lopez, Ciana L.; Snyder, Jessica M.; Postma, Almar; Chiefari, John; Stayton, Patrick S. published the artcile< Fully synthetic injectable depots with high drug content and tunable pharmacokinetics for long-acting drug delivery>, Name: 4,5-Dihydrothiazole-2-thiol, the main research area is pharmacokinetics drug delivery hydroxybenzyloxycarbonyl ethyloxycarbonyl methacrylate polymer; Drug delivery; HIV; Infectious disease; Long-acting depot; Polymer; Pre-exposure prophylaxis; RAFT; TAF.

Clin. studies have validated that antiretroviral (ARV) drugs can serve as an HIV pre-exposure prophylactic (PrEP) strategy. Dosing adherence remains a crucial factor determining the final efficacy outcomes, and both long-acting implants and injectable depot systems are being developed to improve patient adherence. Here, we describe an injectable depot platform that exploits a new mechanism for both formation and controlled release. The depot is a polymeric prodrug synthesized from monomers that incorporate an ARV drug tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) with degradable linkers that can be designed to control release rates. The prodrug monomers are synthetically incorporated into homopolymer or block designs that exhibit high drug weight percent (wt%) and also are hydrophobized in these prodrug segments to drive depot formation upon injection. Drug release converts those monomers to more hydrophilic pendant groups via linker cleavage, and as this drug release proceeds, the polymer chains losing hydrophobicity are then disassocd. from the depot and released over time to provide a depot dissolution mechanism. We show that long-acting TAF depots can be designed as block copolymers or as homopolymers. They can also be designed with different linkers, for example with faster or slower degrading p-hydroxybenzyloxycarbonyl (Benzyl) and ethyloxycarbonyl (Alkyl) linkers, resp. Diblock designs of p(glycerol monomethacrylate)-b-p(Alkyl-TAF-methacrylate) and p(glycerol monomethacrylate)-b-p(Benzyl-TAF-methacrylate) were first characterized in a mouse s.c. injection model. The alkylcarbamate linker design (TAF 51 wt%) showed excellent sustained release profiles of the key metabolite tenofovir (TFV) in skin and plasma over a 50-day period. Next, the homopolymer design with a high TAF drug wt% of 73% was characterized in the same model. The homopolymer depots with p(Alkyl-TAFMA) exhibited sustained TFV and TAF release profiles in skin and blood over 60 days, and TFV-DP concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were found to be at least 10-fold higher than the clin. suggested minimally EC90 protective concentration of 24 fmol/106 cells. These are the first reports of sustained parent TAF dosing observed in mouse and TFV-DP in mouse PBMC. IVIS imaging of rhodamine labeled homopolymer depots showed that degradation and release of the depot coincided with the sustained TAF release. Finally, these polymers showed excellent stability in accelerated stability studies over a six-month time period, and exceptional solubility of over 700 mg/mL in the DMSO formulation solvent. The homopolymer designs have a drug reservoir potential of well over a year at mg/day dosing and may not require cold chain storage for global health and developed world long-acting drug delivery applications.

Journal of Controlled Release published new progress about Chain transfer agents. 96-53-7 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C3H5NS2, Name: 4,5-Dihydrothiazole-2-thiol.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Mallo-Abreu, Ana; Prieto-Diaz, Ruben; Jespers, Willem; Azuaje, Jhonny; Majellaro, Maria; Velando, Carmen; Garcia-Mera, Xerardo; Caamano, Olga; Brea, Jose; Loza, Maria I.; Gutierrez-de-Teran, Hugo; Sotelo, Eddy published the artcile< A Nitrogen-Walk Approach to Explore Bioisosteric Replacements in a Series of Potent A2B Adenosine Receptor Antagonists>, Computed Properties of 1003-32-3, the main research area is dihydrobenzoimidazopyrimidine carboxylate preparation SAR docking A2B adenosine receptor antagonist.

A systematic exploration of bioisosteric replacements for furan and thiophene cores in a series of potent A2BAR antagonists was carried out using the nitrogen-walk approach. A collection of 42 novel alkyl 4-substituted-2-methyl-1,4-dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylates I [R = H, cyclopentyl, Ph, etc.; R1 = Et, i-Pr], which contain 18 different pentagonal heterocyclic frameworks at position 4, was synthesized and evaluated. This study enabled the identication of new ligands that combine remarkable affinity (Ki < 30 nM) and exquisite selectivity. The SAR trends identified were substantiated by a mol. modeling study, based on a receptor-driven docking model and including a systematic free energy perturbation (FEP) study. Preliminary evaluation of the CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitory activity in optimized ligands evidenced weak and negligible activity resp. The stereospecific interaction between hA2BAR and the eutomer of the most attractive novel antagonist (S)-II (Ki = 3.66 nM) was validated. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about Adenosine A2B receptors Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 1003-32-3 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C4H3NOS, Computed Properties of 1003-32-3.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Wang, Ning-Yu; Xu, Ying; Zuo, Wei-Qiong; Xiao, Kun-Jie; Liu, Li; Zeng, Xiu-Xiu; You, Xin-Yu; Zhang, Li-Dan; Gao, Chao; Liu, Zhi-Hao; Ye, Ting-Hong; Xia, Yong; Xiong, Ying; Song, Xue-Jiao; Lei, Qian; Peng, Cui-Ting; Tang, Hong; Yang, Sheng-Yong; Wei, Yu-Quan; Yu, Luo-Ting published the artcile< Discovery of Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole HCV NS4B Inhibitors Exhibiting Synergistic Effect with Other Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents>, Computed Properties of 101080-15-3, the main research area is imidazothiazole HCV NS4B inhibitor drug synergism antiviral.

The design, synthesis, and SAR studies of novel inhibitors of HCV NS4B based on the imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole scaffold were described. Optimization of potency with respect to genotype 1b resulted in the discovery of two potent leads 26f (I, EC50 = 16 nM) and 28g (II, EC50 = 31 nM). The resistance profile studies revealed that 26f and 28g targeted HCV NS4B, more precisely the second amphipathic α helix of NS4B (4BAH2). Cross-resistance between our 4BAH2 inhibitors and other direct-acting antiviral agents targeting NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B was not observed For the first time, the synergism of a series of combinations based on 4BAH2 inhibitors was evaluated. The results demonstrated that our 4BAH2 inhibitor 26f was synergistic with NS3/4A inhibitor simeprevir, NS5A inhibitor daclatasvir, and NS5B inhibitor sofosbuvir, and it could also reduce the dose of these drugs at almost all effect levels. Our study suggested that favorable effects could be achieved by combining 4BAH2 inhibitors such as 26f with these approved drugs and that new all-oral antiviral combinations based on 4BAH2 inhibitors were worth developing to supplement or even replace current treatment regimens for curing HCV infection.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about Antiviral agents. 101080-15-3 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C6H10N2S, Computed Properties of 101080-15-3.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Gorla, Suresh Kumar; Kavitha, Mandapati; Zhang, Minjia; Chin, James En Wai; Liu, Xiaoping; Striepen, Boris; Makowska-Grzyska, Magdalena; Kim, Youngchang; Joachimiak, Andrzej; Hedstrom, Lizbeth; Cuny, Gregory D. published the artcile< Optimization of Benzoxazole-Based Inhibitors of Cryptosporidium parvum Inosine 5'-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase>, COA of Formula: C4H3NOS, the main research area is benzoxazole derivative preparation Cryptosporidium inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor.

Cryptosporidium parvum is an enteric protozoan parasite that has emerged as a major cause of diarrhea, malnutrition, and gastroenteritis and poses a potential bioterrorism threat. C. parvum synthesizes guanine nucleotides from host adenosine in a streamlined pathway that relies on IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH). We have previously identified several parasite-selective C. parvum IMPDH (CpIMPDH) inhibitors by high-throughput screening. In this paper, we report the structure-activity relationship (SAR) for a series of benzoxazole derivatives with many compounds demonstrating CpIMPDH IC50 values in the nanomolar range and >500-fold selectivity over human IMPDH (hIMPDH). Unlike previously reported CpIMPDH inhibitors, these compounds are competitive inhibitors vs. NAD+. The SAR study reveals that pyridine and other small heteroaromatic substituents are required at the 2-position of the benzoxazole for potent inhibitory activity. In addition, several other SAR conclusions are highlighted with regard to the benzoxazole and the amide portion of the inhibitor, including preferred stereochem. An X-ray crystal structure of a representative E·IMP·inhibitor complex is also presented. Overall, the secondary amine derivative I demonstrated excellent CpIMPDH inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.5 ± 0.1 nM) and moderate stability (t1/2 = 44 min) in mouse liver microsomes. The racemic version of I, also displayed superb antiparasitic activity in a Toxoplasma gondii strain that relies on CpIMPDH (EC50 = 20 ± 20 nM), and selectivity vs. a wild-type T. gondii strain (200-fold). No toxicity was observed (LD50 > 50 μM) against a panel of four mammalian cells lines.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about Cryptosporidium parvum. 1003-32-3 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C4H3NOS, COA of Formula: C4H3NOS.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Ulmschneider, Sarah; Modduller-Vieira, Ursula; Klein, Christian D.; Antes, Iris; Lengauer, Thomas; Hartmann, Rolf W. published the artcile< Synthesis and evaluation of (pyridylmethylene)tetrahydronaphthalenes/-indanes and structurally modified derivatives: potent and selective inhibitors of aldosterone synthase. [Erratum to document cited in CA142:373650]>, Recommanded Product: Thiazole-5-carboxyaldehyde, the main research area is erratum heteroarylidene aromatic compound stereoisomer preparation aldosterone oxidase inhibition; pyridylmethylene tetrahydronaphthalene indane stereoisomer preparation aldosterone oxidase inhibition erratum; structure heteroarylidene aromatic compound stereoisomer aldosterone oxidase inhibition erratum; CYP11B2 inhibiting heteroarylidene aromatic compound stereoisomer preparation erratum; selective aldosterone oxidase inhibiting heteroarylidene aromatic compound erratum; mol modeling heteroarylidene aromatic compound binding CYP11B1 CYP11B2 erratum.

In Tables 2 and 3 on pages 1567 and 1568, the column of values for the % inhibition for human CYP17 and the columns of values for IC50 for V79 11B1 hCP11B1 and V79 11B2 hCYP11B2 were switched. The correct versions of the tables are given.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about Homo sapiens. 1003-32-3 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C4H3NOS, Recommanded Product: Thiazole-5-carboxyaldehyde.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Roe, Caroline; Hobbs, Heather; Stockman, Robert A. published the artcile< Multicomponent synthesis of chiral sulfinimines>, Reference of 1003-32-3, the main research area is chiral sulfinimine enantioselective preparation; oxathiazolidine oxide Grignard reagent aldehyde multicomponent reaction.

Two oxathiozolidine-S-oxide templates have been developed and used in a four-component coupling protocol for the synthesis of a wide range of chiral sulfinimines in high enantiomeric excesses. The templates can be synthesized from cheap commodity chems. in three steps in high yields. Furthermore the template is easily recovered in high yields for recycling.

Chemistry – A European Journal published new progress about Aldehydes Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 1003-32-3 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C4H3NOS, Reference of 1003-32-3.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Qian, Yuanyuan; Allegretta, Giuseppe; Janardhanan, Jeshina; Peng, Zhihong; Mahasenan, Kiran V.; Lastochkin, Elena; Gozun, Melissa Malia N.; Tejera, Sara; Schroeder, Valerie A.; Wolter, William R.; Feltzer, Rhona; Mobashery, Shahriar; Chang, Mayland published the artcile< Exploration of the Structural Space in 4(3H)-Quinazolinone Antibacterials>, Recommanded Product: Thiazole-5-carboxyaldehyde, the main research area is quinazolinone preparation antibacterial pharmacokinetic SAR staphylococcus aureus QSAR.

Herein the syntheses of 79 derivatives of the 4(3H)-quinazolinones and their structure-activity relationship (SAR) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is reported. Twenty-one analogs were further evaluated in in vitro assays. Subsequent investigation of the pharmacokinetic properties singled out compound I ((E)-3-(5-carboxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-cyanostyryl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one) for further study. The compound synergized with piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) both in vitro and in vivo in a clin. relevant mouse model of MRSA infection. The TZP combination lacks activity against MRSA, yet it synergized with compound I to kill MRSA in a bactericidal manner. The synergy is rationalized by the ability of the quinazolinones to bind to the allosteric site of penicillin-binding protein (PBP)2a, resulting in opening of the active site, whereby the β-lactam antibiotic now is enabled to bind to the active site in its mechanism of action. The combination effectively treats MRSA infection, for which many antibiotics (including TZP) have faced clin. obsolescence.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about Antibacterial agents. 1003-32-3 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C4H3NOS, Recommanded Product: Thiazole-5-carboxyaldehyde.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica