Tag: M.W=250-300

Takakura, Hideo published the artcile< Molecular design of D-luciferin-based bioluminescence and 1,2-dioxetane-based chemiluminescence substrates for altered output wavelength and detecting various molecules>, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-(6-Hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, the main research area is review luciferin bioluminescence chemiluminescence substrate imaging reagent mol design; bioluminescence; chemiluminescence; design strategy; imaging; molecular probes; near infrared.

A review. Optical imaging including fluorescence and luminescence is the most popular method for the in vivo imaging in mice. Luminescence imaging is considered to be superior to fluorescence imaging due to the lack of both autofluorescence and the scattering of excitation light. To date, various luciferin analogs and bioluminescence probes have been developed for deep tissue and mol. imaging. Recently, chemiluminescence probes have been developed based on a 1,2- dioxetane scaffold. In this , the accumulated findings of numerous studies and the design strategies of bioluminescence and chemiluminescence imaging reagents are summarized.

Molecules published new progress about Bioluminescence. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-(6-Hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Hasgur, Suheyla; Desbourdes, Laura; Relation, Theresa; Overholt, Kathleen M.; Stanek, Joseph R.; Guess, Adam J.; Yu, Minjun; Patel, Pratik; Roback, Linda; Dominici, Massimo; Otsuru, Satoru; Horwitz, Edwin M. published the artcile< Splenic macrophage phagocytosis of intravenously infused mesenchymal stromal cells attenuates tumor localization>, Safety of (S)-2-(6-Hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, the main research area is mesenchymal stromal cell splenic macrophage phagocytosis tumor localization; cancer cell therapy; lentiviral transduction; mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs); phagocytosis; splenic macrophage; stem cell transplantation; tumor homing.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess remarkable tumor tropism, making them ideal vehicles to deliver tumor-targeted therapeutic agents; however, their value in clin. medicine has yet to be realized. A barrier to clin. utilization is that only a small fraction of infused MSCs ultimately localize to the tumor. In an effort to overcome this obstacle, we sought to enhance MSC trafficking by focusing on the factors that govern MSC arrival within the tumor microenvironment. Our findings show that MSC chemoattraction is only present in select tumors, including osteosarcoma, and that the chemotactic potency among similar tumors varies substantially. Using an osteosarcoma xenograft model, we show that human MSCs traffic to the tumor within several hours of infusion. After arrival, MSCs are observed to localize in clusters near blood vessels and MSC-associated bioluminescence signal intensity is increased, suggesting that the seeded cells expand after engraftment. However, our studies reveal that a significant portion of MSCs are eliminated en route by splenic macrophage phagocytosis, effectively limiting the number of cells available for tumor engraftment. To increase MSC survival, we transiently depleted macrophages with liposomal clodronate, which resulted in increased tumor localization without substantial reduction in tumor-associated macrophages. Our data suggest that transient macrophage depletion will significantly increase the number of MSCs in the spleen and thus improve MSC localization within a tumor, theor. increasing the ED of an anti-cancer agent. This strategy may subsequently improve the clin. efficacy of MSCs as vehicles for the tumor-directed delivery of therapeutic agents.

Cytotherapy published new progress about Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Safety of (S)-2-(6-Hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Inouye, Satoshi; Sahara-Miura, Yuiko; Nakamura, Mitsuhiro; Hosoya, Takamitsu published the artcile< Expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant apoPholasin>, Category: thiazole, the main research area is apoPholasin glutathione transferase coelenterazine reactive oxygen species oxidation; Coelenteramide; Coelenteramine; Dehydrocoelenterazine; Photoproteins; Reactive oxygen.

Pholasin is a reactive oxygen-sensitive photoprotein that consists of an apoprotein (apoPholasin) and an unknown chromophore. The preferred human codon-optimized apoPholasin gene was transiently expressed in mammalian cells and apoPholasin was detected using an anti-recombinant apoPholasin antibody. For the first time, we found that apoPholasin secreted into the culture medium could catalyze the oxidation of coelenterazine (CTZ, a luciferin) to produce continuous luminescence. The fusion protein of apoPholasin and glutathione S-transferase (GST-apoPholasin) was successfully expressed as a soluble form in bacterial cells using the cold induction system. The purified GST-apoPholasin also had luminescence activity with CTZ, showing the bioluminescence emission peak at 461 nm, and the resultant product showed purple blue fluorescence under 365 nm light. Unexpectedly, the main oxidation product of CTZ was identified as coelenteramine (CTM), not coelenteramide (CTMD).

Protein Expression and Purification published new progress about Absorption. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Category: thiazole.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Moriguchi, Maiko; Takahashi, Ryo; Kang, Bubwoong; Kuse, Masaki published the artcile< Expression of recombinant apopholasin using a baculovirus-silkworm multigene expression system and activation via dehydrocoelenterazine>, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-(6-Hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, the main research area is expression recombinant apopholasin baculovirus silkworm multigene system activation dehydrocoelenterazine; Apopholasin; Baculovirus–silkworm multigene expression system; Chromophore; Dehydrocoelenterazine; Pholasin.

Pholasin is a photoprotein derived from the glowing bivalve mollusk, Pholas dactylus. Even though the chem. structure of the prosthetic group (chromophore) responsible for the light emission character of the mollusk remains unknown, research showed that the presence of dehydrocoelenterazine (DCL) increased light emission and that the dithiothreitol adduct of DCL was isolated from Pholasin. To date, the authors’ research has been focused on activating apopholasin, the naturally occurring apoprotein of Pholasin, using DCL. In the current study, the expression of recombinant apopholasin via a baculovirus-silkworm multigene expression system is reported. Addnl., the purification of apopholasin using a Flag-affinity column, the activation of apopholasin using DCL, and the initiation of its luminescent character through the addition of a peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide mixture are reported. The peroxidase-H2O2-dependent luminescence was observed from the recombinant apopholasin activated with DCL.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about Bioluminescence. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-(6-Hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Tan, Richard P.; Hallahan, Nicole; Kosobrodova, Elena; Michael, Praveesuda L.; Wei, Fei; Santos, Miguel; Lam, Yuen Ting; Chan, Alex H. P.; Xiao, Yin; Bilek, Marcela M. M.; Thorn, Peter; Wise, Steven G. published the artcile< Bioactivation of Encapsulation Membranes Reduces Fibrosis and Enhances Cell Survival>, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-(6-Hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid, the main research area is islet encapsulation device immunomodulatory surface coating macrophage polarization; encapsulation devices; immunomodulatory surface coatings; islet cells; macrophage polarization; type I diabetes.

Encapsulation devices are an emerging barrier technol. designed to prevent the immunorejection of replacement cells in regenerative therapies for intractable diseases. However, traditional polymers used in current devices are poor substrates for cell attachment and induce fibrosis upon implantation, impacting long-term therapeutic cell viability. Bioactivation of polymer surfaces improves local host responses to materials, and here we make the first step toward demonstrating the utility of this approach to improve cell survival within encapsulation implants. Using therapeutic islet cells as an exemplar cell therapy, we show that internal surface coatings improve islet cell attachment and viability, while distinct external coatings modulate local foreign body responses. Using plasma surface functionalization (plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII)), we employ hollow fiber semiporous poly(ether sulfone) (PES) encapsulation membranes and coat the internal surfaces with the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (FN) to enhance islet cell attachment. Sep., the external fiber surface is coated with the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) to polarize local macrophages to an M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype, muting the fibrotic response. To demonstrate the power of our approach, bioluminescent murine islet cells were loaded into dual FN/IL-4-coated fibers and evaluated in a mouse back model for 14 days. Dual FN/IL-4 fibers showed striking reductions in immune cell accumulation and elevated levels of the M2 macrophage phenotype, consistent with the suppression of fibrotic encapsulation and enhanced angiogenesis. These changes led to markedly enhanced islet cell survival and importantly to functional integration of the implant with the host vasculature. Dual FN/IL-4 surface coatings drive multifaceted improvements in islet cell survival and function, with significant implications for improving clin. translation of therapeutic cell-containing macroencapsulation implants.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces published new progress about Angiogenesis. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-(6-Hydroxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Moody, Christopher J.; Bagley, Mark C. published the artcile< Total synthesis of (+)-nostocyclamide>, Application of C12H18N2O4S, the main research area is nostocyclamide macrocyclic peptide total synthesis.

The synthesis of (+)-nostocyclamide (I) from the oxazole II and thiazoles III (R = H, CHMe2; Boc = Me3CO2C) is described. The oxazole amino ester II was prepared from N-protected alaninamide using a rhodium(II) catalyzed N-H insertion reaction as a key step, and the thiazoles III were obtained using a modified Hantzsch reaction. The synthesis was completed in six further steps in which fragments II and III (R = CHMe2) were coupled using mixed anhydride methodol. to give a oxazole-thiazole intermediate, deprotection of which and coupling to III (R = H) gave a linear bis-thiazole oxazole intermediate. Macrocyclization using the pentafluorophenyl ester method gave (+)-nostocyclamide I. The synthesis confirms that the natural product is the (+)-enantiomer and has the (2S,12R) absolute configuration.

Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry published new progress about 96929-05-4. 96929-05-4 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C12H18N2O4S, Application of C12H18N2O4S.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Jin, Minye; Glaeser, Alisa; Paez, Julieta I. published the artcile< Redox-triggerable firefly luciferin-bioinspired hydrogels as injectable and cell-encapsulating matrices>, Product Details of C11H8N2O3S2, the main research area is luciferin bioinspired hydrogel injectable cell encapsulating matrix.

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels are smart materials that respond to variations caused by external stimuli and that are currently exploited for biomedical applications such as biosensing, drug delivery and tissue engineering. The development of stimuli-responsive hydrogels with defined user control is relevant to realize materials with advanced properties. Recently, our group reported firefly luciferin-inspired hydrogel matrixes for 3D cell culture. This platform exhibited advantages like rapid gelation rate and tunability of mech. and biol. properties. However, this first mol. design did not allow fine control of the gelation onset, which restricts application as a cell-encapsulating matrice with injectable and processable properties. In this article, we endow the firefly luciferin-inspired hydrogels with redox-triggering capability, to overcome the limitations of the previous system and to widen its application range. We achieve this goal by introducing protected macromers as hydrogel polymeric precursors that can be activated in the presence of a mild reductant, to trigger gel formation in situ with a high degree of control. We demonstrate that the regulation of mol. parameters (e.g., structure of the protecting group, reductant type) and environmental parameters (e.g., pH, temperature) of the deprotection reaction can be exploited to modulate materials properties. This redox-triggerable system enables precise control over gelation onset and kinetics, thus facilitating its utilization as an injectable hydrogel without neg. impacting its cytocompatibility. Our findings expand the current toolkit of chem.-based stimuli-responsive hydrogels.

Polymer Chemistry published new progress about Biocompatibility, cytocompatibility. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Product Details of C11H8N2O3S2.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Morciano, Giampaolo; Imamura, Hiromi; Patergnani, Simone; Pedriali, Gaia; Giorgi, Carlotta; Pinton, Paolo published the artcile< Measurement of ATP concentrations in mitochondria of living cells using luminescence and fluorescence approaches>, Reference of 2591-17-5, the main research area is ATP; Bioluminescence; Biosensor; FRET; Fluorescence; Live cell imaging; Luciferase assay; Mitochondria.

Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) is the central metabolite in the energy metabolism of cells and is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate to provide free energy in various cellular processes. ATP also functions as an intracellular signaling mol. Thus, it is important to know the ATP concentration within cells to understand cellular activities. Here, we describe two methods to detect ATP concentrations in the cytoplasm and mitochondrial matrix using genetically encoded luminescent or fluorescent biosensors. These methods enable quant. investigation of ATP concentration dynamics in living cells, single cells and cell populations.

Methods in Cell Biology published new progress about 2591-17-5. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Reference of 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Ogawa, Haruhisa; Ono, Ryohei; Noguchi, Yoshifumi; Kitada, Nobuo; Saito-Moriya, Ryohei; Maki, Shojiro A.; Akiyama, Hidefumi; Itabashi, Hideyuki; Hiyama, Miyabi published the artcile< Absorption Spectra for Firefly Bioluminescence Substrate Analog: TokeOni in Various pH Solutions>, Reference of 2591-17-5, the main research area is AkaLumine TokeOni protonation dissociation constant UV spectrum.

AkaLumine hydrochloride, named TokeOni, is one of the firefly luciferin analogs, and its reaction with firefly luciferase produces near-IR (NIR) bioluminescence. Prior to studying the bioluminescence mechanism, basic knowledge about the chem. structures, electronic states, and absorption properties of TokeOni at various pH values of solution has to be acquired. In this paper, the absorption spectra for TokeOni and AkaLumine at pH 2-10 were measured. D. functional theory (DFT) calculations, time-dependent DFT calculations, and the vibrational analyses were carried out. The absorption spectra indicate that the chem. forms of TokeOni in solutions are same as those of AkaLumine. The peaks at pH 7-10 in the absorption spectra correspond to the excitation from the ground state of a carboxylate anion of AkaLumine, the peak at pH 2 corresponds to the excitation from the ground state of a carboxylate anion with an N-protonated thiazoline ring and N-protonated dimethylamino group of AkaLumine, and the peak at pH 4 corresponds to the excitation from the ground state of a carboxylate anion with an N-protonated thiazoline ring of AkaLumine.

Photochemistry and Photobiology published new progress about Bioluminescence. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Reference of 2591-17-5.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica

Mitiouchkina, Tatiana; Mishin, Alexander S.; Somermeyer, Louisa Gonzalez; Markina, Nadezhda M.; Chepurnyh, Tatiana V.; Guglya, Elena B.; Karataeva, Tatiana A.; Palkina, Kseniia A.; Shakhova, Ekaterina S.; Fakhranurova, Liliia I.; Chekova, Sofia V.; Tsarkova, Aleksandra S.; Golubev, Yaroslav V.; Negrebetsky, Vadim V.; Dolgushin, Sergey A.; Shalaev, Pavel V.; Shlykov, Dmitry; Melnik, Olesya A.; Shipunova, Victoria O.; Deyev, Sergey M.; Bubyrev, Andrey I.; Pushin, Alexander S.; Choob, Vladimir V.; Dolgov, Sergey V.; Kondrashov, Fyodor A.; Yampolsky, Ilia V.; Sarkisyan, Karen S. published the artcile< Plants with genetically encoded autoluminescence>, Product Details of C11H8N2O3S2, the main research area is Nicotiana leaf caffeic acid hispidin synthase signaling bioluminescence imaging.

Abstract: Autoluminescent plants engineered to express a bacterial bioluminescence gene cluster in plastids have not been widely adopted because of low light output. We engineered tobacco plants with a fungal bioluminescence system that converts caffeic acid (present in all plants) into luciferin and report self-sustained luminescence that is visible to the naked eye. Our findings could underpin development of a suite of imaging tools for plants.

Nature Biotechnology published new progress about Bioluminescent imaging. 2591-17-5 belongs to class thiazole, and the molecular formula is C11H8N2O3S2, Product Details of C11H8N2O3S2.

Referemce:
Thiazole | C3H3NS – PubChem,
Thiazole | chemical compound | Britannica